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Given By
Tt. S. fiOPT. OF DOCUMETrri
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UNIFORM
CRIME REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
Volume VIII — Number 1
FIRST QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1937
Issued by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
United States Department of Justice
Washington, D. C.
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1937
U. S.. SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
MAY 26 1936
ADVISORY
COMMITTEE ON UNIFORM CRIME RECORDS
OF THE
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS OF POLICE
(n)
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
J. Edgar Hoover. Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, United States
Department of Justice, Washington, D. C.
Volume 7 April 1936 Number 1
CONTENTS
Classification of offenses.
Extent of rejiorting area.
Monthly returns:
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to population (tabic 1).
Daily average, offenses known to the police, 1936 (table 2).
Daily average, offenses known to the police, 1931-3() (table 3).
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to locution (tables
4,5).
Data for individual cities (table 6)
Offenses known to sheriffs and State police (table 7).
Offenses known in the possessions (table 8).
Data from supplementary offense reports (tables 9-9B).
Annual returns:
Offenses known and offenses cleared by arrest, 1935 (tables 10-12).
Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1935 (tables 13-14A).
Persons released (not held for prosecution), 1935 (tables 15, 15A).
Percentage of offenses cleared by arrest, 1933-35 (table 16).
Data comi)iled from fingerprint cards, 1936:
Sex distribution of persons arrested (table 17).
Age distribution of persons arrested (tables 18, 19).
Number and percentage with previous fingerprint records (tables 20, 21).
Number with records showing previous convictions (tables 22, 23).
Race distribution of persons arrested (tables 24-27).
Classification of Offenses.
The term "offenses known to the police" is designed to inchido
those crimes designated as part I classes of the uniform classification
occurring within the police jurisdiction, whether they become known
to the police through reports of police officers, of citizens, of prose-
cuting or court officials, or otherwise. They are confined to the fol-
lowing group of seven classes of grave offenses, shown by experience
to be tbose most generally and completely reported to the police:
Criminal homicide, including (a) murder, nonnegligcnt manslaughter,
and (6) manslaughter by negligence; rape; robbery; aggravated
assault; burglary — breaking or entering; larceny — theft; and auto
theft. The figures contained herein include also the number of
attempted crimes of the designated classes. Attempted murders,
however, are reported as aggravated assaults. In other words, an
attempted burglary or robbery, for example, is reported in the bulle-
tin in the same manner as if the crime had been completed.
"Offenses known to the police" include, therefore, all of the above
offenses, including attempts, which are reported by the police depart-
ments of contributing cities and not merely arrests or cleared cases.
Complaints wliicli upon investigation are learned to be groundless
are not included in the tabulations which follow.
In order to indicate more clearly the types of offenses included in
each group, there follows a brief definition of each classification.
(1)
1 . Criminal homicide. — (a) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter — includes all
felonious homicides except those caused by negligence. Does not include attempts
to kill, assaults to kill, justifiable homicides, suicides, or accidental deaths, ib)
Manslaughter by negligence — includes only those cases in which death is caused
by culpable negligence which is so clearly evident that if the person responsible
for the death were apprehended he would be prosecuted for manslaughter.
2. Rape. — Includes forcible rape, statutory rape, assault to rape, and attempted
rape.
3. Robbery. — Includes steahng or taking anything of value from the person
by force or violence or by putting in fear, such as highway robbery, stick-ups,
robbery armed. Includes assault to rob and attempt to rob.
4. Aggravated assault. — Includes assault with intent to kill; assault by shooting,
cutting, stabbing, maiming, poisoning, scalding, or by use of acids. Does not
include simple assault, assault and battery, fighting, etc.
5. Burglary — breaking or entering. — Includes burglary, housebreaking, safe
cracking, or anv unlawful entry to commit a felony or theft. Includes attempted
burglary and assault to commit a burglary. Burglary followed by a larceny is
entered here and is not counted again under larceny.
6. Larceni/ — theft (except auto theft). — (a) Fifty dollars and over in value.
(6) Under $50 in value — includes in one of the above subclassifications, depending
upon the value of the property stolen, pocket-picking, purse-snatching, shop-
lifting, or any stealing of property or thing of value which is not taken by force
and violence or by fraud. Does not include embezzlement, "con" games, forgery,
passing worthless checks, etc.
7. Auto theft. — Includes all cases where a motor vehicle is stolen or driven away
and abandoned, including the so-called "joy-riding" thefts. Does not include
taking for temporary use when actually returned by the taker, or unauthorized
use by those having lawful access to the vehicle.
In publishing the data sent in by chiefs of police in different cities,
the FBI does not vouch for their accuracy. They are given out as
current information, which may throw some light on problems of crime
and criminal-law enforcement.
In compihng the tables, returns which were apparently incomplete
or otherwise defective were excluded.
Extent of Reporting Area.
The number of police departments contributing one or more crime
reports for the first 3 months of 1936 is shown in the following table.
The information is presented for the cities divided according to size.
The population figures employed are estimates as of Julyl, 1933, by
the Bureau of the Census for all cities with population in excess of
10,000. No estimates were available, however, for those with a
smaller number of inhabitants and, accordingly, for them the figures
fisted in the 1930 decennial census were used.
The growth in the crime reporting area is evidenced by the follow-
ing figures for the first 3 months of 1932-36.
Year
Cities
Population
Year
Cities
Population
1932
1,476
1,561
1,593
49,368,231
53, 295, 629
61, 715, 079
1935 --
1,833
2,111
62, 304, 616
1933
1936
63, 766, 619
1934
The above comparison shows that during the first 3 months of 1936
there was an increase of 278 cities as compared with 1935.
In addition to the 2,111 city and village police departments which
submitted crime reports during 1936, one or more reports were re-
ceived during that period from 862 sheriffs and State police units and
from 6 agencies in possessions of the United States. This makes a
grand total of 2,979 agencies contributing crime reports during 1936.
Population group
Totul
number
of cities
or towns
Cities filing
returns
Total popu-
lation
Population represented
in returns
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total
983
S.59
87.4
60, 2S I, 688
57, 336. 429
95.1
1. Cities over 2.')0,000
2. Cities 1(K),()00 to 250,000..
3 Cities SO,(KH) to 100,000 . .
37
57
104
191
594
36
57
94
171
501
97.3
100.0
90.4
89.5
84.3
29, 695, ,')(K)
7,8.50.312
6. 980, 4117
6. 638, 5) t
9,116,925
29,415, 100
7,850.312
6. 325. 670
5. 978, 777
7, 766, 570
99.1
100.0
90.6
4 Cities 25,000 to 50,000
90.1
5. Cities 10,000 to 25,000
85.2
Note.— The above table does not include 1,252 cities and rural townships agpropiatinK a total popula-
tion of 6,430,190. The cities included in this fi^'ure are those of less than 10,000 population filing returns,
tihcreas the rural townships are of varying population groups.
MONTHLY RETURNS
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Population.
In table 1 there is shown the number of offenses reported during
the first 3 months of 1936 by the poUce departments of 1,667 cities
with an aggregate population of 58,477,539. The figures are divided
into 6 groups according to size of city and also include data showing
the number of offenses per 100,000 inhabitants. The figures have
been presented in this form in order that the data for indi\'ichial
cities may be compared with the national averages for cities of
approximately the same size.
The compilation shows that more than 95 percent of the offenses
reported consisted of crimes against property (larceny, burglary, auto
theft, and robbery), wdiereas offenses against the person constituted
4.6 percent of the crimes reported. The following percentage distri-
bution contains figures for individual types of crimes.
Offense
Total
Larceny
Burglary...
Auto theft.
Rate per
100,000
Percent
296.4
100.0
149.8
72. 1
45.3
60.6
24.3
15.3
Offense
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Rape
Murder
Manslaughter
Rate per
100,000
15.3
9.9
1.6
1.4
1.0
Percent
Most of the police departments forwarding crime reports to the
FBI divided offenses of larceny into two groups, those in which the
value of the property stolen was $50 or more, and those in which the
value was less than $50. Of the cities with more than 100,000
inhabitants, 82 reported larceny data classified in accordance with
the foregoing, and a separate compilation of that information is
presented below.
Larceny
—theft
Population group
.$50 and over
in value
Tender $.50
in value
30 cities over 2.50,000; total population, 19,669,700:
Number of otTenses known
4, 525
23.0
1.718
23.6
27,430
Rate per 1()0,0(JO
139.5
52 cities, 100,000 to 2.50,000; total population, 7,265,312:
Number of olTenses known .
12,860
Rate per 100,000 -
177.0
The above compilation shows that the poHce departments in cities
with more than 250,000 inhabitants reported lower rates for both
larceny classes than the communities with from 100,000 to 250,000
inhabitants.
Table 1. — Offenses known to the police, January to March, inclusive, 1936; number
and rates per 100,000, by population groups
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Population group
GROUP I
34 cities over 250,000; total population,
28,682,600:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP II
64 cities, 100,000 to 250,000;; total popu-
lation, 7,496,212:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP III
82 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total popu-
lation, 5,588,309:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP IV
144 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total popula-
tion, 5,013,122:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP V
435 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total popula-
tion, 0,705,261:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP V(
918 cities under 10,000; total population,
4,992,035:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
Total 1,667 cities; total popula-
lation, 58,477,539:
Number of offenses known__.
Rate per 100,000
Criminal
homicide
Mur-
der,
non-
negli-
gent
man-
slaugh-
ter
403
1.4
130
1.7
81
1.4
45
0.9
80
1.2
53
1. 1
792
1.4
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
3G8
1.4
70
0.9
32
33
0.7
47
0.7
26
0.5
2 576
1.0
Rape
570
2.0
113
1.5
52
0.9
1.5
SI
1.2
70
1.4
Rob-
bery
5,759
20.1
1, l.'-.4
15.4
755
13.5
448
8.9
499
7.4
326
fi. 5
963
1.6
8,941
15.3
Aggra-
vated
assault
2,736
9.5
1,102
14.7
699
12.5
466
9.3
552
8.2
240
4.8
5,795
9.9
Bur-
glary-
break -
ing or
enter-
ing
20, 148
70.2
7, 775
103.7
4,430
79.3
3,677
73.3
3,810
56.8
2,342
40.9
42, 182
72.1
Lar-
ceny-
theft
39, 138
136.5
15, 003
200.1
11, 130
199.2
8,583
171.2
8,958
133.6
4,769
95.5
87,581
149.8
Auto
theft
14,044
49.0
4,788
63.9
2,665
47.7
1,952
38.9
2,002
29.9
1,061
21.3
26, 512
45.3
1 The number of offenses and rate for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 32 cities with a
total population of 26,954,400.
2 The number of offenses and rate for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 1,665 cities with
a total population of 56,749,339.
Daily Average, Offenses Known to the Police, 1926.
In table 2 there are presented data for the first quarter of 1936
indicating the monthly variations in the number of offenses reported
to the police departments of 88 cities "wdth a combined population of
36,178,812.
Tlio fio;iircs for ro})bery sliowod a dowmvard trend diirinp; tho first
3 niontlis of tho year, whereas tho liguivs for rape and aji'gravated
assault evidenced increases. The figures for the remaining offense
classes showed irregidar variations.
Table 2. — Daily average, offenses known to the police, 88 cities over 100,000,
January to March, inclusive, 1936
iTotal population, 36,178,812, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Alonth
January
February
March. _
January to March
Criminal homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
5.8
5.7
6.1
5.9
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
npgli-
gerice
1 4.8
3.8
5.8
4.8
Rape
6.9
7.6
8.1
7.5
Rob-
ber V
80.2
78.1
69.7
76.0
Aggra-
vateil
as-
sault
38.2
40.6
47.fi
42.2
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
309.8
289.3
320.3
306. 8
Lar-
ceny—
theft
601.8
561. 7
619.2
595.0
Auto
theft
207. 8
191 3
220.7
206.9
' Daily averages for manslaughter by neglieence are based on reiiorls of 86 cities with a totnl population
of 34,450,612.
Daily Average, Offenses Known to the Police, 1931-36.
Information concerning annual crime trends is of great significance
to students of the crime problem. Such data are made available in
table 3. The figures are based on the reports received from the police
departments of 68 cities each with more than 100,000 inhabitants.
The combined population of those cities in 1930 was 18,544,174. The
latest available figures (estimated as of July 1, 1933, by the Bureau
of the Census) indicate that the population of those cities has increased
to 19,063,102. In interpreting the crime figures presented in table 3
consideration should be given to the population change wliich has
occurred in the cities represented.
The compilation shows a decrease in the number of cases of murder
and nonnogligent manslaughter but does not show a corresponding
decrease in the number of offenses of aggravated assault. Generally,
it may be expected that the figures for those two types of crimes would
show similar trends. The figures for murder and nonnegligent man-
slaughter represent willful felonious homicides, and it should be noted
that much of the decrease shown for the first c^uarter of 1936 may be
attributable to the fact that during 1935 it was determined that some
police departments had been including homicides which were excusable
in character. Instances of this sort, such as the killing of a felon who
was resisting arrest by a police ofiicer, and killing in self-defense by
private individuals htive doubtless been more generally excluded from
the crime reports during the first quarter of 1936, with a resultant
decrease in tlie number of felonious homicides reported.
During the 6-year period covered by the compilation, there have
been genertd decreases in the number of robberies and auto thefts
reported, and the reductions have been quite substantitd. With refer-
ence to burglary and larceny, it may be noted that the figures evidence
an irregular variation, although the figures for the first quarter of
1936 show a decrease as compared witli the corresponding period of
1935.
The cases listed under the heading of "manslaughter by negligence"
consist largely of automobile fatalities, and it will be observed that
the figure for the first quarter of 1936 is substantially lower than for
preceding periods. This should be treated as due to a change in the
procedure employed in scoring violations of this type rather than as
a decrease in the number of offenses committed. In 1934 it was ascer-
tained that quite a number of the police departments had listed as
actual offenses of negligent manslaughter all cases of automobile fatali-
ties, whereas in recent periods considerable stress has been placed upon
the fact that deaths resulting from automobile accidents should be
carried under this classification only if the driver of the automobile
was guilty of gross criminal negligence.
The information included in table 3 is also graphically presented
in figure 1.
Table 3.— Daily average, offenses known to the police, 68 cities over 100,000,
January to March, inclusive, 1931-36
[Total population 19,063,102, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Year
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
Number of oSenses known:
1931
357
363
380
316
343
295
4.0
4.0
4.2
3.5
3.8
3.2
352
303
229
314
226
181
3.9
3.3
2.5
3.5
2.5
2.0
276
286
305
301
336
311
3.1
3.1
3.4
3.3
3.7
3.4
5,694
5,234
5,168
3,946
3,657
3,138
63.3
57.5
57.4
43.8
40.6
34.5
2,213
1,953
2,278
2,146
2,145
2,182
24.6
21.5
25.3
23.8
23.8
24.0
17, 520
19, 213
19, 903
18, 671
18, 571
16, 097
194.7
211.1
212.1
207.5
206.3
176.9
36, 612
36, 556
38, 711
39, 724
40, 683
36, 963
406.8
401.7
430.1
441.4
452.0
406.2
21, 560
1932
18, 492
1933
16, 993
1934
14, 077
1935.-
14, 474
1936
11,471
Daily average:
1931
239.6
1932
203.2
1933
188.8
1934
156.4
1935
160.8
1936 - --
126.1
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Location.
In table 4 there is presented information regarding the nmnber of
police departments whose reports were employed in the preparation
of figures representing crime rates for the individual States. This in-
formation is included here in order to show the number of such con-
tributors according to size of city, and it is believed it will be helpful
in evaluating the crune data for individual States, since table 1 has
indicated that there is a noticeable tendency for the large cities to
report higher crune rates than the smaller communities. It should
be further observed that in several instances the number of records
entering into the construction of State rates is quite limited. In
some cases the figures for individual States are based on reports from
only four or five police departments. Obviously, the crmie rates
based on such a limited number of records may differ considerably
from the figures which would result if reports were available from all
urban communities in the State.
In table 5 there are presented the crime rates for the individual
States, together with figures for nine geographic divisions of the
country.
ANNUAL CRIME TRENDS
OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE
I FOR CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND OVER 68 CITIES i POPULATION 19,063,102
PERIOD COVERED -JANUARY I, TO MARCH 31, INCLUSIVE, 1931-1936
UJ
<
(E
UJ
>
«*
>-
_l
<
a
sa
400
300
200
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
^BURGLARY - BREAKING OR ENTERING
.AGGRAVATED ASSAULT
MURDER - NONNEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER"
^
RAPE
-1931- -1932- -1933-
- 1934-
1935-
-1936-
FlGURE 1.
65836°— 36 2
8
Table 4. — Number of cities in each State ijicluded in the tabulation of uniform
crime reports, January to March, inclusive, 1936
Division and State
Population
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
New England: 168 cities; total population,
5,351,483
J,Iiddle Atlantic: 440 cities; total population,
18,097,399.
East North Central: 416 cities; total popula-
tion, 15,497,260
West North Central: 188 cities; total popula-
tion, 4,357,907
South Atlantic: i 102 cities; total population,
3,789,950
East South Central: 48 cities; total population,
1,731,860
■West South Central: 92 cities; total popula-
tion, 3,177,973
Mountain: 67 cities; total population, 1,106,017.
Pacific: 146cities; total population, 5,367,690..-.
New England:
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle Atlantic:
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
East North Central:
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
West North Central:
Minnesota .
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
South Atlantic:
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia
AVest Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
East South Central:
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Mississippi .
West South Central:
Arkansas.-
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
Mountain:
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Pacific:
Washington
Oregon
California
Over
250,000
100,000
to
250,000
50,000
to
100,000
12
10
10
21
22
6
10
4
6
11
3
2
6
8
3
25,000
to
50,000
22
27
45
10
14
9
4
11
1
1
10
3
7
10
14
6
11
6
8
10,000
to
25,000
57
120
96
50
25
16
20
1?.
38
6
3
2
35
4
8
43
29
48
28
14
25
17
12
11
6
5
G
12
9
4
25
Less
than
10,000
67
256
234
114
46
23
50
46
82
36
3
5
87
57
112
71
25
52
64
22
47
18
15
5
3
9
17
3
2
9
9
8
2
4
9
9
6
<i
2
4
7
21
18
7
7
3
11
1
3
11
3
5
10
67
Total
1 Includes District of Columbia.
Table 5. — Rate per 100,000, offenses known to the police, January to March^
inclusii'c, 1D36
Division and State
GEOGUAPHIC DIVISION
New England.
Middle Atlantic
East North Central-
West North Central..
South Atlantic'
East South Central-..
West South Central. .
Mountain
Pacific -
New England:
Maine
New Hampshire..
Vermont-
Massachusetts —
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle Atlantic:
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
East North Central:
Ohio-
Indiana.
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
West North Central:
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
South Atlantic:
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina...
South Carolina..
Georgia
Florida ,
East South Central:
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Mississippi
West South Central:
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma..
Texas
Mountain:
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona.
Utah
Nevada
Pacific:
Washington
Oregon
California
' Includes report of District of Columbia.
Murder,
Aggra-
vated
Burglary —
nonnegli-
Rape
Rob-
breaking
Larceny-
.\uto
gent man-
bery
or enter-
theft
theft
slaughter
ing
0.2
1.3
3.8
2.4
61.0
91.4
40.0
.9
1.8
7.5
7.9
30.2
52.0
26.6
1.0
1.5
24.5
7.4
74.9
146.4
38.1
.9
1. 1
13.8
3.7
66.1
176.6
49.7
•1.0
2.0
23.2
37.0
124.8
291.1
68.3
4.9
.9
28.2
31.8
132. 9
200.5
58.8
3.4
1.4
19.2
19. 2
118.6
331.3
60.1
2.4
1.5
15.2
4.7
97.1
271.5
64.5
1.0
2.6
15. 5
6.0
132.2
276.5
97.7
.4
.4
5.8
4. 1
57.3
82.5
54.0
0
2.8
1.1
.6
51.4
62.0
7.8
0
5.0
0
0
10.0
23.7
13.7
.2
1.5
4.2
2.8
61.5
86.2
44.3
0
0
1.3
1.9
34.7
98.8
14.4
2
.6
4.3
1.4
80.5
118.6
43.8
.9
1.9
4.3
6.9
18.7
42.5
23.5
.(')
1.7
9.0
12.4
69.1
101.4
:i3. 0
1.0
1.7
13.0
7.8
35.9
49.8
30.0
1.0
.9
18.2
8.0
78.4
188.7
48.1
1.6
1.0
17.1
9.1
84.4
184.0
56.5
1.2
.9
43.2
8.1
9i8.0
89.7
28.3
.fi
3.4
16.6
7.2
51.6
181.1
40.9
. 5
1. 1
2.9
1.7
26.6
101.8
17.4
.5
.5
10.6
2.1
66.5
97.2
63.5
.3
1.0
8.9
1.6
61.0
163.2
43.4
1.4
1.4
17.4
7.2
64.5
251.4
40.2
1.9
0
11.4
3.8
78. 9
117.8
22.8
1.9
9.3
10.2
0
48. 1
117.6
65.7
.5
.5
13.9
1.2
36. 0
117.7
69.2
1.7
.8
20. 3
4.9
97.6
272.8
35.3
1.7
.8
3.3
10.9
56.9
128. 9
53.6
1.0
2. 1
19.6
2.6
72.0
107. 2
,50.3
4.5
4.5
19.1
60.2
141.8
404. 8
72.7
2.6
1.4
10.6
17.8
82.3
186.0
35.0
7.2
1.0
18.2
131.6
139. 5
250. 5
65.5
4.2
0
1.5.8
37.4
.30.8
420.7
11.6
6.2
.4
10.9
25. 0
11,5. 1
411.9
.50.7
8.9
1.4
36.0
45.7
259.1
489.4
101.0
2.8
.8
29.8
31.7
161.0
252.0
54.5
7.6
1.3
39.6
41.3
133.3
128.6
78.9
3.7
.6
16. 8
21.4
121.6
256. n
4M.4
5.2
0
8.7
26.2
47.2
110.2
16.6
1.4
. 7
26.3
25.6
123. 3
314. 5
40.9
4.1
1.3
13.8
28.4
68.4
142.7
43.6
2.1
1.4
26.7
9.1
113.7
307. 3
3,5.6
3.8
1.4
IK. 0
18.6
141. 1
421.2
77.9
2.1
2.1
4.3
3.2
48.0
232.8
21.4
3.2
3.2
7.9
7.9
52.2
177.3
34.8
1.6
1.6
6.6
4.9
.54.4
245. 5
34.6
2.6
1.8
1.5.6
3.0
103. 3
268.1
44.7
0
0
12.8
1.8
118.8
380.2
:14.7
3.8
1.0
39.2
13.4
154.8
395.7
216.9
1.6
1.0
12.0
3.1
97.1
225. 5
74.1
2.6
0
15.7
13.1
88.8
342.3
101.9
1.5
.2
11.5
6.1
169.8
264.3
76.4
.4
.4
25.0
2.2
1,55. 4
321.4
68.3
.9
3.3
15.2
6.4
121.9
274.0
105.3
Data for Individual Cities.
Crime data for States and for the entire Nation are essential to indi-
viduals and oro;anizations studying tlio problem of crime from the
viewpoint of a State or of the entire country, and compilations designed
to present such information are included in this bulletin. However,
10
the handling of crime is largely a problem to be solved by each indi-
vidual city and a maximum degree of success wiU be obtained if the
public generally is informed concerning the nature and extent of the
local crime problem. In order to make such data readily available
to interested individuals and civic organizations there is presented
in the following table the number of offenses reported hj the poUce
departments of individual cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants
during the fu-st quarter of 1936.
It doubtless will be desirable for a local community to make a com-
parison between its figures and the average figures for cities with
approximately the same population. Such average figures may be
found in table 1. It is hkewise important to consider whether the
amount of known crime in a given city is increasing or decreasing in
comparison with prior periods. Figures for the first quarter of 1934
and 1935 may be found in volume V, number 1 and volume VI, num-
ber 1, respectively, of this publication.
It is suggested that comparisons between the figures of two or more
individual cities should be made with great caution, because there
may be present a large number of peculiar local conditions which
may cause the crime rate in a community to be above or below average.
More thought should be given to the question whether the amount of
known crime approximates a satisfactory standard for the individual
community, considering all of the local factors affecting the problem
which may be operative in other communities to a greater or lesser
degree. It should definitely be remembered that on the whole,
crime is a community problem chargeable to the entire community
rather than to law-enforcement officials only.
In examining a compilation of crime figures for individual com-
munities it should be borne in mind that in view of the fact that the
data are compiled by different record departments operating under
separate and distinct administrative systems, it is entirely possible
that there may be variations in the practices employed in classifying
complaints of offenseg. On the other hand, the crime reporting man-
ual has been distributed to all contributors of crime reports and the
figures received are included in this bulletin only if they apparently
have been compiled in accordance with the provisions of the manual,
and the individual department has so indicated.
Table 6. — Number of offenses known to the police, January to March, inclusive, 1936
City
Akron, Ohio
Albany, N. Y.
Baltimore, Md
Birmingham, Ala...
Boston, Mass
Bridgeport, Conn...
Buffalo, N. Y
Cambridge, Mass...
Camden, N. J
Canton, Ohio
Chattanooga, Tenn.
Chicago, 111
Cincinnati, Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio
Columbus, Ohio
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
1
3
9
11
2
(2)
51
11
18
2
Rape
16
2
25
8
2
11
{')
29
9
5
4
Rob-
bery
32
3
174
56
54
10
35
8
35
36
40
1,967
73
279
100
Aggra-
vated
assault
(0
34
11
9
39
40
1
46
6
41
35
352
71
42
28
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
267
110
624
469
308
101
188
74
119
120
215
,100
285
534
507
Larceny— theft
$50 and
over
71
16
163
141
212
46
58
17
66
0)
40
744
146
48
142
Under
$50
330
140
691
774
468
161
293
100
70
218
346
2,475
963
1,983
724
Auto
theft
62
86
424
128
695
60
210
105
£7
49
96
915
188
624
243
' Larcenies not separately reported. Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
'Not reported.
11
Table 6. — Number of offenses known to the police, January to March, inclusive,
1936 — Continued
City
Dallas, Tex
Dayton, Ohio -.
Denver, Colo
Des Moines, Iowa
Detroit, Mich --.
Duluth, Minn
Elizabeth, N.J.
El Paso, Tex
Erie, Pa _--
Evansville, Ind
Fall River, Miuss
Flint, Mich
Fort Wayne, Ind
Fort Worth, Tex
Gary, Ind
Grand Rapids, Mich..
Hartford, Conn...
Houston, Tex
Indianapolis, Ind
Jacksonville, Fla
Kansas City, Kans
Knoxville, Tenn
Long Beach, Calif
Los Angeles, Calif
Louisville, Ky
Lowell, Mass
Lynn, Mass
Memphis, Tenn
Miami, Fla
Milwaukee, Wis
Minneapolis, Minn
Nashville, Tenn
Newark, N. J
New Bedford, Mass...
New Haven, Conn
New Orleans, La
New York, N.Y
Norfolk, Va
Oakland, Calif
Oklahoma City, Okla.
Omaha, Nebr
Paterson, N. J —
Peoria, 111
Philadelphia, Pa
Pittsburgh, Pa
Portland, Oreg
Providence, R. I
Reading, Pa
Richmond, Va
Rochester, N. Y
St. Louis, Mo
St. Paul, Minn
Salt Lake City, Utah.
San Antonio, Tex
San Diego, Calif
San Francisco, Calif..
Scranton, Pa
Seattle, Wash
Somerville, Mass
South Bend, Ind
Spokane, Wash
Springfield, Mass
Syracuse, N. Y
Tacoma, Wash
Tampa, Fla
Toledo, Ohio
Tulsa, Okla
Utica, N. Y
Washington, D. C
Waterbury, Conn
Wichita, Kans
Wilmington, Del
Worcester, Mass
Yonkers, N. Y
Youngstown, Ohio
Murder,
uonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
10
10
1
13
1
5
2
2
1
U
10
9
2
9
1
24
6
2
20
11
2
4
15
2
23
85
7
5
2
3
3
22
3
6
2
15
1
3
8
1
1
12
I{apo
1
3
12
2
2
1
7
2
4
1
3
81
3
1
4
1
8
168
4
5
1
1
2
30
18
2
14
11
2
2
5
3
4
1
2
liob-
bery
53
17
50
31
3()S
7
12
14
10
14
4
29
12
24
33
7
78
109
44
00
19
16
296
70
3
1
156
70
4
60
61
54
4
7
55
350
37
58
68
38
18
4
170
303
92
5
10
39
8
151
48
21
97
19
87
8
57
2
15
25
4
14
5
8
52
52
4
247
4
6
3
5
2
63
Aggra-
vated
assault
81
25
12
4
181
7
13
6
5
2
32
2
8
32
5
5
42
58
26
9
11
13
94
71
137
148
16
8
96
116
1
5
133
564
62
32
22
3
23
8
203
45
9
8
6
213
10
66
12
5
72
7
56
14
24
2
18
4
4
11
25
18
2
72
1
5
12
4
10
30
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
426
162
301
133
776
81
103
71
91
71
101
156
94
252
79
119
171
541
501
280
209
165
300
2, 082
635
79
129
435
452
138
324
121
298
93
256
253
574
262
380
230
61
149
107
631
423
573
108
30
370
190
431
305
169
422
00
437
82
923
42
87
139
81
120
146
102
373
194
81
721
75
117
06
I S3
31
173
Larceny— theft
$50 and
over
48
8
86
8
171
28
17
8
13
9
7
41
15
15
5
0
40
100
(')
161
(')
40
68
091
121
7
23
07
39
48
85
102
87
15
29
102
11
48
15
6
12
9
229
139
143
16
22
129
32
0)
52
35
215
32
(')
17
88
13
33
45
26
19
12
44
102
48
18
294
14
16
32
54
0
13
Under
$50
2,049
534
488
332
3, 573
153
89
244
71
200
40
350
219
096
84
202
323
1,028
1,180
698
207
120
408
2, 425
695
52
171
169
363
594
312
145
769
168
235
251
1,889
518
930
579
114
40
37
541
200
905
221
9 J
1,039
320
2, 329
312
348
683
167
1,785
97
771
00
86
450
218
216
162
172
(2)
4.39
92
1,481
44
497
111
59
27
300
Auto
theft
339
100
140
129
751
24
37
31
76
108
42
100
45
82
48
47
89
253
313
85
41
143
139
1,695
193
19
36
125
214
89
509
ISO
255
19
148
236
1,576
84
291
69
108
88
69
556
335
239
39
34
223
123
328
183
136
358
157
909
44
371
35
57
58
63
89
57
21
215
61
36
592
62
34
62
114
46
235
• Larcenies not separately reported.
2 Not reported.
Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
12
Offenses Known to Sheriffs, State Police, and Other Rural Officers, 1936.
Available data concerning the amount of crime committed in rural
portions of the United States are presented in table 7. As indicated,
the compilation is based on reports received from 539 sheriffs, 12 State
police units, and 98 police agencies in villages (places with less than
2,500 inhabitants). For comparative purposes the following tabula-
tion indicates the percentage distribution of urban and rural crimes:
Offense
Total
Larceny
Burglary. -_
Auto theft.
Percent
Urban
Rural
100.0
100.0
50.6
24.3
15.3
45.2
30.6
10.1
OlTense
Robbery
A ssault
Rape
Murder
Negligent manslaughter
Percent
Urban Rural
5.2
3.3
.5
.5
.3
4.9
5.2
1.8
1.2
1.0
The above comparison indicates that 9.2 percent of the rural crimes
consisted of offenses against the person (homicide, rape, and aggra-
vated assault), whereas 4.6 percent of the urban crimes were of those
types. Part of the difference in the proportion of reported crimes
against the person may be due to the fact that some of the reports
representing rural cruues indicate the possibility that they were limited
to instances in which arrests were made. Incompleteness of this sort
in the reports of rural crhnes would naturally tend to increase the
percentage of reported crimes against the person in view of the fact
that such offenses are more generally followed by arrests than are
offenses against property.
Table 7. — Offenses known, January to March 1936, inclusive, as reported by 539
sheriffs, 12 State police units, and 98 village officers
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
break -
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny—
theft
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
Offenses known.v
168
135
247
654
698
4,110
6,091
1,361
Offenses Known in the Possessions of the United States.
In table 8 there are shown available data concerning the number
of offenses known to law-enforcement agencies in the possessions of
the United States. The tabulation includes reports from Hawaii
County, Honolulu (city and county). Territory of Hawaii; the Canal
Zone; and Puerto Rico. The figures are based on both urban and
rural areas and the population figures from the 1930 decennial census
are indicated in the table.
With reference to the figures presented for the Canal Zone, it
should be noted that the Federal Bureau of Investigation has been
advised that less than one-third of the persons arrested for offenses
13
committed in the Canal Zone are residents thereof. It appears,
therefore, that a large ])roportion of tlie crime committed in the
Canal Zone is attributable to transients and other nonresidents.
T.\BLB 8. — Number of offenses known in United Stales possessions, January to
March, 1936
[Population figures from Federal Census, Apr. 1, 1930]
Criminal
homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
I^arceny—
theft
Jurisdiction reporting
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Over
$50
Under
$50
Auto
theft
Hawaii:
Hawaii County, popula-
tion, 73,325; number of
ofTenses known
2
1
1
91
6
34
5
3
1
10
4
1
14
1
8
485
2
325
22
120
1
33
1
47
33
463
49
931
3
Honolulu, city and county,
copulation, 202,923; num-
ber of offenses known
Isthmus of Panama:
Canal Zone, population,
39,367; number of oflenses
known
83
6
Puerto Rico:
Population, 1,543,913; num-
ber of oflenses known. . . .
33
Data from Supplementary Offense Reports.
Supplementary offense reports are distributed to the police depart-
ments of cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. The report
forms provide for the listing of more detailed information concerning
the major offenses committed. In tables 9, 9-A, and 9-B are pre-
sented data compiled from the supplementary reports received from
the police departments of 3G cities with an aggregate population of
13,069,897. Table 9 reveals that of 3,228 robberies reported, 60.7
percent were committed on city highways. In addition, 34.4 percent
were robberies of commercial establislmients. Only 1.9 percent (60)
of the 3,228 robberies reported occurred in private residences (see
p. 2 for an explanation of the technical difference between robbery
and burglary).
In the 36 cities represented in table 9, 12,245 burglaries were com-
mitted during the first c[uarter of 1936. Slightly less than half of
them were burglaries of dwelling places. More than three-fourths
(77.5 percent) of the 12,245 burglaries were committed during the
night. However, 36 percent of the burglaries of residences occurred
during the day, whereas only 9.6 percent of burglaries of other places
were committed in the daytime. The comparatively large propor-
tion of daylight burglaries of residences is probably due to the fact
that in urban communities residences are frequently unoccupied
during the daytime.
In table 9, 20,691 larcenies are listed and of them 274 were cases
of pocket-picking and 787 were instances of purse-snatching. The
remaining 19,630 rei)resent miscellaneous larcenies exclusive of auto
thefts.
14
Table 9. — Number of known offenses with divisions as to the nature of the criminal
act, time and place of commission, and value of property stolen, January to March,
inclusive, 1936; 36 cities over 100,000
[Total population, 13,069,897, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Classification
Number
of actual
offenses
Classification
Number
of actual
offenses
Rape:
Forcible
98
65
Larceny— theft (except auto theft)
(grouped according to value of article
stolen) :
Over $50
Statutory-, - _
2,689
12, 709
Total
163
$5 to $50
Under iSS
5,293
Robbery:
Highway .
1,959
855
214
40
60
1
99
Total.
20, 691
Larceny— theft (grouped as to type of
offense) :
Pocket-picking
Oil station _ _. .
Chain store - - - .
Residence .
274
Bank .
Purse-snatching
787
Miscellaneous .
All other
19, 630
Total
Total
3,228
20, 691
Burglary — breaking or entering:
Residence (dwelling):
Committed during night
Committed during day
3,827
2,156
5,658
604
All other (store, office, etc.):
Committed during night
Committed during day .__
Total
12, 245
The figures presented in table 9-A show that there were 5,671
automobiles reported stolen during the first quarter of 1936 by the
police departments of the 36 cities represented. Stolen automobiles
recovered during the period numbered 5,442, wliich is 96 percent of
the nmnber stolen.
Table 9-A. — Recoveries o^ stolen automobiles, January to March, inclusive, 1936;
36 cities over 100,000
[Total population, 13,069,897, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Number of automobiles stolen 5, 671
Number of automobiles recovered 5, 442
Percentage recovered 96. 0
In table 9-B is presented information concerning the value of
property stolen and the value of property recovered during the first
3 months of 1936. The value of property recovered ($2,242,512.77)
constituted 60.3 percent of the value of property stolen ($3,717,413.29)
during the first quarter of 1936. It will be noted that automobiles
constitute 53.5 percent of the stolen property classified as to value.
Exclusive of automobiles the value of property stolen during the first
quarter of the year was $1,728,558.29, and the value of property re-
covered was $374,382.77.
15
Table 9-B. — Value of property stolen and value of property recovered vnth divi-
sions as to type of property involved, January to March, inclusive, 1936: 36
cities over 100,000
[Total population. 13,069.897, as estimated July I. 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Type of property
Value of
properly
stolen
Value of
property
recovered
Currt^iicv, notes, etc
$405, 496. 55
518, 780. 65
75, 643. 20
237, 107. 93
1, 988, 855. 00
491, 529. 96
$48, 819. 45
J ewelrv and urecious metals . .
86, 006. 08
Furs
7,617. 15
(^lothing.. _.
54, 810. 97
Locallv stolen automobiles ...
1, 868, 130. 00
Miscellaneous . .
177, 129. 12
Total -
3.717,413.29
2, 242, 512. 77
658:16°— .^G-
ANNUAL RETURNS, 1935
The system of uniform crime reporting employed in compiling
national police statistics provides for the preparation of annual
reports to be forwarded to the FBI based on the number of offenses
known, offenses cleared by arrest, the number of persons held for
prosecution, and the number of persons arrested but later released
without being caused to face criminal charges. Tabulations presented
on the preceding pages are based on the monthly offense reports re-
ceived during the first quarter of 1936. However, the following com-
pilations represent information included in the annual reports re-
ceived from police departments for the calendar year 1935.
It should be noted that in the annual offense report the unit for
scoring purposes is the offense, whereas in the report of persons
arrested the unit is the individual involved.
Offenses Known and Offenses Cleared by Arrest, 1935.
In table 10 there is shown the number of offenses reported for the
calendar year 1935 by the police departments of 898 cities with an
aggregate population of 33,023,732. The number of offenses dis-
posed of by arrest is also shown in the table. The figures are also
presented for the cities divided into six groups according to size.
Under the system of uniform crime reporting, it is proper to score
an ofl'ense as cleared when one of the offenders has been apprehended
and made available for prosecution even though there were two or
more jointly involved in the commission of the offense. In other
words, the figures relative to the number of offenses ''cleared by arrest"
represent the number of offenses in each of which at least one of the
offenders has been apprehended and made available for prosecution.
In addition, the figures include instances in which the offenses have
been cleared by exceptional circumstances, such as the suicide of the
offender, etc. Exceptional clearances are limited to instances in
which the offender is known to the police but for reasons beyond the
control of the police it is not possible to make him available for
prosecution.
Relative to the figures showing the percentage of offenses disposed
of by arrest, it may be pertinent to note that there are instances in
which the police clear the crimes by arresting the guilty individuals
but they are unable to take credit for such clearances in their statistical
reports due to the fact that it is not possible for them to produce
proof that the individuals arrested were responsible for the crimes and
because the persons arrested did not confess thereto, even though
they had been convicted of one or more other violations. This factor
would tend to cause the figures relative to offenses disposed of by
arrest to be conservative.
Table 10 discloses that the proportion of cleared cases is much
larger for offenses against the person than for offenses against
property.
The annual offense reports for 1935 also include information con-
cerning the number of offenses committed prior to 1935 which were
disposed of by arrest during that year. This information is presented
in table 11.
16
17
The data in table 12 are presented in order to show the relationship
between the number of offenses known, the number of offenses dis-
posed of by arrest, and the number of persons held for ])iose(ution.
In examininp; the figures in table 12 relative to the number of offenses
cleared by arrest, it should be noted that they represent all offenses
so disposed of during 1935 even though the offenses were committed
prior to that year. In other words, the figures include the cleared
cases listed in table 10 and those listed in table 11. The information
presented in table 12 should be interpreted as follows: With reference
to group I cities, of each 100 known offenses of murder and non-
negligent manslaughter 82 were disposed of by arrest (including
exceptional clearances). In connection with those cases 86 persons
were arrested and held for prosecution. The tabulation shows that
for all offense classes except criminal homicide, rape, and aggravated
assault the number of persons charged was less than the number of
offenses cleared by arrest. The figures for individual population
groups disclose, however, certain variations from that general rela-
tionship.
With reference to the figures for manslaughter by negligence, it
will be observed that the number of persons held for prosecution
exceeds the number of known offenses. This is doubtless the result
of the practice in many communities of taking into custody and
charging with manslaughter the operator of an automobile which
had been involved in a fatal accident. In a large number of those
cases it is subsequently found that the driver of the vehicle was not
guilty of criminal negligence, and no offense of that character is
included in the report of known offenses. However, the person
was arrested and made available to the authorities responsible for
taking prosecutive action, and the circumstances have been repre-
sented by entries showing that the operator of the vehicle was, taken
into custody and made available for prosecution.
Portions of the data appearing in table 12 are also presented
graphically in figure 2.
18
Table 10. — Offenses known, offenses cleared by arrest, and percentage of offenses
cleared by arrest, 1935, by -population groups
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Population group
GKOUP I
23 cities over 250,000; total popula-
tion, 14, 240,400:
Number of offenses known
Number of offenses cleared by
arrest
Percentage of offenses cleared
by arrest .--
GROUP n
36 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 5,098,915:
Number of offenses known
Number of offenses cleared by
arrest - .
Percentage of offenses cleared
by arrest
GROUP HI
59 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total
population, 3,949,298:
Number of offenses known
Number of offenses cleared by
arrest
Percentage of offenses cleared
by arrest i
GROUP IV
97 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total pop-
ulation, 3, 377,970:
Number of offenses known
Number of offenses cleared by
arrest
Percentage of offenses cleared
by arrest
GROUP V
244 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total
population, 3,778,574:
Number of offenses known
Number of offenses cleared by
arrest
Percentage of offenses cleared
by arrest
GROUP VI
439 cities under 10,000; total popu-
lation, 2,578,575:
Number of offenses known
Number of offenses cleared by
arrest-
Percentage of offenses cleared
by arrest---
Total, 898 cities; total population,
33,023,732:
Number of offenses known
Number of offenses cleared by
arrest- -
Percentage of offenses cleared
by arrest
Criminal
homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
997
785
78.7
329
289
87.8
198
173
B7.4
123
108
87.8
127
108
85.0
79
69
87.3
1,853
1,532
82.7
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
631
397
62.9
282
200
70.9
144
130
90.3
113
106
93.8
117
103
88.0
95
80
84.2
1,382
1,016
73.5
Rape
1,157
734
63.4
392
336
85.7
195
179
91.8
203
182
89.7
260
237
91.2
168
153
91.1
2,375
1,821
76.7
Rob-
bery
18, 164
7,273
40.0
2,824
1,032
36.5
1,717
596
34.7
1,461
482
33.0
1,001
329
32.9
594
259
43.6
25, 761
9,971
38.7
Aggra-
vated
assault
6,990
4,155
59.4
2,755
1,913
69.4
2,106
1.805
85.7
1,070
918
85.8
961
852
88.7
469
412
14, 351
10, 055
70.1
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
Lar-
ceny—
theft
mg
56, 686
119, 720
18,643
29, 212
32.9
24.4
21, 925
51, 145
5,855
11, 664
26.7
22.8
13, 277
33, 166
3,241
7,989
24.4
24.1
10, 994
26, 981
3.036
7,767
27.6
28.8
9,866
24, 291
2,748
6,943
27.9
28.6
5,772
12, 028
1,616
4,110
28.0
34.2
118,520
267, 331
35, 139
67, 685
29.6
25.3
Auto
theft
41, 732
5,337
12.8
15,090
3,015
20. a
7,914
1,323
16.7
6,853
1,349
19.7
5,510
1,147
20.8
2,388
721
30.2
79, 487
12, 892
16.2
19
Table 1 1 . — Number of offenses cleared by arrest during 1.03' which were reported
during some prior year as not cleared
Population group
Oroup I
Oroup II
Group III
Group IV....
Group V...
Group VI
Total, groups I-VI
Criminal
hoiiiicide
Murder,
nonnes;-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
36
3
5
3
3
4
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
54
Rape
37
51
Rob-
bery
,604
11
34
27
35
17
1,728
Agpra-
viited
as-
sault
46
2
35
5
2
2
92
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
1,631
;75
]4'J
140
191
51
2,337
Lar-
cenv—
theft
1,260
127
384
205
204
51
2,231
Auto
theft
127
63
42
52
59
21
354
20
RELATION BETWEEN OFFENSES
KNOWN, OFFENSES CLEARED,
AND PERSONS CHARGED
(HELD FOR PROSECUTION)
1935
MURDER, N0NNE6LIGENT MANSLAUGHTER
OFFENSES KNOWN
OFFENSES CLEARED
PERSONS CHARGED
AGGRAVATED ASSAULT
OFFENSES CLEARED
PERSONS CHARGED
BURGLARY
OFFENSES KNOWN
OFFENSES CLEARED
PERSONS CHARGED
LARCENY
OFFENSES KNOWN
OFFENSES CLEARED
PERSONS CHARGED
AUTO THEFT
OFFENSES KNOWN
OFFENSES CLEARea
PERSONS CHARGED
100.0
85 6
90 8
100 0
70 7
70 7
100 0
4 1 5
29 8
100 0
3 1 6
20 5
100.0
26.2
22 6
100.0
1 6,7
1 3.0
Figure 2.
21
Table 12. — Offenses known, offenses cleared by arrest, and persons charged (held
for prosecution) , 1935. Number per 100 known offenses.
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Population group
GROUP I
23 cities over 250.000; total popula-
tion, 14,240,400:
Offenses known...
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged...
GROUP II
36 cities, 100,000 to 2.50,000; total
population, .'i,0!)8,91.5:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
GROUP rii
59 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total
population, 3,949,298:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
GROUP IV
97 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total pop-
ulation. 3,377,970:
Offenses known..
Oflensf.s cleared by arrest
Persons charged
GROUP V
244 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total pop-
ulation, 3,778,574:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
GROUP VI
439 cities under 10,000; total popu-
lation, 2,.578,.'")75:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
TOTAL, GROUPS I- VI
898 cities; total population, 33,-
023,732:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
Criminal
homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
100. 0
82.3
86.1
100.0
88.8
99. 1
100.0
89.9
92.9
100.0
90.2
105. 7
100.0
87.4
91.3
100.0
92.4
86.1
100.0
85.6
90. S
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
100.0
63. 1
133. 1
100.0
70.9
89.4
100.0
91.0
97.2
100.0
94.7
96.5
100.0
88.0
91.5
100.0
8.5.3
85.3
100.0
73.8
110.6
Rape
100.0
66. 6
70.9
100.0
85.7
88.5
100.0
94.4
97.4
100.0
90.6
99.5
100.0
93.5
105.0
100.0
91.7
93.5
!00. 0
7S. 8
S3. 7
Ri.b-
berv
100.0
43. 4
25. 5
100.0
36.9
43.6
100,0
36.7
32.6
100.0
34.8
34.4
100.0
36.4
44.1
100.0
46.5
52.9
100. 0
41.5
29.8
.•V gL' ni-
val ed
as-
sault
100. 0
m. I
.58. 8
100.0
f)9. 5
65. 8
100.0
87.4
89.3
100.0
86.3
87.9
100.0
88.9
100. 5
100 0
88. :{
94. 2
100.0
70.7
70.7
Bur-
glary—
t)reak-
ing or
enter-
int'
100.0
35.8
18.9
100.0
27. 5
20. 1
100.0
25. 5
20.2
100.0
28.9
23.2
100.0
29.8
24.8
100.0
28.9
■y.. 8
100.0
31.6
20.5
Lar-
ceny-
theft
100.0
25. 5
21.7
100.0
23. 1
20.7
100.0
25. 2
21^9
100.0
29. 5
25. 3
100.0
29.4
25. 7
100.0
;«. 6
28.0
100.0
26. 2
22.6
Auto
theft
100.0
12.8
10.4
100.0
20.3
14.9
100.0
17.4
12.5
100.0
17.6
15.5
100.0
21.9
17.8
100.0
31. 1
27.6
100.0
16.7
13.0
22
Persons Charged (Held for Prosecution), 1935.
The preceding tabulations based on annual reports submitted by
police departments have been set out for the purpose of indicating
the relationship between the number of actual offenses committed
and police effectiveness in detecting the offenders and presenting
them to the proper authorities for prosecution. In addition, there
has been prepared a tabulation showing the number of persons made
available by the poUce for prosecution.^ This information is pre-
sented in table 14. In some instances it was found that separate
figures were not available for persons charged with violation of road
and driving laws, parking violations, and violations of other traffic
and motor vehicle laws. Therefore, the classification ''traffic and
motor vehicle laws" includes all persons charged with those types of
violations, and a separate compilation of those data is presented in
table 14-A for instances in which detailed figures were submitted.
The percentage relationship of the number of persons charged with
all types of violations is shown in table 13. It wiU be found upon
examination of the figures presented in tables 13 and 14 that of the
total number of persons held for prosecution, 2,344,728 (81.1 percent)
were charged with the following offenses: TraflSc and motor vehicle
laws, 1,577,596 (54.6 percent); drunkenness, 533,609 (18.5 percent);
disorderly conduct, 157,274 (5.4 percent); vagrancy, 76,249 (2.6
percent). This relationship may vary slightly for individual popu-
lation groups.
Persons charged for the more serious types of violations are shown
in the table as follows:
Murder 1, 682 Stolen property (receiving,
Manslaughter by negligence. _ 1,529 etc.) 3,874
Robbery 7,683 Forgery and counterfeiting 3,488
Aggravated assault 10,149 Rape 1,989
Burglary 24,354 Narcotic drug laws 2,621
Larceny 60,301 Weapons (carrying, etc.) 5,956
Autotheft 10,302
Embezzlement and fraud 7, 488
Total 141,416
The table is based on reports of 898 cities having a total population
of 33,023,732, or more than one-quarter of the population of the
coimtrv.
The tables relative to the number of persons held for prosecution
and the number released without having been formally charged with
the commission of an offense are based on reports showing the number
of persons involved as distinguished from the number of charges
placed against persons taken into custody. In other words, if on
the occasion of a single arrest a person is charged vnih two diff'erent
offenses of burglary, he nevertheless would be shown in table 14 as
one person held for prosecution for burglary.
23
With reference to the data for vagrancy and disorderly conduct, it
is of some significance to note that it is the practice of some law-
enforcement agencies to place such charges in cases of arrests for
])rostitution and other forms of cojumercialized vice. In view thereof,
the figures in the table for the latter type of violation are probably
quite conservative.
Examination of the reports indicated that in a few instances the
figures for two or more ofl'ense classes had })oen combined. Such
grouping of the data generally occurred in connection with the offense
classes which were first included in the annual report of persons
arrested for 1933. Since the number of instances in wliich data for
two or more classes were combined was quite small, the unclassified
figures were divided among the separate classes in the ratio in which
data were reported by other cities in the same population group.
Figure 3 shows graphically the number (per 100,000 inhabitants)
of persons held for prosecution for some of the more serious types of
crimes.
Table 13. — Percentage distribution of persons charged {held for prosecution), 19S5
[898 cities; total population, 33,023,732]
Offense charged
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligent man-
slaughter
(6) Manslaughter by negligence . . .
Robbery _
Aggravated assault
O t her a-ssau I ts .._
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft. -
Autotheft...
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, pos-
sessing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Percent
0.06
.05
.27
.35
1.51
.84
2.09
.36
.26
.13
.12
.07
Offense charged
Prostitution and commercialized vice..
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against the family and children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Traffic and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
All other offenses
Total
Percent
1.24
.28
.09
.21
.64
.79
1.00
54.56
g. 44
18.45
2.64
1.41
7.14
100.00
24
in
rO
3
O
LJ
CO
O
CC
Q.
01
O
Q
_J
LlI
X
CO
o
if)
a:
UJ
Q.
CD
<
X
o t
O o
o
cc
CD
^^
25
Table 14. — Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1935; number and rates per
100,000, by population groups
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of tlie Census]
Group I
Group II
Group
III
Group
IV
Group
V
Group
VI
1
0
Offense charged
o "^
o ^
.Si
?5a
2 b
o
si
° 3
2 o
" c.
CO
gl
O 3
o —
lO o
HosT
"gs
"5
3 a
03
■0 c.
"a
III
0 „-
!1
•sis
to '":.
•^ 04 CO
0 10
0 10
Ooo
3 0
m 0.
in
M
■||
0
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligent
manslaughter:
Number of persons
charged
858
6.0
840
5.9
4,637
32.6
4,108
28.8
17, 764
124.7
10, 732
75.4
26,005
182.6
4,359
30.0
4,374
30.7
1, 876
13.2
1,379
9.7
820
5.8
25, 652
180.1
3, 725
26.2
1,704
12.0
2,816
19.8
8,711
61.2
6,137
43.1
7,416
52.1
326
6.4
252
4.9
1,230
24.1
1,813
35.6
9,252
181.5
4,404
86.4
10, 588
207.7
3 2, 253
45.6
1,101
21.6
833
16.3
625
12.3
347
6.8
6,506
127.6
1,731
33.9
537
10.5
1,047
20.5
« 4, 495
92.6
« 6, 563
135.2
5,046
99.0
184
4.7
140
3.0
559
14.2
1,880
47.6
4,487
113.6
2,677
67.8
7,268
184.0
986
25.0
618
15.6
332
8.4
434
11.0
190
4.8
1,751
44.3
894
22.6
153
3.9
782
19.8
1,400
35.7
3,203
81.1
3,789
95.9
130
3.8
109
3.2
502
14.9
940
27.8
5,736
169.8
2,546
75.4
6,821
201.9
1,065
31.5
578
17.1
314
9.3
350
10.4
202
6.0
1,217
36.0
897
26.6
110
3.4
523
15.5
1,861
55.1
3,068
90.8
3,889
11.5.1
116
3.1
107
2.8
441
11.7
966
25.6
4,073
107.8
2,447
64.8
1 6, 248
166.5
979
25.9
561
14.8
329
8.7
415
11.0
273
7.2
527
13.9
653
17.3
59
1.6
475
12.6
1,374
36.4
2,396
6.3.4
4,924
130,3
68
2.6
81
3.1
314
12.2
442
17.1
2,442
94.7
1,548
60.0
3,371
130.7
660
25.6
258
10.0
190
7.4
285
11.1
157
6.1
281
10.9
335
13.0
52
2.0
313
12.1
644
25.0
1,552
60.2
3,809
147.7
1 682
Rate per 100,000
5 I
(6) Manslaughter by negligence:
Number of persons
charged
1 529
Rate per 100,000
4 6
Robbery:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
7,683
23 3
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
10, 149
30 7
Other assaults:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 __
43,754
132 5
Burglary— breaking or entering:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 .-.
24, 354
73 7
Larceny— theft:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000...
2 60, 301
182 7
Autotheft:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
< 10, 302
31 3
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
7,488
22 7
Stolen property; buying, receiving,
possessing:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
3,874
11 7
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
3,488
10 6
Rape:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
1,989
6 0
Prostitution and commercialized
vice:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
35, 934
108 8
Sex offenses (except rape and pros-
titution):
Number of persons charged -
Rate per 100,000
8,235
24 9
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
2,621
7 9
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc.:
Number of jjer.sons charged
Rate per 100,000
5,956
18 0
Offenses against family and children ;
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
« 18, 494
56 4
Liquor laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
• 22, 919
69 9
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of i)er.sons charged
Rate per 100,000
28,873
87.4
See footnotes at end of table.
26
Table 14. — Persons charged {held for prosecution), 1935; number and rates per
100,000, by population groups — Continued
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Offense charged
Traffic and motor vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Drunkenness:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Gambling:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
All other offenses:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Group I
o ''I
.2 03
.■S3
" ft
'853,339
7, 229. 5
83, 148
583.9
226, 595
1, 591. 2
39, 089
274. 5
21,816
153.2
105, 769
742.7
Group II
Group
III
Group
IV
Group
V
Group
VI
2 a
o
2 a
o
2 a
o
2 c
o
o.od
o l^
82
ss
§:s
o ti
°3
o 3
Ra
o. 3
I-CJ
<=> ft
o ft
a ft
O ft
a> .
2 o
>o o
<N o
" o
•a a
^ ft
ft
ft
a
a o
lO
m =>
3-S
.2o "^
.2°^.
•2ofe
•^ ^»o
w C3
-^ O 00
■7^ O 00
"go
"ss
"0.6;
«f--
O o
C^ lO
f-HJO
»o eo
-* W M
Ol ft
CO
o>
r-
n
lO
Oi
OJ
-^
8 305,402
150, 792
9 99, 704
10 103, 053
" 65, 306
6, 599. 7
3, 818. 2
2, 983. 7
2, 791. 0
2, 567. 5
26, 651
14, 609
10, 689
14, 174
8,003
522.7
369.9
316.4
375.1
310.4
104,900
59, 485
55, 515
54, 261
32, 853
2, 057. 3
1, 506. 2
1, 643. 4
1, 436. 0
1, 274. 1
17, 063
7,930
5, 249
4,525
2,393
334.6
200.8
155.4
119.8
92.8
6,882
5,176
3,370
2,419
1,103
135.0
131.1
99.8
64.0
42.8
37, 366
22, 073
20, 173
1 13, 172
7,994
732.8
558.9
597.2
350.4
310.0
3
ft
o
» cc
^ CO
03
o
121,577, 596
5, 266. 1
157, 274
476.2
533, 609
1,615.8
76, 249
230.9
40, 766
123.4
13 206, 547
625. 8
1-13 The number of persons charged and the
indicated below:
rate are based on the reports from the number of cities
Footnote
Cities
Population
Footnote
Cities
Population
Footnote
Cities
Population
1
243
897
35
897
35
3, 753, 674
32, 998, 832
4,941,915
32, 866, 732
4, 855, 415
6
897
20
33
96
32, 780, 232
11,803,600
4, 627, 544
3,341,570
10....
239
434
881
897
3, 692, 274
2
7
11
2, 543, 645
3
8...
12
13
29, 957, 831
4
9
33, 003, 932
5
In table 14-A there is presented information regarding the number
of persons made available for prosecution for committing the follow-
ing types of offenses: Violation of road and driving laws, parking vio-
lations, and other traffic and motor vehicle laws. The compilation is
based on reports of a smaller number of pohce departments than is
indicated in table 14. The figures in table 14-A have been Umited
to those instances in which it appeared that the data for the above
three classes had been properly compiled. In the reports which were
excluded it appeared probable that the information had not been
grouped in accordance with the procedure outlined. The nature of
the violations which should be included in each of the classes included
in table 14-A is as follows:
Violation of road and driving laws includes violations of the
regulations with respect to the proper handUng of a vehicle in order
to prevent accidents. Examples are failure to obey traffic signal,
improper speed, reckless driving, and operating with unsafe equipment.
Parking violations include all types of ^iolations of parking
regulations.
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws include violations not pro-
vided for in separate offense classes. Examples of cases to be listed
27
lioro are failure to secure proper license for car or for drivin<ij, leaving
scene of accident, lack of title, anil obscured or defective markers.
Table 14-A. — Persons charged (held for prosecution), 19S5; number and rates per
100,000, by population groups
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Censusl
Ofiense charged
Road and driving laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Parking violations:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Other trafflc and motor vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged.
Rale per 100,000
Group
Group
Group
Group
Group
Group
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
1
2A
2<a
2«
2o
tea
a
"3
3
■0.2
,000
pop
010
000
pop
309
,000
pop
,070
5 'S
o'3
3 rt
■B
> a
S ^
O O)
!Q 00
S a
a
O C <2
o
CO o
aS
S CO
to g CO
MCCO
2o"
.sag
citi
00;
1,04
citi
50,0
ion,
citi
00,0
ion,
cit
0,00
ion,
.t^ O CD
O O CO
OCT.
0"-l
C^ -J
m »j
-^ C^ CO
00
r-*
.-H
<N
I— t
IN
■o
Ol
IN
•*
236. 145
48,710
31,741
17,813
36, 104
25, 236
2, 138. 3
1,.W3. 4
941.2
560. 5
1,050.5
1,012.5
448, 561
164, 485
75, 778
56, 281
43, 532
15,235
4, 061. 8
5,211.8
2, 247. 1
1,770.9
1, 266. 6
611.3
85, 581
33, 627
14, 683
13. 663
16, 445
22, 104
774.9
1, 065. 5
435.4
429. 9
478.5
886.9
3
a
o
a
5=»-
".2
CO w
CO «
■a
*.»
o
E-1
395, 749
1,483.4
803, 872
3,013. 1
186, 103
697.6
Persons Released {Not Held for Prosecution), 193.').
The annual reports of persons arrested received from police depart-
ments throughout the United States include information concerning
persons taken into custody who were later released with no formal
charge having been placed against them. Data of this nature are
presented in tables 15 and 15-A. The comi^ilations are based on the
reports received from 472 cities with a combined population of
13,798,293. The number of cities represented is smaller than in
table 14 because some of the reports did not include data concerning
persons released. In some instances the reports definitely indicated
that information of this type was not available, and in other cases the
entries relative to persons released were limited to so few oft'ense
classes that it was assumed the figures were incomplete, and the
reports were not employed in this tabulation.
With reference to the classification "suspicion", it should be noted
that if a person was taken into custody because it was suspected that
he had been involved in the commission of a specific offense, his
arrest and subsequent release without being held for prosecution
should be listed opposite the offense class involved. Entries in
table 15 opposite "suspicion" should be limited to instances in which
persons were taken into custody because of circumstances which
caused the police to beheve that they had been involved in criminal
activities of some nature, although they were not taken into custody
in connection with any specific offense. From an examination of the
reports received it appears probable that in some instances the entries
have been placed opposite "suspicion" when they would have been
more properly listed opposite some other offense class, in accordance
with the foregoing explanation.
In table 15 data regarding violators of all types of traffic and motor
vehicle laws (except driving while intoxicated) have been included in
the class entitled "traffic and motor vehicle laws." In table 15-A
28
there is presented a tabulation which contains subdivisions in accord-
ance with the nature of the violations concerned.
The data presented in table 15 include instances in which persons
were taken into custody and released by the poUce either because it
was established that they were innocent of any wrong-doing, or
because the police were unable to obtain sufficient evidence upon which
to base criminal charges. In addition, the tabulation includes
instances in which juveniles were arrested and subsequently released
without being held for prosecution, even though it had been definitely
estabUshed that they had committed certain offenses, because the
complaining witnesses refused to proceed against them. There will,
therefore, be included instances in which juvenile offenders were
released to the custody of their parents without formal charges
having been placed against them. Likewise, the compilation includes
individuals who were taken into custody and released with a repri-
mand or on the "golden-rule" principle, as is sometimes done in the
case of violators of traffic and motor vehicle regulations. _ Persons
summoned, notified, or cited to appear in court or at a poUce traffic
bureau because of alleged violations, who failed to appear in response
thereto, and who were not subsequently arrested, are also represented
in table 15.
Table 15. — Persons released without being held for prosecution, 1935; number and
rates per 100,000, by population groups
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Offense charged
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligent man
slaughter:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
(6) Manslaughter by negligence:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Robbery:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Aggravated assault:
Number 0 f persons released
Rate per 100,000
Other assaults:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Burglary— breaking or entering:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Larceny— theft:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Auto theft:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000 --
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000 -
See footnotes at end of table.
Group
Group
Group
Group
Group
Group
I
II
HI
IV
v
VI
is
o
-
-
o
o
OOO
oo
o w
O 00
o<o
oo
o >o
o«o
o"-
o^i
o'T.
o-^.
.o-'»
o''^-
\a o
■C CO
Sgg
IQ O
(NO
■^2
(NO)
C^ CO
O '"
to
oc^
o«
2«
+-* ""1
U rJH
> a
O H
l§
s:-
0<M
O O
,-ro
.^" o
o o
S'-S
S C3
■" cS
rri C3
S =3
(» 03
.2 "3
CD d
<i)3
.2 3
■23
.t^ 3
.t; a
s ft
'Zi a
•^ ft
•s ft
o Q.
o o
■- o
T, o
'S o
" o
o
c
" ft
^ ft
ft
S ft
S2 ^
c»
(N
"^
79
21
35
10
4
9
1.7
0.9
1.9
0.7
0.2
0.6
158
13
32
t
16
30
3.4
0.6
1.7
0.5
0.7
2.1
395
147
139
17
85
80
8.4
6.6
7.4
1.2
4.0
5.6
827
112
78
23
45
52
17.6
5.0
4.1
1.7
2.1
3.6
3,112
254
264
171
272
240
66.3
639
13.6
2,840
60.6
417
8.9
202
4.3
11.3
337
15. 1
564
25.2
l,'-,8
7.1
34
1.5
14.0
358
19.0
898
47.6
161
8.5
59
3.1
12.3
100
7.2
313
22.5
46
3.3
14
1.0
12.6
552
25.7
899
41.8
218
10.1
43
2.0
16.7
301
20.9
717
49.8
120
8.3
40
2.8
3
a
o
a
o
o
158
1.1
256
1.9
863
6.3
1.137
8.2
4,313
31.2
2,287
16.6
6,231
45.2
1,120
8.1
392
2.8
29
Table 15. — Persons released ivithont being held for prosecvHon, 1935; number and
rates per 100,000, by population groups — Continued
Offense charged
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possess-
ing:
Number of persons released -
Rate per 100,000 --.
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000 -._
Rape:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000 -
Prostitution and commercialized vice:
Number of persons released -
Rate per 100,000
Sex offenses (except rape and prostitution) :
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons released - - -
Rate per 100,000
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc.:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Offenses against family and children:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000..-
Liquor laws:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000 __
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
TrafBc and motor vehicle laws:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000...
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Drunkenness:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Vagrancy:
Number of persons released...
Rate per 100,000
Gambling:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Suspicion:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
All other offenses:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Group
I
to
o o
S P.
o o
p.
05
156
3.3
153
3.3
147
3.1
7,984
170.2
152
3.2
45
1.0
214
4.6
82
1,948
41.5
250
5.3
87,080
1,191.4
2,433
51.9
25,698
584.7
3,497
74. G
13, 135
280,0
64, 724
1,380.0
7,508
160.1
Group
II
S
CO
O (N
§:"
o c
0.2
2^
•— • Co
•3 a
58
2.6
45
2.0
22
1.0
114
5.1
27
1.2
7
0.3
42
1.9
40
114
5. 1
73
3.3
97, 296
4,345.9
684
30.6
6,254
279.3
2,056
91.8
169
7.5
8 4, 810
214.8
4,788
230.0
Group
III
o .
Si
CO
54
2.9
63
3.3
12
0.6
288
15.3
73
3.9
30
1.6
49
2.6
75
4.0
151
8.0
149
7.9
2 24,342
1,339.0
725
38.4
3,559
188.5
578
30.6
249
13.2
11,805
625.2
2,845
150.7
Group
IV
«.2
19
1.4
27
1.9
12
0.9
62
4.5
36
2.6
32
2.3
26
1.9
29
2.1
60
4.3
100
7.2
20, 310
1,460.7
400
28.8
3,567
256.5
1,546
111.2
153
11.0
3,637
261.6
1,551
111.6
Group
V
5S
ON
Sa
o o
53
2.5
31
1.4
23
1. 1
44
2.0
43
2.0
10
0.5
54
2.5
141
6.6
107
5.0
107
5.0
3 25,980
1, 229. 3
1,058
49.2
4,611
214.4
2,066
96. 1
143
6.6
5,328
247.7
130. 1
Group
VI
5 "3
o Oi
o
46
3.2
37
2.6
18
1.3
48
3.3
59
4.1
12
0.8
27
1.9
195
13.5
78
5.4
123
8.5
< 24,458
1,732.0
1,058
73.5
3,622
251.6
3,369
234.0
81
5.6
2.460
170.9
1.255
87.2
•3
a
s.
in
8«
« a
o
o
386
2.8
356
2.6
234
1.7
8,540
61.9
390
2.8
136
1.0
412
3.0
562
4.1
2,458
17.8
802
5.8
5 279, 466
2,388.3
6,358
46.1
■47,311
350.4
13, 112
95.0
13, 930
101.0
» 92, 764
673.3
11 20,719
151.9
1-11 The number of persons released and the rate are based on the reports from the number of cities indi-
cated below:
Footnote
Cities
Population
Footnote
Cities
Population
Footnote
Cities
Population
1 .
7
27
134
238
2, 728, 600
1,817,808
2, 113,457
1,412, 117
5.
0.
7.
8
463
8
471
15
11,701,242
4, 394, 700
13, 502, 693
2,081,800
9
471
135
471
13,641,293
2
10
2,131,0,57
3.
11.
13, 778, 493
4
30
_ As previously indicated, some of the reports listed all types of
violators of traffic laws (except driving while intoxicated) in a single
figure. In table 15-A there are presented data for three types of
violations of traffic and motor vehicle laws based on reports wliich
were apparently correctly prepared in that respect. The nature of
the violations included in each class is the same as indicated in the
comment preceding table 14-A.
Table 15-A. — Persons released without being held for prosecution, 1935; number
and rates per 100,000, by population groups
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Ofiense charged
Road and driving laws:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Parking violations:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000-
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Group
Group
Group
Group
Group
Group
I
II
III
IV
v
VI
o-a
-*_» Oj o
2i
2«
2h
S 03
000
opul
)6,00
000
opul
,868
000
opul
,400
000
opul
,157
und
opul
,542
ove
popu
600
s 100
00; p
2,0(
3S 60,
00; p
1,817
;s 25,
0; p
1,390
I— I g
So-'
ities
00;
,728
citie
50,0
ion,
citi
00,0
ion.
citi(
0,00
ion.
cit
5,00
ion,
ci
0,00
ion,
oooq
CM «
1— < -M
kO +j
OCJ 4J
t-
t^
•"I
■<J*
IM
14,728
12, 115
2,070
5,940
3,128
3,245
539.8
586.4
113.9
427.2
153.8
232.0
71, 328
92, 866
20, 015
12, 382
19, 940
14, 280
2, 614. 1
4,495.0
1, 101. 0
890.5
980.3
1, 021. 1
1,024
1,143
2,257
1.988
2,747
4,052
37.5
55.3
124.2
143.0
135.0
289.7
a
o
a,.
CO ^
o a
.r, Q
03
'3
o
41, 226
360.5
230,811
2, 018. 4
13,211
115.5
Percentage of Offenses Cleared by Arrest, 1933-35.
In the presentation of data based on annual poHce reports sub-
mitted to the F B I it has been felt desirable for comparative pur-
poses to indicate the percentage of clearances durmg last year as
compared with those for prior years. Accordingly, there is presented
in table 16 the percentage of offenses cleared during the last 3 years.
The tabulation is based on reports received from police departments
of 35 cities, each having a population of more than 100,000. The data
presented include all offenses cleared during the year for which the
reports were submitted regardless of when the offenses were committed.
An examination of the compilation shows that during 1935, as
compared with 1934, there occurred an increase in the percentage of
clearances for all offenses indicated except manslaughter by negligence,
rape, and aggravated assault. It is significant to note that the per-
centages for 1934 for all offenses are higher than in 1933. The lowest
percentage of clearances for murder (77.3) occurred in 1933 with a
steady increase for each of the following years, the percentage in
1935 being 82.3. For offenses against property the percentage of
clearances shows a steady increase from 1933 to 1935. Most signifi-
cant of these changes is the increase in robbery from 29.3 percent in
1933 to 47.8 percent in 1935.
31
Table 16. — Percentage of offenses cleared hy arrest, 1933-35
[35 cities over 1(K),000, total population 13,970,105, as estimated July 1, 1033, by the Bureau of the Census]
Year
1933.
1934.
1935.
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or
entering
Lar-
ceny—
theft
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaugh-
ter hy
negli-
gence
77.3
79.2
82.3
70.4
76.7
67.9
73.9
75.8
68.0
29.3
35. 8
47.8
54.4
5'J. 4
58.2
22.1
29.3
33.5
1 21.8
' 25.5
125.9
Auto
theft
2 12.6
2 13.7
2 15. 8
' The data for larceny— theft arc based on reports of 34 citias with a total population of 13,556,905.
' The data for auto theft are biised on reports of 33 cities with a total population of 9,887,405.
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT RECORDS
The fingerprint files of the FBI contain a large amount of valuable
information concerning the personal characteristics and history of
the individuals represented. During the first quarter of 1936,
106,594 arrest records, as evidenced by fingerprint cards, were ex-
amined for the purpose of obtaining data relative to the age, sex, race,
and previous criminal history of the persons concerned. This
tabulation was hmited to records reflecting arrests for violations of
State laws and municipal ordinances. In other words, records
representing arrests for Federal violations and those representing
commitments to any type of penal institution were excluded from this
compilation.
The tabulation of data from fingerprint cards obviously does not
include all persons arrested, since there are individuals taken into
custody for whom no fingerprint cards are forwarded to Wasliington.
Furthermore, data pertaining to persons arrested should not be treated
as information regarding the number of offenses committed, since
two or more persons may be involved in the joint commission of a
single oft'ense, and on the other hand one person may be arrested
and charged -v^-ith the commission of several separate off'enses.
During the first quarter of 1936 there were 1,434 persons arrested
and charged with criminal homicide. In addition, the following
serious offenses were among those charged: Robbery, 3,621; assault,
6,053; burglary, 8,184; larceny (and related offenses), 20,831 ; forgery
and counterfeiting, 1,634; rape, 1,035; violation of narcotic drug laws,
980; unlawful possession of deadly weapons, 1,439; driving while
intoxicated, 3,720; gambling, 1,611.
Females were represented by 7,783 (7.3 percent) of the arrest
records examined. Among the charges placed against females were:
Larceny, 1,165; prostitution and commercialized vice, 781; drunken-
ness, 675; vagrancy, 642; assault, 530; disorderly conduct, 438;
violation of liquor laws, 376. In addition, 124 females were charged
with criminal homicide and 146 with robbery.
32
Table 17. — Distribution of arrests by sex, Jan. 1-Mar. 31, 1936
Oflense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary — breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Autotheft
Embezzlement and fraud _ _ _
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total
Number
Total Male Female
1,434
3,621
6,053
8,184
14, 131
2, 486
3,342
872
1,634
1,035
1,181
1,278
980
1,439
1,260
2,687
3,720
572
2
1,027
3,831
12, 955
9,617
1,611
14, 181
1,361
6,100
106, 594
1,310
3,475
5,523
8,041
12, 966
2,438
3,170
784
1,520
1,035
400
1,056
802
1, 384
1,222
2,311
3,627
567
2
1,010
3,393
12, 280
8,975
1,516
13,040
1,248
5,716
98,811
124
146
530
143
1,165
48
172
88
114
781
222
178
55
38
376
93
5
17
438
675
642
95
1,141
113
384
7,783
Percent
Total Male Female
1.3
3.4
5.7
7.7
13.3
2.3
3.1
.8
1.5
1.0
1.1
1.2
.9
1.4
1.2
2.5
3.5
.5
0)
1.0
3.6
12.2
9.0
1.5
13.3
1.3
5.7
100.0
1.3
3.5
5.6
8.1
13.1
2.5
3.2
.8
1.5
1.1
.4
1.1
.8
1.4
1.2
2.4
3.1
.6
(')
1.0
3.4
12.4
9.1
1.5
13.2
1.3
5.8
100.0
1.6
1.9
6.8
1.8
15.0
.6
2.2
1.1
1.5
10.0
2.9
2.3
.7
.5
4.8
1.2
.1
.2
5.6
8.7
8.2
1.2
14.7
1.5
4.9
100.0
1 Less than Yio of 1 percent.
Examination of the ages of the persons arrested reveals a rapid
increase from age 15 to age 19, the figures being as follows:
Number
Age: arrested
15 619
16 1,813
17 2,850
18 4,204
19 4,552
For ages from 20 to 24, the number arrested for a single age group
varies from 4,100 to 5,028. The age groups in which arrests occurred
most frequently were as follows:
Number
Aee: arrested
22 5,028
21 4,921
23 4,781
19 4,552
It will be observed that there were more arrests for age 22 than for
any other single age group. This is contrary to the figures for 1932-
35, during which period 19-year-olds outnumbered those of other
33
ages. It may be of some significance, however, that the shift in tlic
frequency of arrests to ages 21-23 was evidenced in the figures for the
hist half'of 1935.
The compihition disclosed that 18,757 (17.6 percent) of the persons
arrested were less than 21 years old; 19,091 (17.9 percent) were be-
tween the ages of 21 and 24; making a total of 37,848 (35.5 percent)
NUMBER OF PERSONS ARRESTED
AGES 16 TO 24
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT CARDS
' JANUARY 1 — MARCH 31, 1936
1,813
2,850
4,204
4,552
4,100
4,921
5,028
4.781
4,361
Figure 4.
less than 25 years old. In addition, there were 18,816 (17.7 percent)
arrests of persons between the ages of 25 and 29. This makes a total
of 56,664 (53.2 percent) less than 30 years of age. (With reference to
the ages of persons represented by fingerprint cards received in the
F B I, it should be observed that the number of arrest records is
doubtless incomplete in the low^r age groups because in some juris-
dictions the practice is not to fingerprint youthful individuals).
Data for ages 16 to 24 are shown in figure 4.
34
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35
Youthful individuals were most frequently charged with the follow-
inc: offenses against ])roporty: llohbery, burglary, larceny, and auto
theft. Whereas persons under 25 years of ago constituted 35.5 per-
cent of the total arrested, they numbered 44.6 percent of those
charged with larceny, 56.3 percent of those charged with robbery,
58.7 percent of those charged with burglary, and 70.7 percent of
those charged with auto theft.
Table 19.^ — Number and percentage of arrests of persons under 25 years of age,
Jan. 1-Mar. 31, 1936
Offense chargred
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud.
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice
other sex offenses
Narcot ic drug laws - ---
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc.*. .--
Offenses against family and children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations.
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling -
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total
Total
Number
under
Total
Percent-
number
number
age
of
under
under
persons
21 years
of age
25 years
21 years
arrested
of age
of age
1,434
143
386
10. 0
3,021
1,018
2,039
2S. 1
6,053
650
1,657
10.7
8,184
3,095
4, 806
37.8
14, 131
3, 736
6, 308
26.4
2,486
1,187
1,757
47.7
3,342
196
667
5.9
872
145
273
16.6
1,634
261
547
16.0
1,035
262
498
25.3
1,181
89
420
7.5
1,278
196
435
15.3
980
48
170
4.9
1,439
243
529
16.9
1,260
56
213
4.4
2,687
183
509
6.8
3.720
153
627
4.1
572
85
245
14.9
o
1
2
50.0
1,027
174
439
16.9
3,831
550
1, 262
14.4
12, 955
683
2,134
5.3
9,617
1,319
3,290
13. 7
1,611
111
332
6.9
14, 181
2,548
5,341
18.0
1,361
208
450
15.3
6,100
. 1,417
2,512
23.2
106, 594
18, 757
37, 848
17.6
Total per-
centage
under
25 years
of age
26.9
56.3
27.4
58.7
44.6
70.7
20.0
31.3
33.5
48.1
35.6
34.0
17.3
36.8
16.9
18.9
16.9
42.8
lOO.O
42.7
32.9
16.5
34.2
20.6
37.7
33.1
41.2
35.5
More than 40 percent (42,991) of the persons arrested already had
fingerprint cards on file in the Identification Division of the FBI.
In addition, there were 2,153 records bearing notations indicating
previous criminal histories of the persons concerned although the
fingerprints had not previously been filed in the Bureau. This makes
a total of 45,144 records containing information regarding the prior
criminal activities of the persons arrested. The records disclosed
that 32,304 (71.6 percent) of them had previously been convicted of
one or more offenses. Tliis number constitutes 30.3 percent of the
total of 106,594 arrest records examined.
36
Many of the persons have been previously convicted of major
violations, as indicated by the following figures:
Criminal homicide 299
Robbery 1,544
Assault 1, 702
Burglary 4, 150
Larceny (and related offenses) 8, 595
Forgery and counterfeiting 1, 105
Rape 207
Narcotic drug laws 691
Weapons (carrying, etc.) 450
Driving while intoxicated 482
Total 19,225
It is of interest to note that 132 of the persons whose records showed
convictions for criminal homicide were charged during the first
quarter with the following violations:
Criminal homicide 10
Robbery 11
Assault 34
Burglary 14
Larceny (and related oft'enses) 45
Forgery and counterfeiting : 3
Rape 2
Weapons (carrying, etc.) 11
Driving while intoxicated 2
Total '- 132
As heretofore indicated, the records showed that 32,304 of the
persons arrested had been previously convicted. The records of those
persons showed a total of 89,780 prior convictions, an average of
almost 3 per individual; 42,240 of the convictions were for major
violations, and 47,540 for less serious infractions of the criminal laws.
Table 20. — Number with previous fingerprint records, arrests, Jan. 1-Mar. 31, 1936
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Bm'glary— breaking or entering.
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, re-
ceiving, possessing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercial-
ized vice
other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing,
etc-
Previous
Total
finger-
print
record
1,434
350
3,621
1.784
6,053
2, 065
8,184
3,305
14, 131
5,554
2,486
930
3,342
1,470
872
267
1,634
750
1,035
258
1,181
448
1,278
335
980
658
1,439
482
OfTense charged
Offenses against family and
children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
other traffic and motor vehicle
laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total
Total
1,260
2,687
3,720
572
2
1,027
3,831
12, 955
9,617
1,611
14, 181
1,301
6,100
100, 594
Previous
finger-
print
record
349
828
820
165
314
1,514
5,866
5,258
424
5,920
563
2,314
42, 991
37
Tahlh 21. — Percentage with -previous fingerprint recorth arrests, Jan. 1-Mar. SI,
19,36
Offense
Narcotic drug laws.
Vagrancy
Robbery
Forgery and counterfeiting
Drunlienness
Embezzlement and fraud
Suspicion
Burglary— breaking or entering
Disorderly conduct
Larceny— theft
Prostitution and commercialized vice
All other olTenses
Auto theft
Assault
Percent
07. 1
54.7
4i).3
45.9
45.3
44.0
41.7
40.4
39.5
39.3
37.9
37.9
37.4
34.1
Offense
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Liquor laws..
Stolen property; buying, receiving, pos
sessins
Other trallic and motor vehicie laws
Road and driving laws
OlTonses against family and children
Gambling
Other sex offenses
Rape
Criminal homicide--.
Driving while intoxicated
Parking violations '
Percent
33. 5
30. H
30. C
30.6
28.8
27.7
26.3
26.2
24.9
24.4
22.0
0
1 Only 2 fingerprint cards were received representing arrests for violation of parking regulations.
38
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40
Table 23. — Number of cases in which fingerprint records show one or more prior
convictions, and the total of prior convictions disclosed by the records, Jan. 1-Mar.
31, 1936
Oflense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault -
Burglary — breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Autotheft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing.
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape-
Prostitution and commercialized vice-
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc —
Offenses against family and children-
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws--
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total.
Number of
records
showing 1
or more
prior con-
victions
250
1,289
1,539
2,621
4,313
662
978
205
563
191
299
232
534
375
215
549
687
117
236
1,124
4,840
3,879
269
4,153
423
1.861
32,304
Number of
prior con-
victions of
major
offenses
284
1,944
1,787
4,300
8,039
941
1,604
286
1,013
213
394
300
1,508
614
209
400
331
80
223
1,087
3,550
4,349
267
5,658
621
2,338
42,240
Number of
prior con-
victions of
minor
oflenses
244
1,124
1,625
2,268
5,914
461
902
294
381
173
306
327
610
329
189
669
779
111
258
2.020
13, 067
7,341
219
5,016
432
2,481
47, 540
Total num-
ber of prior
convictions
disclosed
528
3,068
3,412
6, 568
13, 953
1.402
2,50J
580
1,394
386
700
627
2,118
843
398
1, 069
1,110
191
0
481
3,107
16, 617
11,690
486
10, 674
1,053
4,819
89, 780
Whites were represented by 78,093 of the records examined and
Negroes by 23,745. The remaining races were represented as follows:
Indian, 536; Chinese, 271 ; Japanese, 48; Mexican, 3,196; all other 705.
The significance of the figures showing the number of Negroes
arrested as compared with the number of whites can best be indicated
in terms of the number of each in the general population of the
country. Exclusive of those under 15 years of age, there were,
according to the 1930 decennial census, 8,041,014 Negroes, 13,069,192
foreign-born whites, and 64,365,193 native whites in the United
States. Of each 100,000 Negroes, 295 were arrested and finger-
printed during the first quarter of 1936, whereas the corresponding
figure for native whites was 103, and for foreign-born whites 48.
Figures for individual types of violations may be found in the follow-
ing tabulation. It should be observed in connection with the fore-
going data that the figure for native whites includes the immediate
descendants of foreign-born individuals. Persons desiring to make
a thorough study of the comparative amounts of crime committed
by native whites and foreign-born whites should employ available
compilations showing the number of instances in which offenders
arc of foreign or mixed parentage.
41
Table 24. — Distribution of arrests according to race, Jan. 1-Mar. 31, 1936
OSense charged
Crimiriiil homicide --.
Kohhery ---
.\ssiuilt
Hurjrlary — lireaking or entering
Larceny— theft
.\uto theft ---
Einbezzlcn'.ent and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possess'
ing --- - --
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape.--
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Other se.K olTenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessine, etc
Offenses against family and children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Roads and driving laws -
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws ...
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy -
Gambling
Suspicion...
Not stated
.\11 other offenses
Total
Race
White
871
2, .12()
3, 376
6, 9«i4
9,541
2, 109
2,928
610
1,463
753
<K)6
1,048
588
809
1,050
1,580
3,226
410
1
758
2,702
10, 585
7,625
832
10, 110
1,051
4,671
78, 093
Negro
503
947
2, 368
1,948
4,013
294
329
238
139
211
252
205
94
551
170
1,077
207
127
1
214
940
1,672
1,483
691
3,631
244
1,196
23, 745
In-
dian
8
12
40
33
50
12
12
1
7
5
3
4
4
1
6
6
38
2
5
19
128
48
1
54
9
28
536
Chi-
nese
10
3
4
1
1
1
2
2
1
180
6
1
42
6
271
Japa-
nese
10
48
Me.v
ican
42
91
188
204
4.59
63
58
17
17
48
12
14
84
40
29
22
224
25
42
139
533
343
13
302
49
138
3,196
All
others
7
45
67
32
59
7
13
4
6
15
7
30
4
2
15
8
5
30
29
107
31
77
8
63
705
Total
all
races
1,434
3, 621
6, 053
8, 184
14, 131
2, 486
3,342
872
1,634
1,035
1, 181
1,278
980
1,439
1,260
2,687
3,720
572
2
1.027
.3,831
12,955
9,617
1,611
14, 181
1,361
6,100
106. 594
Table 25. — Number of arrests of Negroes and whites in proportion to the number of
each in the general population of the country, Jan. 1-Mar. 31, 1936
[Rate per 100,000 of population, excluding those under 15 years
of age]
Offense charged
Native
white
Foreign-
born white
Negro
Criminal homicide
1.1
3.4
4.0
8.4
13.3
3.0
3.8
.7
2.0
1.0
1.3
1.2
.8
1.0
1.3
1.9
4.1
.6
1.0
3.7
14.4
9.5
1.0
13.3
1.4
6.2
0.9
1.0
4.9
1.9
4.6
.3
1.8
1.0
.8
.6
.6
1.2
.3
.9
1.2
2.4
1.6
.2
6 3
Robbery
11.8
Assault . - - -
29 4
Burglary — breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
24.2
49.9
3.7
Embezzlement and fraud
4 1
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape - - -
3.0
1.7
2.6
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Other sex offenses
3.1
2 5
Narcotic drug laws
1.2
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc :
6.9
Offenses against family and children
2.1
Liquor laws
13.4
Driving while intoxicated.
2.6
Road and driving laws
1.6
Parking violations
{')
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
.4
2.1
6.6
3.4
.9
4.7
.5
3.3
2.7
Disorderly conduct ■.
11.7
Drunkenness
20.8
Vagrancy
18.4
Gambling
8.6
Suspicion
45.2
Not stated..
3.0
A.ll of ber nfffinsA"! .
14.9
Total..
103.4
48.1
295.4
» Less than Ko of 1 per 100,000.
42
Table 26. — Number of native whites, number of foreign-born whites, and number of
Negroes arrested and fingerprinted by age groups, Jan. 1-Mar. 31, 1936
Number arrested
Number of arrests per 100,000
of the general population of
the United States
Age
Native
white
Foreign-
born
white
Negro
Native
white
Foreign-
born
white
Negro
15
412
1,239
1,936
2,822
3,130
2,743
3,192
3,200
3,061
2,728
11,740
8,961
7,775
5,004
3,372
5,007
2
21
39
42
51
50
66
80
93
94
538
646
927
1,030
978
1,622
164
462
724
988
1,000
934
1,096
1,186
1,158
1,134
4,740
3,272
2,893
1,558
1,002
1,153
20.8
61.3
99.3
143.4
167.5
151.1
174.3
179.6
178.9
163.9
155.4
130.6
118.7
90.9
70.9
34.6
5.2
41.1
59.8
52.4
56.8
46.8
56.6
62.0
64.5
56.8
52.7
51,8
56.8
60.8
62.5
33.0
68.2
16
179.3
17
295.5
18
367. 1
19
419.7
20
361.2
21
480. 1
22
475.6
23
493.8
24
487.8
25-29
442.3
30-34
378.5
35-39
324.7
40-44 .
226.6
45-49
159.0
OverSO
80.7
Total
66, 322
6,279
23, 464
103.0
48.0
291.8
Table 27. — Percentage distribution of arrests, by age, Jan. 1-Mar. 31, 1936
Number arrested
Percent
Age
Native
white
Foreign-
born
white
Negro
Native
white
Foreign-
born
white
Negro
15 and under 21 .. .
12, 282
12, 181
11,740
8,961
7,775
5,004
3,372
5,007
205
333
538
646
927
1,030
978
1,622
4,272
4,574
4,740
3,272
2,893
1,558
1,002
1,153
18.5
18.4
17.7
13.5
11.7
7.5
5.1
7.6
3.3
5.3
8.6
10.3
14.7
16.4
15.6
25.8
18.2
21-24
25-29..
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50 and over
19.5
20.2
14.0
12.3
6.6
4.3
4.9
Total
66, 322
6,279
23,464
100.0
100.0
100.0
At the end of March 1936 there were 5,800,815 fingerprint records
and 6,928,321 index cards containing the names and ahases of indi-
viduals on file in the Identification Division of the FBI. Of each
100 fingerprint cards received during the first 3 months of 1936, more
than 54 were identified with those on file in the Bureau. Fugitives
numbering 1,460 were identified through fingerprint records during the
same period, and the interested law-enforcement officials were imme-
diately notified of the whereabouts of those fugitives.
As of March 31, 1936, there were 9,624 police departments, peace
officers, and law-enforcement agencies throughout the United States
and foreign countries voluntarily contributing fingerprints to the
FBI.
O
9? T :?
A
UNIFORM
CRIME REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
Volume VII — Number 2
SECOND QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1936
Issued by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
United States Department of Justice
Washington, D. C.
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1936
ADVISORY
COMMITTEE ON UNIFORM CRIME RECORDS
OF THE !
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS OF POLICE
(II)
■'. cUFtR!NTFW')ENT OF DOCU?/!
AUG , 1936
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
J. Edgar Hoover, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation,
U. S. Department of Justice, Washington, D. C.
Volume 7 July 1936 Number 2
CONTENTS
Classification of offenses.
Extent of reporting; area.
Monthly retnrns :
Offenses known to the police — cities tlivided according; to pojiulation (tal)le
28).
Daily averajie, offenses known to the police, 1936 (table 12!)).
Daily average, offenses known to the police, 1931-36 (table 30).
Offenses known to the polict — cities divided according to location (tables 31,
32).
Data for individual cities (table 33).
Offenses known to slieriffs and State police (table 34).
Offenses known in the possessions (table 35).
Data from supplementary offense reports (tables 36-36B).
Numl)er of police department employees, 1935 (tables 37, 3S).
Relation between number of police employees and crime i-ates, 1935 (table
39).
Daily average, offenses known to the police — cities divided according to
population 1933-35 (table 40).
Annual returns :
Offenses known, offenses cleared by arrest, and persons cliarged — cities
divided according to location, 1935 (table 41).
Data compiled from fingerprint cards, 1936 :
Sex distribution of persons arrested (table 42).
Age distribution of pei*sons arrested (tables 43, 44).
Number and percentage with previous fingerprint records (tables 45, 46).
Number with records showing previous convictions (tables 47, 48).
Race distribution of persons arrested (tables 49-52).
Classification of Offenses.
The term "offenses known to the pohce" is designed to inchide
those crimes designated as part I classes of the uniform chissification
occurring within the pohce jurisdiction, whether they become known
to the pohce through reports of pohce officers, of citizens, of prose-
cuting or court officials, or otherwise. They are confined to the fol-
lowing group of seven classes of grave offenses, shown by experience
to be tliose most generally and completely reported to the police:
Criminal homicide, including (a) murder, nonnegligent tnanslaughter,
and (6) manslaughter by negligence; rape; robbery; aggravated as-
sault; burglary — breaking or entering; larceny — theft; and auto theft.
The figures contained herein include also the number of attempted
crimes of the designated classes. Attempted nuirders, however, are
reported as aggravated assaults. In other words, an attempted bur-
glary or robbery, for example, is reported in the bulletin in the same
manner as if the crime had been completed.
"Offenses known to the police" include, therefore, all of the above
offenses, including attempts, which are reported by the pohce depart-
(43)
44
ments of contributing cities and not merely arrests or cleared cases.
Complaints which upon investigation are learned to be groundless are
not included in the tabulations which follow.
In order to indicate more clearly the types of offenses included in
each group, there follows a brief definition of each classification.
1. Criminal homicide. — (a) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter Includes
all felonious homicides except those caused by negligence. Does not include
attempts to kill, assaults to kill, justifiable homicides, suicides, or accidental
deaths. (6) Manslaughter by negligence includes only those cases in which
death is caused by culpable negligence which is so clearly evident that if the
person responsible for the death were apprehended he would be prosecuted for
manslaughter.
2. Rape. — Includes forcible rape, statutory rape, assault to rape, and attempted
rape.
3. Robbery .^Includes stealing or taking anything of value from the person
by force or violence or by putting in fear, such as highway robbery, stick-ups,
robbery armed. Includes assault to rob and attempt to rob.
4. Aggravated assault. — Includes assault wnth intent to kill; assault by shooting,
cutting, stabbing, maiming, poisosing, scalding, or by use of acids. Does not
include simple assault, assault and battery, fighting, etc.
5. Burglary — breaking or entering. — Includes burglary, housebreaking, safe
cracking, or any unlawful entry to commit a felony or theft. Includes attempted
burglary and assault to commit a burglary. Burglary foUov/ed by a larceny is
entered here and is not counted again under larceny.
6. Larceny — theft {except auto theft). — (a) Fifty dollars and over in value.
(6) Under $50 in value — includes in one of the above subclassifications, depend-
ing upon the value of the property stolen, pocket-picking, purse-snatching, shop-
lifting, or any stealing of property or thing of value which is not taken by force
and violence or by fraud. Does not include embezzlement, "con" games, forgery,
passing worthless checks, etc.
7. Auto theft. — Includes all cases where a motor vehicle is stolen or driven
away and abandoned, including the so-called "joy-riding" thefts. Does not
include taking for temporary use when actually returned by the taker, or un-
authorized use by those having lawful access to the vehicle.
In publisliing the data sent in by chiefs of police in different cities,
the FBI does not vouch for their accuracy. They are given out as
current information, which may throw some light on problems of
crime and criminal-law enforcement.
In compiling the tables, returns which were apparently incomplete
or otherwise defective were excluded.
Extent of Reporting Area.
In the table wliich follows there is shown the number of police
departments from wliich one or more crime reports have been re-
ceived during the first 6 months of 1936. Information is presented for
the cities divided according to size. The population figm-es employed
are estimates as of July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census for cities
with population in excess of 10,000. No estimates were available,
however, for those with a smaller number of inhabitants and, accord-
ingly, for them the figures listed in the 1930 decennial census were used.
The growth in the crime-reporting area is evidenced by the follow-
ing figures for the first 6 months of 1932-36:
Year
1932
1933
1934
Cities
1.536
1,606
1,645
Population
52, 692, 749
54, 208, 740
62, 319, 945
Year
1935-
1936_
Cities
1,949
2,189
Population
63, 270, 583
64, 648, 798
45
The foregoing ooniparisoii shows that (hiring the (irst hall' of 1930
there was an increase of 240 cities as coni])are(l with the coj-responding
period of 1935, the popuhition represented for those cities being
1,378,215.
In addition to the 2,189 city and village police departments which
submitted crime reports during 1936, one or more reports were re-
ceived during that period from 925 sheriffs and State police organi-
zations and from 7 agencies in possessions of the United States.
This makes a grand total of 3,121 agencies contributing crime reports
during 1936.
Population group
Total
1. Cities over 250,000
2. Cities 100,000 to 250,000
3. Cities 50,000 to 100,000.
4. Cities 25.000 to 50,000..
5. Cities 10,000 to 25,000..
Total
iniiiiber
of cities
or towns
983
37
57
104
191
594
Cities filing returns
Number Percent
874
37
57
96
172
512
88.9
100.0
100.0
92.3
90.1
86.2
Total pop-
ulation
60,281,688
29, 695, 500
7,850,312
6, 980, 407
6, 638, 544
9, 116,925
Population repre-
sented in returns
Number Percent
57, 926, 429
29, 695, 500
7, 850, 312
6, 454, 270
6. 004, 977
7, 921, 370
96.1
100.0
100.0
92.5
90.5
86.9
Note. — The above table does not include 1,315 cities and rural townships aggregating a total population
of 6,722,369. The cities included in this figure are those of less than 10,000 population filing returns, whereas
the rural townships are of varying population groups.
46
MONTHLY RETURNS
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Population.
In table 28 there are presented data showing the number of of-
fenses reported during the first 6 months of 1936 by the poUce depart-
ments of 1,637 cities having an aggregate population of 58,878,771.
The information included in table 28 has been prepared to indicate
the number of offenses loiown per 100,000 inhabitants for the cities
divided into six groups according to size. The information has been
presented in this manner in order that police administrators and
interested individuals in a particular community can make a com-
parison between its figures and the average figures for cities of ap-
proximately the same number of inhabitants.
An examination of the compilation discloses that in general crime
rates are higher in those cities having the larger number of inliabi-
tants. The figures show that offenses of larceny predominate, there
being 177,516 such cases reported during the first 6 months of 1936,
constituting more than one-half of all major offenses reported. More
than 94 percent of the reported crimes were offenses against property
(larceny, burglary, auto theft, and robbery), wdiereas offenses against
the person constituted 5 2 percent of the crimes reported. A per-
centage distribution of the offenses included in table 28 is shown
herewith:
Offense
Total
Larceny
Burglary. _ _
Auto theft _
Rate per
100,000
Percent
589.0
100.0
301.5
137.1
92.4
51.2
23.3
15.7
Offense
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Rape
Murder
M anslaughter
Rate per
100,000
27.3
22.0
3.7
2.8
2.2
Percent
4.6
3.7
.6
.5
.4
OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE
JANUARY TO JUNE, INCLUSIVE. 1936
BASED ON REPORTS OF 1.637 CITIES POPULATION 58,679,771
OFFENSES AGAINST THE PERSON
NUMBER OF OFFENSES
0 1.500 3,000 4.500 6,000 7.500 9.000 10.500 12.000 13,500
MANSLAUGHTER BY NEGLIGENCE i,282
Ml 1 D riir □ /including NONNEGLIGENT^
'-'2'^" I,. MANSLAUGHTER J
RAPE
Figure 5.
47
Most of the cities \vitli more tlian 100,000 inhabitants ma(h> a
distinction in their rej)()its l)et\vcen tlie nunih(>i- of hii'cenies in whicli
tlie vahie of property stt)U'n was nu)re than $50 and the cases in
which the propeity was vahied at less than $50. A separate com-
pilation of the information yields the following figures:
Population group
:il cities over 250,000: total population, 19,950,100:
Kuniber of ollenses known
KiUe per 100,000 ,
53 cities 1(K),000 to 250,000; total population, 7,371,812:
Number of otTenses Ivnown
Rate per 100.000 -._
Larceny— theft
$50 and over
in value
9,082
45. 5
3, 465
47.0
Under $50
in value
53, 208
316. S
26, HOO
363.5
Of the 102,555 larcenies classified according to the value of the
property stolen, 12,547 (12.2 percent) w^ere cases in which the value
of property exceeded $50.
OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE
JANUARY TO JUNE. INCLUSIVE, 1936
BASED OIM REPORTS OP 1,6 37 CiTiES POPULATION 58,870,771
OFFENSES AGAINST PRO'PERTY
Figure C.
48
Table 28. — Offenses known to the 'police, January to June, inclusive, 1936; number
and rates per 100,000, by population groups
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Population group
OROUP I
35 cities over 250,000; total popula-
lation, 28,963,000:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP II
55 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 7,602,712:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP III
87 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total
population, 5,880,309:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP IV
141 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total pop-
ulation, 4,883,228:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP V
436 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total pop-
ulation, 6,756,637:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP VI
883 cities under 10,000; total popula-
tion, 4,792,885:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
Total 1,637 cities; total population,
58,878,771:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
Criminal homi-
cide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
919
3.2
229
3.0
174
3.0
100
2.0
160
2.4
89
1,671
2.8
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
1 866
3.2
138
1.8
96
1.6
57
1.2
86
1.3
39
.8
2 1, 282
2.2
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
1, 326
4.6
10, 355
35.8
6,250
21.6
38, 362
132.5
251
3.3
2,010
26.4
2,378
31.3
14, 873
195.6
149
2.5
1,376
23.4
1, 677
28.5
8,887
151.1
141
2.9
760
15.6
872
17.9
6,942
142 2
188
2.8
997
14.8
1,238
18.3
7,304
108.1
136
2.8
550
11.5
511
10.7
4,353
90.8
2,191
3.7
16,048
27.3
12, 026
22.0
80,721
137.1
Lar-
ceny—
theft
79, 294
273.8
30. 739
401.3
22, 406
381.0
16, 943
347.0
19, 029
281.6
9, 105
190.0
177, 516
301.5
Auto
theft
29.331
101.3
9,254
121.7
5, 496
93.5
4,216
86.3
4,146
61.4
1,959
40.9
54, 402
92.4
1 The number of offenses and rate for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 33 cities with a
total population of 27,234,800.
2 The number of offenses and rate for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 1,635 cities with
a total population of 57,150,571.
49
Daily Average, Offenses Known to the Police, 1936.
In table 21) thoro aro pros(M\t(Ml data showinji; the daily average
number of major oll'enses reported during the first G months of 1930
to the police departments of 90 cities, each with over 100,000 inhabi-
tants. The figures show a substantial decrease during the second
quarter as compared with the first f[uarter of this year in the number
of reported offenses of robbery and burglary, with a slight decrease
in the number of larcenies. The number of olTenses reported for
the remaining offense classes showed increases during the second
fpiarter as compared with the first quarter of tliis year.
Table 29. — Daily average, offenses known to the police, 90 cities over 100,000,
January to June, inclusive, 1936
[Total population, 36,56,5,712, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
January to March
April to June
January to June..
Criminal
homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
6.0
5.7
6.6
5.6
6.1
7.9
6.1
6.5
6.3
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
5.0
3.9
5.9
6.0
6.4
5.8
5.0
6.1
5.5
Rape
6.9
7.7
8.2
8.8
9.4
11. 1
7.6
9.7
8.7
Rob-
bery
82.7
80.4
71.4
64.8
55.0
53.5
78. I
67.7
67.9
Aggra-
vat«ii
as-
sault
39.2
41.7
49.2
43.8
52.5
57.9
43.4
51.4
47.4
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
319.7
297.9
32(5.5
301.2
261. 1
247.9
315.0
270. 0
292.5
Lar-
ceny—
theft
617.3
,577. 1
628.7
621.9
593.4
587.4
608.3
600. 8
604.6
Auto
theft
211.0
196.4
226.7
230.6
206.1
200.5
211.7
212.3
212.0
1 Daily averages for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 88 cities with a total population
of 34,837,512.
Daily Average, Offenses Known to the Police, 1931-36,
In order to make available data concerning the variation in the
amount of crime from year to year, there are presented in table 30
figures showing the number of major offenses reported during the
first 6 months of each of the years 1931-36 to the pohce departments
of 69 cities each with over 100,000 inhabitants. The combined popu-
lation of those cities in 1930 was 18,714,176. The latest available
figures (estimated as of July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census)
indicate that the population of those cities has increased to 19,237,302.
An examination of the figures discloses an uninterrupted decrease
in the number of offenses of robbery and auto theft during the
6-year period covered by the compilation. Kobberies decreased from
10,832 in 1931 to 5,771 in 1936 and auto thefts from 46,586 in 1931 to
23,062 in 1936. The number of burglaries and larcenies reported
during the first 6 months of 1936 showed a decrease from the number
reported during the same period of 1931, with irregular variations
during intervening periods. A substantial increase is shown in the
number of offenses of rape reported during 1936 as compared with
1931, with a slight increase in the number of offenses of aggravated
assaidt during 1936 as compared with 1931.
85414°— 36-
50
It will be noted the compilation shows a substantial decrease in the
number of homicides during 1935 and 1936 as compared with prior
years. In connection with the decrease in the number of offenses of
murder and nonnegligent manslaughter (willful felonious homicides),
it is suggested that the decrease may be partially attributable to the
fact that during 1935 it was ascertained that many police departments
had been including as felonious homicides cases which were excusable
in nature, such as the killing of a felon who was resisting arrest by a
police officer. Such cases were subsequently excluded, together with
instances of killing in self-defense by private individuals, in order
that the published figures might represent felonious homicides.
The cases listed under the heading of "manslaughter by negligence"
consist largely of automobile fatalities, and it will be observed that
the figures for 1935 and 1936 are considerably lower than for the
4 preceding years. This is probably due largely to the fact that in
1934 it was ascertained that quite a number of the police departments
had listed as actual offenses of negligent manslaughter all cases of
automobile fatalities. During 1934 considerable stress was placed
upon the fact that deaths residting from automobile accidents should
be carried under tliis classification only if the driver of the automobile
was guilty of gross criminal negligence. The exclusion of many cases
of deaths resulting from automobile accidents in which it was not
thought that there was present a degree of negligence sufficient to
warrant prosecution has undoubtedly played a large part in bringing
about the reduced figures for 1935 and 1936.
The information included in table 30 is also grapliically presented
in figure 7.
More comprehensive data concerning annual crime trends covering
the years 1933-35 may be found in table 40 of this issue which shows
the number of major oft'enses reported by the police departments of
1,127 cities with division by population groups.
Table 30. — Daily average, offenses known to the 'police, 69 cities over 100,000,
January to June, inclusive, 1931-36
[Total population 19,237,302, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Year
Number of offenses known
1931
1932
1933....
1934
1935
1936
Daily average:
1931
1932
1933
1934_..,
1935
1936
Criminal homi-
cide
Rape
680
597
662
937
787
714
3.2
3.3
3.7
5.2
4.3
3.9
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny—
theft
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
795
767
768
721
672
608
4.4
4.2
4.2
4.0
3.7
3.3
725
651
470
608
422
383
4.0
3.0
2.6
3.4
2,3
2.1
10, 832
9,724
9,150
7,462
7,328
5,771
59.8
53.4
50.6
41.2
40.5
31. 7
4,882
4,344
5, 131
4,820
4,823
4,985
27.0
23,9
28,3
26.6
26,6
27,4
35, 534
38, 201
37, 885
36. 013
36, 703
30, 215
196,3
209,9
209.3
199.0
202,8
166.0
76, 279
75, 584
80, 024
79, 970
83,056
73, 861
421.4
415.3
442.1
441.8
458.9
405,8
Auto
theft
46, 586
38, 181
34, 8.S9
31, 735
29, 541
23,062
257. 4
209.8
192.8
175.3
163.2
126. 7
51
ANNUAL CRIME TRENDS
OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE
FOR CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND OVER 69 CITIES; POPULATION 19,237,302
PERIOD COVERED - JANUARY I, TO JUNE 30, INCLUSIVE, 1931-1936
500
400
300
200
UJ
o
<t
a:
UJ
>
>
-I
<
LARCENY -THEFT
BURGLARY- BREAKING OR ENTERING
MURDER- NONNEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER
I
- 1931 -
- 1932-
- 1933 -
-1934 -
-1935
- 1936-
FlGURE 7,
52
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Location.
In table 31 there is presented information regarding the number
of police departments whose reports were employed in the preparation
of figures representing crime rates for the individual States, This
information is included here in order to show the number of such
contributors according to size of city, and it is believed it will be
helpful in evaluating the crime data for individual States, since
table 28 has indicated that there is a noticeable tendency for the
large cities to report higher crime rates than the smaller communities.
It should be further observed that in several instances the number of
records entering into the construction of State rates is quite limited.
In some cases the figures for individual States are based on reports
from only four or five police departments. Obviously, the crime
rates based on such a limited number of records may differ consider-
ably from the figures which would result if reports were available
from all urban communities in the State.
In table 32 there are presented the crime rates for the individual
States, together with figures for nine geographic divisions of the
country.
53
Table 31. — A^utnber of cities in each Slate tjicliuled in the tabulation of uniform
crime reports, January to June, inclusive, 1936
Population
Division and State
Over
250,000
100,000
to
2,50,000
50,000
to
lai.ooo
25,000
to
50,000
10,000
to
25,000
Less
than
10,000
Total
GEOGRArmc DIVISION
New England:
lf>5 cities; total population, 5,528,905
Middle Atlnntic:
433 cities; total population, 18,096,663
East North Central:
406 cities; total population, 15,453,876
\Ve«t North Central:
187 cities; total population, 4,330,549
South Atlantic: '
102 cities; total population, 4,197,924
East South Central:
40 cities; total population, 1,704,678..
West South Central:
91 cities; total population, 3,080,683
Mountain:
67 cities; total population, 1,123,225
Pacific:
146 cities; total population, 5,362,268
2
6
9
3
3
3
3
1
5
12
10
10
5
6
2
5
1
4
11
21
22
7
11
3
5
1
6
22
27
46
8
13
2
6
5
12
60
120
97
48
26
15
21
14
35
58
219
222
116
43
15
51
45
84
165
433
406
187
102
40
91
67
146
New England:
Maine _ - . .
1
1
1
6
4
2
36
4
8
42
28
50
28
13
25
19
12
11
6
6
3
4
6
12
8
0
6
31
3
4
87
55
107
69
20
53
59
21
48
16
16
5
3
8
20
3
1
8
9
7
2
4
9
G
4
S
5
7
23
16
7
5
3
10
2
5
10
3
5
9
70
16
New Hampshire
n
Vermont .
"" "
8
Massachusetts. . .
1
1
8
..
4
3
3
3
4
1
2
1
1
6
2
I
5
6
10
4
2
5
8
3
11
4
6
10
10
7
14
7
11
7
7
93
Rhode Island
14
Connecticut . . . .
23
Middle Atlantic:
New York
3
1
2
5
1
1
1
1
o
151
New Jersey
103
Pennsylvania .
179
East North Central:
Ohio
123
Indiana
47
Illinois . . .
96
Michigan
96
W isconsin
44
West North Central:
Minnesota ..
62
Iowa
3
2
3
2
1
1
_.
29
Missouri
1
27
North Dakota
9
South Dakota
8
Nebraska . .
1
2
1
1
1
16
Kansas
36
South Atlantic:
Delaware
4
Maryland.
1
2
4
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
5
3
8
3'
4
4
3
2
6
2
4
6
9
2
2
2
5
1
i"
1
8
4
23
7
Virginia
3
1
3
3
2
2
1
20
West Virginia
16
North Carolina
19
South Carolina
5
Georgia
1
2'
11
Florida _
19
East South Central:
Kentucky.. .
1
■ 1
1
13
Tennessee.
10
Alabama
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
2
1
10
Mississippi
7
West South Central:
Arkansas..
9
LouL<^iana
1
3
15
Oklahoma..
32
Texas
2
35
Mountain:
Montana...
10
Idaho
7
Wyoming
5
Colorado
1
1
1
1
1
1
18
New Mexico
4
Arizona
6
Utah
1
13
Nevada
4
Pacific:
Washington
1
1
3
2
2
1
9
18
Oregon
15
California
2
6
113
> Includes District of Columbia.
54
Table 32. — Rate per 100,000, offenses known to the -police, January to June, inclusive,
1936
Division and State
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
New England
Middle Atlantic
East North Central
West North Central
South Atlantic i
East South Central
West South Central
Mountain .-.
Pacific
New England:
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle Atlantic:
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
East North Central:
Ohio
Indi<ma --
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
West North Central:
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota.-
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
South Atlantic:
Delaware.
Maryland
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina...
Georgia
Florida
East South Central:
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Mississippi
West South Central:
Arkansas..
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas.
Mountain:
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah..
Nevada
Pacific:
Washington
Oregon
California
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
0.5
2.0
2.1
2.1
7.9
10.9
7.3
3.7
1.7
0
1.5
.6
.2
.5
2.0
1.6
2.1
2.6
2.8
2.4
1.1
.7
.5
4.1
1.9
2.0
2.3
2.5
1.7
3.4
9.1
5.2
13.5
7.2
12.7
10.1
9.9
12.8
11.6
4.4
4.8
8.3
3.0
8.6
2.1
2.7
3.3
4.3
0
4.5
2.8
13.1
2.2
.4
1.7
Bur-
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
2.5
6.9
5. 1
112.3
4.2
13.7
16.9
60.2
3.6
42.6
15.7
142.4
2.2
26.0
9.0
141.0
4.0
43.9
79.3
240. 1
2.5
52.2
71.6
244. 4
3.1
34.1
44.6
218.8
4.4
19.4
9.6
162.5
5.3
27.7
13.8
236. 3
.8
9.3
5.3
133.1
3.1
1.9
7.5
70.1
7.4
1.5
0
26.6
3.2
7.7
5.3
111.9
0
3.2
4.8
77.7
1.3
6.8
4.8
141.5
4.7
8.2
15.2
37.2
3.2
15.3
25.0
139.1
3.5
23.9
16.6
71.9
2.7
36.4
17.7
152.6
3.4
30. 1
16.8
157.1
2.2
71.4
17.0
180.4
7.5
28.4
16.0
102. 1
2.7
4.7
3.4
54.0
2.1
23.8
5.3
148.0
1.9
24.4
3.9
160.8
3.0
29.4
17.0
131.0
1.9
21.9
4.8
139.7
4.0
.7.9
1.0
81.4
.7
21.0
5.6
68. 9
2.0
31.2
10.0
192. 1
.8
8.4
23.4
108.9
5.4
33.1
3.9
132.0
7.2
34.9
131.0
201.9
2.9
23.8
41.0
158.2
2.7
33.6
254.5
226.7
0
21.6
58.3
72.0
3.9
63.9
64.1
358.8
1.4
47.1
100.4
397.5
1.9
54.5
75.2
308.3
3.3
70.7
93.9
216.0
1.8
36.6
45.0
237.6
2.9
11.8
44.8
146. 2
1.8
44.7
45.9
227.0
2.5
23.9
62,4
131.4
3.3
41.8
21.8
215. 2
3.5
34.7
45.2
258.3
3.2
7.5
9.6
97.2
4.1
17.8
8.2
140.8
6.6
14.8
4.9
110.4
4.9
21.9
7.1
145.0
3.9
5.9
15.7
212.5
6.0
38.9
23.9
204.8
3.3
16.7
10.2
204.7
2.6
28.7
15.7
261.3
.7
20.8
11.3
320.3
1.3
47.5
6.2
285.6
6.6
26.9
15.1
214.2
Lar-
ceny-
theft
206.2
114.6
314.9
380.1
540. 0
393.4
608.0
454.0
509.9
192,1
119.5
56.1
196.6
206.5
266.6
94.6
227.1
105.9
386.2
364.6
199.9
403.4
238.1
219.2
372.3
548.4
248.0
290.7
222.9
525.6
267.1
217.4
767.4
356.0
405.4
740.5
729.9
732.2
493.4
266.4
450.3
388.0
604.4
255. 4
559.5
784.9
004. 3
390.9
497.7
401.2
635. 4
336.3
474. 5
642.8
519. 3
623.9
405. 5
Auto
theft
83.4
59.4
77.8
101.3
141.3
113.9
109. 9
113.0
188. 3
114.5
17.5
17.7
91.2
28.6
96.7
51.7
V7. 0
66.9
93.4
116.5
55.2
89.5
41.6
121.3
96.7
84.7
60.8
157.8
139.7
68.5
100.5
112.3
142.7
78.5
119.7
30. 1
174.2
143.3
123.2
136.0
87.3
66.1
83.3
77.6
61.8
145.7
70.5
108.0
84.0
91.1
74.8
171.9
156.7
222.1
146.3
120.0
204. 1
Includes report of District of Columbia.
55
Data for Individual Cities.
The miinher of offenses reported as having been committed (hiring
the second tjiuirter of 193G is shown in table 33. Tiie compilation is
limited to the reports received from police departments in cities with
more than 100,000 inhabitants. Such data are presented here in
order that interested individuals and organizations may have readily
available up-to-date infornuxtion concerning the amount of crime
committed in their communities. Police administrators and other
interested individuals will probably find it desirable to compare the
crime rates for their cities w'iiXx the average rates shown in table 28 of
this publication. Similarly, they Avill doubtless desire to make com-
parisons with the figures of their communities for prior periods in
order to determine whether there has been an increase or decrease in
the amount of crime committed.
With reference to the possibility of comparing the amount of crime
in one city with the amount of reported crime in other individual
communities, it is suggested that such comparisons be made with a
great deal of caution because differences in the figures may be due to
a great variety of factors. The amount of crime committed in a
community is not chargeable to the police but is rather a charge
against the entire community. The follo\ving is a list of some of the
factors which might affect the amount of crime in a community: the
composition of the population with reference particularly to age, sex,
and race; the economic status and activities of the population;
climate; educational, recreational, and religious facilities; the number
of poHce employees per unit of population; the standards governing
appointments to the police force; the policies of the prosecuting
officials and the courts; the attitude of the public toward law-enforce-
ment problems. Comparisons between the crime rates of individual
cities should not be made without giving consideration to the above-
mentioned factors. It should be noted that it is more important to
determine whether the figures for a given community show increases
or decreases in the amount of crime committed than to ascertain
whether the figures are above or below those of some other community.
In examining a compilation of crime figures for individual com-
munities it should be borne in mind that in view of the fact that the
data are compiled by different record departments operating under
separate and distinct administrative systems, it is entirely possible
that there may be variations in the practices employed in classifying
complaints of offenses. On the other hand, the crime reporting
manual has been distributed to all contributors of crime reports and
the figures received are included in this bulletin only if they apparently
have been compiled in accordance with the provisions of the manual,
and the individual department has so indicated.
56
Table 33. — Number of offenses known to the 'police, April to June, inclusive, 1936
City
Akron, Ohio
Albany, N. Y
Atlanta, Ga
Baltimore, Md
Birmingham, Ala
Boston, Mass
Bridgeport, Conn
Buflalo, N. Y
Cambridge, Mass
Camden, N. J
Canton, Ohio
Chattanooga, Tenn
Chicago, 111
Cincinnati, Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio
Columbus, Ohio
Dallas, Tex
Dayton, Ohio
Denver, Colo
Des Moines, Iowa
Detroit, Mich
Duluth, Minn
Elizabeth, N.J
El Paso, Tex
Erie, Pa
Evansville, Ind
Fall River, Mass
Flint, Mich
Fort Wayne, Ind
Fort Worth, Tex
Gary, Ind
Grand Rapids, Mich..
Hartford, Conn
Houston, Tex
Indianapolis, Ind
Jacksonville, Fla
Kansas City, Kans
Knoxville, Tenn
Long Beach, Calif
Los Angeles, Calif
Louisville, Ky
Lowell, Mass
Lynn, Mass
Memphis, Tenn
Miami, Fla
Milwaukee, Wis
Minneapolis, Minn
Nashville, Tenn
Newark, N. J
New Bedford, Mass.-.
New Haven, Conn
New Orleans, La
New York, N.Y
Norfolk, Va__,_
Oakland, Calif
Oklahoma City, Okla.
Omaha, Nebr..
Paterson, N. J
Peoria, 111
Philadelphia, Pa
Pittsburgh, Pa
Portland, Oreg
Providence, R.I
Reading, Pa
Richmond, Va
Rochester, N. Y
St. Louis, Mo
St. Paul, Minn
Salt Lake City, Utah..
San Antonio, Tex
San Diego, Calif
San Francisco, Calif...
Seranton, Pa
Seattle, Wash
Somerville, Mass
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
5
1
21
22
15
3
1
4
{')
47
14
18
3
28
9
7
10
1
20
12
9
1
5
10
12
3
13
5
3
1
10
10
1
16
96
4
4
3
7
27
13
1
1
11
1
26
Rape
13
10
30
1
20
(0
14
4
3
2
46
8
8
2
8
2
6
101
2
2
8
6
12
2
2
6
2
10
3
2
3
4
86
4
2
2
6
242
1
7
3
1
32
17
1
5
9
1
15
6
4
5
3
9
3
Rob-
bery
28
6
101
115
65
43
2
39
9
15
20
17
1,183
119
262
126
45
24
25
39
226
11
5
15
8
10
7
30
13
15
17
1
2
58
87
35
37
6
13
176
46
2
6
110
61
6
74
59
43
Y
33
308
22
58
47
20
5
7
124
283
92
5
8
31
5
71
58
13
74
7
89
5
46
5
Aggra-
vated
assault
33
10
112
4
49
36
79
2
29
21
373
89
65
50
114
23
13
1
210
1
3
7
9
10
45
5
9
32
6
16
69
63
55
14
15
12
110
125
1
2
186
228
10
25
103
99
5
3
140
657
66
29
26
15
20
6
199
32
16
13
13
199
16
111
8
11
76
10
73
11
27
2
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
entering
240
75
692
500
416
215
89
130
63
104
146
119
3,236
274
512
474
363
96
196
191
752
89
98
91
122
56
88
186
114
233
64
105
146
320
414
356
170
80
223
1,612
585
67
90
277
199
129
459
125
267
87
196
222
747
190
316
213
41
153
96
564
364
476
88
51
315
101
436
299
193
334
45
315
92
706
45
Larceny— theft
$50
and
over
59
19
157
165
88
199
33
66
15
75
0)
17
780
140
67
125
60
19
50
9
180
16
20
14
19
9
5
48
20
19
8
13
61
101
(')
127
(')
48
41
570
128
6
17
13
42
54
65
158
86
17
32
78
(')
24
42
30
8
8
4
197
178
128
32
26
97
36
(')
72
19
158
30
(')
9
110
10
Under
$50
365
178
753
647
505
553
178
531
119
85
282
261
3,051
913
2,099
821
1,577
614
202
414
4, 299
203
134
239
80
256
81
440
307
641
87
332
304
767
959
610
192
134
348
1,949
708
72
216
176
158
868
228
245
820
185
253
234
1,830
473
702
519
104
51
46
556
236
832
228
110
950
410
2,632
502
319
573
153
1,583
86
611
67
Auto
theft
69
60
281
517
HI
695
96
193
111
64
45
129
877
221
480
232
247
120
120
116
867
44
36
46
84
62
35
135
53
55
48
57
84
276
345
98
54
98
107
1,673
261
37
43
66
124
122
445
142
374
42
150
178
1,976
102
266
50
196
60
71
596
537
168
45
53
176
100
346
132
121
208
144
806
53
299
33
' Larcenies not separately reported.
* Not reported.
Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
Table 33.-
57
-Number of offenses known to the police, April to June, inclusive,
1936 — Continued
City
South Bend, Ind...
Spokane, Wash
Springfield, Mass..
SjTacuse, N. V
Tacoma, Wash
Tampa, Fla
Toledo, Ohio
Tulsa, Okla..
riita.N. Y
Washinpton, D. C.
AVaterbury, Conn. .
Wichita, Kans
Wilmington, Del_.
Worcester, Mass
Yonkers, N. Y
Youngstown, Ohio.
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
17
....
liaise
1
1
13
1
10
2
14
....
Rob-
bery
3
1
38
Aggra-
vated
assault
8
14
15
3
8
/
9
5
3
15
68
29
29
19
1
2
190
165
3
8
1
13
3
10
42
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
entering
65
171
90
75
130
116
304
221
42
569
37
120
59
153
27
173
Larceny— theft
$50
and
over
15
44
38
25
9
45
113
51
16
225
6
18
36
55
4
19
Under
$50
90
450
356
196
161
89
586
434
143
1,350
63
406
116
62
77
272
Auto
theft
61
73
66
99
64
47
232
46
17
707
71
23
52
142
77
110
Offenses Knoun to Sheriffs, State Police, and Other Rural Officers, 1936.
In compiling national crime data a distinction is made between
crimes committed in urban communities and those in rural portions
of the United States. The figures presented in the preceding tabula-
tions in this publication represent crimes committed in urban com-
munities (cities and villages with more than 2,500 inhabitants).
Available data concerning crimes committed in rural portions of the
United States are presented in table 34, which is based on reports
received from 464 sheriffs, 90 pohce agencies in villages, and 4 State
police organizations. For comparative purposes, there are presented
below percentage distributions of rural and urban crimes:
Offense
Total
Larceny
Burglary. . .
Auto theft.
Percent
Urban
Rural
100.0
100.0
51.2
23.3
15.7
45.3
29.9
10.5
Offense
Robbery
Assault
Rape
M urder
Negligent manslaughter
Percent
Urban Rural
4.6
3.7
0.6
.5
.4
4.5
5.4
2.0
1.3
1. 1
The above compilation discloses that 9.8 percent of the rural crimes
were offenses against the person (homicide, rape, and aggravated
assault), whereas only 5.2 percent of all crimes reported in urban areas
were of those classifications. It will be noted that 51.2 percent of
the urban crimes were larcenies, wdiereas only 45.3 percent of the
rural crimes were larcenies. This may be due to the fact that some
of the reports represeiiting rural crimes indicate the possibihty that
they were limited to instances in which arrests w^ere made. Incom-
pleteness of this sort in the reports of rural crimes will tend to increase
the percentage of rural crimes against the person because such
offenses are much more generally followed by arrests than are the
less serious offenses against property.
85414°— 36 3
58
Table 34. — Offenses known, January to June 1936, inclusive, as reported by J^6^.
sheriffs, 4 State police organizations, and 90 village officers
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
Offenses known,-. __. .
332
287
523
1,152
1,377
7,676
11,601
2,701
Offenses Known in the Possessions of tlie United States.
In table 35 there are shown available data concerning the number
of offenses known to law-enforcement agencies in the possessions of
the United States. The tabulation includes reports from Hawaii
County, Honolulu (city and county), Territory of Hawaii; the Canal
Zone ; and Puerto Rico. The figures are based on both urban and rural
areas and the population figures from the 1930 decennial census are
indicated in the table.
With reference to the figures presented for the Canal Zone, it should
be noted that the Federal Bureau of Investigation has been advised
that less than one-third of the persons arrested for offenses committed
in the Canal Zone are residents thereof. It appears, therefore, that
a large proportion of the crime committed in the Canal Zone is attribu-
table to transients and other nonresidents.
Table 35. — Number of offenses known in United States possessions, January to
June 1936
[Population figures from Federal Census, Apr. 1, 1930]
Criminal homi-
cide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Bur-
glary-
break -
ing or
enter-
ing
Larceny —
theft
Jurisdiction reporting
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Over
$50
1
51
6
61
Under
$50
Auto
theft
Hawaii:
Hawaii County, popula-
tion, 73,325; number of
oflenses known..- . .
3
2
2
102
12
1
63
7
5
3
34
8
3
27
3
19
4
949
9
553
39
315
64
893
110
1,755
3
Honolulu, city and county,
population, 202,923; num-
ber of offenses known
Isthmus of Panama:
Canal Zone, population,
39,367; number of offenses
known . .-
161
18
Puerto Rico:
Population, 1,543,913; num-
ber of oflenses known
52
59
Data from Supplementary Offense Reports.
Since Januiuy 1935 the Bureau has been distributing supplementary
offense reports to cities witli over 100,000 inliabitants, wliich provide
for Hstinc: more detailed information concerning the major offenses
conmiittcd. In tables 36, 3()-A, and 36-3 there is presented informa-
tion compiled from the supplementary offense reports submitted by
39 cities having an aggregate population of 14,458,197. The period
covered by the tables is from April to June,inclusive, of the current year.
Examination of the figures in table 36 shows that of 2,572 robberies
reported, 1,585 (61.6 percent) were conmaitted on city liighways and
762 (29.6 percent) were robberies of commercial establishments.
The 39 cities whose reports were em])loyed in table 36 reported 10,448
burglaries. Slightly more than one-half of that number were bur-
glaries of dwelling houses.
With reference to the time of day the burglaries were perpetrated,
it is sllow^l that more than 78 percent of the total reported were
committed at night. However, it will be observed that 33.6 percent
of the burglaries of residences occurred during the day, whereas only
10 percent of such crimes committed in other places occurred in the
daytime.
Figures for larceny disclose that of a total of 22,091 cases there were
5,532 in wliich the value of property stolen was less than $5. In
2,776 of the cases the value of property stolen was in excess of $50.
Furthermore, table 36 show^s with reference to the type of offense
committed that 400 were cases of pocket-picking and 606 were
instances of purse-snatching.
Table 36. — Number of known offenses with divisions as to the nature of the criminal
act, time and place of commission, and value of property stolen, April to June,
inclusive, 1936; 39 cities over 100,000
[Total population, 14,458,197, as estimated July 1, I9:i:i, by the Bureau of the Census
Classification
Number
of actual
olfenses
Classification
Number
of actual
offenses
Rape:
Forcible
153
129
Larceny— theft (except auto theft)
(grouped according to value of article
stolen):
Over SSO
Statutory .
2 776
Total
282
$5 to $50
13 783
Under $5
5,532
Robberv:
1,585
549
167
^6
128
0
97
Total
Highway
22,091
Commercial bouse
Larceny— theft (grouped as to type of
offense):
Pocket -picking
Oil station . j
Chain store
Residence
400
Bank
Purse-snatching
fiOfi
M iscellaneous.
All other
21, 085
Total
Total..
2,572
22,091
Burglary — breaking or entering:
Residence (liwelling):
Committeil (luring night
3,474
1,754
4,699
521
Committed during day _
All other (store, office, etc.):
Committed during night.-
Committed during day
Total
10, 448
60
The figures presented in table 36-A show that the poHce depart-
ments of the 39 cities submitting the supplementary offense reports
during the second quarter of 1936 reported 6,357 automobiles stolen
during that period, 6,023 being recovered. The percentage of recov-
eries of stolen automobiles for the second quarter of 1936 is 94.7.
Table 3Q- A.— Recoveries of stolen automobiles, April to June, inclusive, 1936; 39
cities over 100,000
[Total population, 14,458,197, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Number of automobiles stolen 6, 357
Number of automobiles recovered 6, 023
Percentage recovered 94. 7
Table 36-B includes information regarding the value of property
stolen and the value of property recovered during the period from
April to June, inclusive, of the current year. The total value of
property stolen was $3,616,545.59, and of that amount 62.1 percent
($2,247,056.49) was recovered. The value of stolen automobiles con-
stituted 54.1 percent of the total value of all property stolen, as
reported for the 39 cities. Exclusive of automobiles, the value of
property stolen was $1,658,459.94, whereas the value of property
recovered was $408,546.24.
Table 36-B. — Value cf property stolen and value of property recovered with divi-
sions as to type of property involved, April to June, inclusive, 1936; 39 cities over
100,000
[Total population, 14,458,197 as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Type of property
Currency, notes, etc
Jewelry and precious metals
Furs
Clothing
Locally stolen automobiles..
Miscellaneous
Total.
Value of prop-
erty stolen
$429, 883. 55
510, 166. 11
39, 778. 28
207, 177. %
1, 958, 085. 65
471, 454. (H
3, 616, 545. 59
Value of prop-
erty recovered
$61, 149. 48
105, 341. 77
6, 771. 28
57, 985. 10
1, 838, 510. 25
177, 298. 61
2, 247, 056. 49
61
Number of Police Department Employees, 1935.
In tlie first and second (luartorly issues of tlio l)ulletin for last year,
there were included tables sliovving tlie average number of police
department employees, together with the number of such employees
for each 1,000 inhabitants, based on reports from cities with a popu-
lation in excess of 10,000 received by the FBI during 1934. A
similar compilation based on reports forwarded to tlie FBI during
1935 presenting data for individual cities with over 2,500 inhabitants
is shown in table 38, and in table 37 may be found the average number
of employees for six groups of cities di\'ided according to size.
AVERAGE NUMBER OF
POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES. 1935
NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES PER 1,000 INHABITANTS
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
2.5
1
37 CITIES -
1
POPULATION OVER 250,000
57 CITIES —
POPULATION 100,000 TO 250,0C
50
)
>
103 CITIES -
POPULATION 50,000 TO 100,00
186 CITIES —
POPULATION 25,000 TO 60.00C
)
563 CITIES -7
1
POPULATION 10,000 TO 25,00(
1,004 CITIES-
1
POPULATION 2^00 TO 10,000
1 1 1
Figure 8.
The average number of employees per 1,000 inhabitants for cities
in group 1, as shown in table 37, was obtained by ascertaining the
total number of employees in the police departments of the 37 cities
represented. The figure was then divided by the total population of
those 37 cities. The data for the remaining groups of cities were
compiled in a similar manner. Population figures employed were
estimates as of July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census for all cities
with population in excess of 10,000. No estimates were available,
however, for those with a smaller number of inhabitants and, accord-
ingly, for them the figures listed in the 1930 decennial census were used.
The information appearing in table 37 is also shown in chart 8.
62
Table 37. — Average number of police department employees, 19S5
Population group
Average
number of
police
employees
Average
number of
employees
per 1,000
inhabitants
GROUP I
37 cities over 250,000; total population, 29,695,500.
C2, 372
11,094
8,726
7,573
8,390
5,948
2 1
GROUP II
57 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total population, 7,850,312
1 4
GROUP III
103 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total population, 6,889,307 .
1.3
GROUP IV
186 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total population, 6,486,221
1.2
GROUP V
563 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total population, 8,681,962
1.0
GROUP VI
1,004 cities, 2,500 to 10,000; total population, 5,495,812.
1. 1
Table 38. — Number of police department employees, 1935
CITIES WITH OVER 250,000 INHABITANTS
City
Birmingham, Ala..
Los Angeles, Calif..
Oakland, Calif
San Francisco, Calif
Denver, Colo
Washington, D . C . .
Atlanta, Ga
Chicago, 111
Indianapolis, Ind...
Louisville, Ky
Nevr Orleans, La
Baltimore, Md
Boston, Mass
Detroit, Mich
Minneapolis, Minn.
St. Paul, Minn
Kansas City, Mo...
St. Louis, Mo
Jersey City, N. J...
Average
number
of em-
ployees
231
2,646
373
1,361
387
1,398
420
6,467
542
436
842
1,896
2,329
3,843
499
321
676
2,290
1,029
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
0.8
2.0
1.3
2.1
1.3
2.8
1.5
1.9
1.5
1.4
1.8
2.3
3.0
2.3
1.0
1.2
1.6
2.8
3.2
City
Nevrark, N.J
Buffalo, N.Y...
New York, N. Y
Rochester, N. Y.
Akron, Ohio
Cincinnati, Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio.
Columbus, Ohio.
Toledo, Ohio....
Portland, Oreg..
Philadelphia, Pa
Pittsburgh, Pa..
Providence, R . I
Memphis, Tenn.
Dallas, Tex
Houston, Tex...
Seattle, Wash...
Milwaukee, Wis.
Average
number
of em-
ployees
1,296
1,267
18, 459
454
189
627
1,614
324
385
417
5, 119
1,079
533
271
261
340
593
1,158
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
2.9
2.2
2.6
L4
.7
L4
1.8
1.1
1.3
1.3
2.6
1.6
2.1
1.0
.9
1.1
1.6
1.9
CITIES WITH 100,000 TO 250,000 INHABITANTS
Long Beach, Calif.-
San Diego, Calif...
Bridgeport, Conn..
Hartford, Conn
New Haven, Conn.
Waterbury, Conn..
Wilmington, Del...
Jacksonville, Fla...
Miami, Fla
Tampa, Fla
Peoria, 111
Evansville, Ind
Fort Wayne, Ind...
Gary, Ind
South Bend, Ind...
Des Moines, Iowa..
Kansas City, Eans.
194
223
257
420
406
190
150
180
199
113
124
146
125
130
99
150
116
1.2
1.4
1.7
2.5
2.5
1.9
1.4
1.3
1.8
1.1
1.1
1.4
1.0
1.2
.9
1.0
.9
Wichita, Kans
Cambridge, Mass
Fall River, Mass
Lowell, Mass
Lynn, Mass
New Bedford, Mass.
Somerville, Mass
Springfield, Mass
Worcester, Mass
Flint, Mich
Grand Rapids, Mich
Duluth, IMinn
Omaha, Nebr _ _
Camden, N. J
Elizabeth, N.J
Paterson, N. J
Trenton, N.J
106
228
195
172
174
220
15]
333
400
138
211
127
265
201
205
273
233
.9
2.0
1.7
1.7
1.7
2.0
1.4
2.2
2.0
.8
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.7
1.7
2.0
1.9
63
Table 38. — Number of police department employees, 19S5 — Continued
{'ITIES WITH 100,000 TO 250,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Albany, N. Y..
Syracuse, N. Y
Utica, N. Y
Yonlcers, N. Y
Canton, Ohio
Dayton, Ohio
Youucstown, Ohio...
Oklahoma City, Okla
Tulsa, Okla
Erie, Pa
Reading, Pa. --
Scranton, Pa
AveraKe
number
of em-
ployees
3r*
336
168
285
74
195
169
216
132
112
160
171
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
2.8
1.6
1.6
2.0
.7
.9
1.0
1. I
.9
.9
1.4
1.2
City
Chattanooga, Tenn..
Knoxville, Tenn
Nashville, Tenn
El Paso, Tex--
Fort Worth, Tex
San Antonio, Tex
Salt Lake City, Utah
Norfolk, Va
Richmond, Va
Spokane, Wash
Tacoma, Wash
Average
number
of em-
ployees
102
128
200
81
204
217
155
250
284
127
106
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
.8
1.2
1.3
.8
1.2
.9
1.1
1.9
1.5
1. 1
1.0
CITIES WITH 50,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS
Mobile, Ala.
Montgomery, Ala
Phoenix, Ariz
Little Rock, Ark
Berkeley, Calif
Fresno, Calif
Olendale, Calif
Pasadena, Calif..
Sacramento, Calif
San Jose, Calif
Pueblo, Colo
New Britain, Conn...
Augusta, Ga
Macon, Ga
Savannah, Qa
Berwyn, 111
Cicero, III.
Decatur, 111..
East St. Louis, 111
Evanston, 111
Oak Park, 111.
Rockford.IlL
Springfield. Ill
East Chicago, Ind
Hammond, Ind
Terra Haute, Ind
Cedar Rapids, Iowa..
Davenport, Iowa
Sioux City, Iowa
Topeka, Kans
Covington, Ky
Shrevei)ort, La-
Portland, Maine
Brockton, Mass
Holyoke, Mass-
Lawrence, Mass
Maiden, Mass
Medford, Mass
Newton, Mass
Pittsfield, Mass
Quincy, Mass
Dearborn, Mich
Hamtramek, Mich...
Highland Park, Mich
Jackson, Mich
Kalamazoo, Mich
Lansing, Mich ,
Pontiac, Mich
Saginaw, Mich.
Jackson, Miss..
St. Joseph, Mo
Springfield, Mo
102
112
71
76
66
68
70
102
118
49
44
88
92
72
162
40
69
45
55
89
75
87
90
63
75
75
55
65
92
67
62
71
127
100
94
135
109
86
132
56
141
116
94
92
57
85
75
60
79
38
103
53
1.4
1.7
1.4
.9
.8
1.3
1.0
1.3
1.2
.8
.9
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.9
.8
1.0
.8
.7
1.3
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.0
.9
.9
1.8
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.8
1.4
1.9
1.1
1.'9
2.0
1.6
1.7
1.0
1.5
.9
.9
.9
.7
1.3
.9
Lincoln, Nebr.
Manchester, N. H. .--
Atlantic City, N. J
Clifton. N.J.
East Orange, N. J
Hoboken, N. J
Irvington, N.J
Passaic, N. J
Cnion City, N. J
Binghamton, N. Y..
Mount Vernon, N. Y
New Rochelle, N. Y
Niagara Falls, N. Y....
Schenectady, N. Y
Troy, N. Y
Asheville, N. C
Charlotte, N. C
Durham, N. C
Greensboro, N. C
Winston-Salem, N. C
Cleveland Heights, Ohio
Hamilton, Ohio
Lakewood, Ohio
Springfield, Ohio
Allentowr, Pa
Altoona, Pa
Bethlehem Borough, Pa
Chester, Pa
Harrisburg, Pa
Johnstown, Pa
Lancaste"-, Pa
McKeesport, Pa
Ui)per Darby Township, Pa
Wilkes-Barre, Pa
York, Pa
Pawtucket, R. I
Woonsocket, R. I -
(Charleston, S. C
Columbia, S. C
Austin, Tex-.
Beaumont, Tex
Galveston, Tex
Port Arthur, Tex
Waco, Tex-
Roanoke, Va-.
Charleston, W. Va
Huntington, W. Va
Wheeling, AV. Va..
Kenosha, Wis
Madison, AVis
Racine, Wis -
65
.8
117
1.5
224
3.3
51
1.0
111
1.6
181
3.1
62
1.0
106
1.7
118
2.0
115
1.5
128
2.0
139
2.4
116
1.5
175
1.8
181
2.5
56
1.1
96
1. 1
60
1.0
56
1.0
92
1.2
53
.9
38
.7
58
.8
51
.7
102
1.0
61
.7
57
1.0
55
.9
108
1.3
62
.9
53
.9
57
1.0
87
1.6
94
1.1
51
.9
131
1.6
83
1.6
142
2.3
75
1.4
62
1.1
55
.9
71
1.3
15
.3
53
LO
84
L2
70
LI
71
.9
77
L2
70
L4
66
1.1
66
1.0
64
Table 38. — Nximber of police department employees, 1935 — Continued
CITIES WITH 25,000 TO 50,000 INHABITANTS
City
Gadsden, Ala
Tucson, Ariz
Fort Smith, Ark
Alameda, Calif
Alhambra, Calif
Bakersfield, Calif
Huntington Park, Calif
Inglewood, Calif
Riverside, Calif
San Bernardino, Calif
Santa Ana, Calif
Santa Barbara, Calif
Santa Monica, Calif
Stockton, Calif...
Colorado Springs, Colo
Bristol, Conn
Meriden, Conn
Middletown, Conn
New London, Conn
Norwalk, Conn
Stamford, Conn
West Hartford Town, Conn..
West Haven Town, Conn —
Orlando, Fla
Pensacola, Fla
St. Petersburg, Fla
West Palm Beach, Fla
Columbus, Ga
Alton, 111
Aurora, 111
Belleville, 111
Bloomington, 111
Danville, 111
Elgin, 111
Galesburg, 111
Joliet, 111
Maywood, 111
Moline, 111
Quincy, 111
Rock Island, 111
Waukegan, 111
Anderson, Ind
Elkhart, Ind
Kokomo, Ind
Lafayette, Ind
Michigan City, Ind
Mishawaka, Ind
Muncie, Ind
New Albany, Ind
Richmond, Ind
Burlington, Iowa
Clinton, Iowa
Council Bluffs, Iowa
Dubuque, Iowa
Ottumwa, Iowa
Waterloo, Iowa
Hutchinson, Kans
Ashland, Ky
Lexington, Ky
Newport, Ky
Paducah, Ky
Baton Rouge, La
Monroe, La
Bangor, Maine
Lewiston, Maine
Cumberland, Md
Hagerstown, Md..
Arlington Town, Mass
Beverly, Mass
Brookline Town, Mass
Chelsea, Mass
Chicopee, Mass
Everett, Mass
Fltchburg, Mass
Haverhill, Mass
Revere, Mass
Salem, Mass
Taunton, Mass
Average
number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
27
0.8
38
1.1
22
.7
37
1.0
37
1.1
40
1.5
30
1.1
19
.7
30
1.0
32
.8
30
.9
40
1.1
40
1.0
55
1.1
35
1.0
32
1.1
111
2.8
17
.7
49
1.6
45
1.2
90
1.9
68
2.5
78
3.0
44
1.5
44
1.4
42
1.0
27
.9
69
1.6
32
1.0
45
.9
22
.8
32
1.0
31
.8
32
.9
30
1.0
47
LI
17
.6
24
.7
45
LI
23
.6
23
.6
41
1.0
38
1.1
29
.9
38
1.4
29
1.0
24
.8
60
1.3
15
.6
30
.9
23
.8
16
.6
26
.6
39
.9
14
.5
34
.7
30
1.1
25
.8
80
1.7
42
1.4
25
.7
35
1.1
34
1.2
42
1.4
38
1.1
41
1.0
33
1.1
55
1.4
51
2.0
131
2.7
71
1.5
52
1.1
71
1.4
56
1.4
76
1.6
46
1.2
76
1.7
53
1.4
City
Average
number
of em-
ployees
Waltham, Mass
Watertown Town, Mass
Ann Arbor, Mich
Battle Creek, Mich
Bay City, Mich
Muskegon, Mich.
Port Huron, Mich
Royal Oak, Mich
Wyandotte, Mich
Joplin, Mo
University City, Mo
Butte, Mont
Great Falls, Mont
Concord, N. H
Nashua, N. H
Belleville, N. J
Bloomfield, N. J
Garfield, N.J
Hackensack, N. J
Kearny, N. J
Montclair,N. J
New Brunswick, N. J
North Bergen Township, N. J.
Orange, N.J
Perth Amboy, N. J
Plainfleld, N. J
West New York, N. J
West Orange, N.J
Woodbridge Township, N. J.
Albuquerque, N. Mex
Amsterdam, N. Y
Auburn, N.Y
Elmira, N. Y
Jamestown, N. Y
Kingston, N. Y
Lackawanna, N. Y
Newburgh, N. Y
Poughkeepsie, N. Y
Rome, N. Y
Watertown, N. Y
White Plains, N. Y
High Point, N. C
Raleigh, N. C
Wilmington, N. C
Fargo, N. Dak
Barberton, Ohio .-
East Cleveland, Ohio
Elyria, Ohio
Lima, Ohio
Lorain, Ohio
Mansfield, Ohio
Marion, Ohio
Massillon, Ohio
Middletown, Ohio
Newark, Ohio
Norwood, Ohio
Portsmouth, Ohio
Steubenville, Ohio
Warren, Ohio
Zanesville, Ohio
Enid, Okla
Muskogee, Okla
Salem, Oreg
Aliquippa Borough, Pa
Easton, Pa..
Hazleton, Pa
Lebanon, Pa
Lower Merion Township, Pa
Nanticoke, Pa
New Castle, Pa
Norristown Borough, Pa
Sharon, Pa
Washington Borough, Pa
Wilkinsburg Borough, Pa
Williamsport, Pa
Central Falls, R. I
Cranston, R. I
East Providence Town, R. I. -
69
48
30
53
51
44
37
22
35
24
28
25
30
22
38
32
62
35
41
150
70
43
68
63
67
62
90
41
38
27
33
44
80
54
36
42
47
54
30
36
105
36
57
45
35
14
49
21
27
33
26
16
18
29
29
31
34
37
29
28
18
31
19
19
34
22
25
100
15
42
31
21
18
16
31
35
37
27
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
6d
Table 38. — Number of police department employees, 1935 — Continued
CITIES WITH 25,000 TO 50,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
t'ity
Newport, R. I
Greenville, S. C
Spartanburg, S. C...
Sfoux Falls, S. Dak.
Abilene, Tex
Amarillo, Tex
Brownsville, Tex
Corpus Christi, Tex
San Angelo, Tex
Wichita Falls, Tex..
Ogden, Utah-.
Burlington, Vt
Danville, Va,
Lynchburg, Va
Newport News, Va.
Average
number
of em-
ployees
62
50
40
50
21
29
13
19
20
42
34
31
35
50
46
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
2.2
1.7
1.3
1.4
.8
.6
.5
.6
.7
.9
.8
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.3
City
Petersburg, Va
Portsmouth, Va
Bellingham, Wash..
Everett, Wash
Clarksburg, W. Va..
Parkersburg, W. Va
Appleton, Wis
Eau Claire, Wis
Fond du Lac, Wis. .
Green Bay, Wis
La Crosse, Wis
Oshkosh, Wis
Sheboygan, Wis
Superior, Wis
West Allis, Wis
Average
number
of em-
ployees
33
40
27
29
25
22
24
20
28
39
41
43
44
64
38
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
1.2
.9
.9
.9
.9
.7
.9
.7
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.8
1.0
CITIES WITH 10,000 TO 25,000 INHABITANTS
Anniston, Ala
Decatur, Ala...
Dothan, Ala
Fairfield, Ala.
Florence, Ala —
Huntsville, Ala
Phenix City, Ala
Selma, Ala
Tuscaloosa, Ala
Blytheville, Ark
El Dorado, Ark-_
Hot Springs, Ark
Jonesboro, Ark
North Little Rock, Ark
Pine Blufl, Ark
Texarkana, .\rk
Anaheim, Calif
Beverly Hills, Calif
Brawley, Calif
Burbank, Calif
Burlingame, Calif
Compton, Calif
Eureka, Calif
Fullerton, Calif
Modesto, Calif
Monrovia, Calif
Ontario, Calif
Palo Alto, Calif
Pomona, Calif
Redlands, Calif
Richmond, Calif
Salinas, Calif
San Leandro, Calif
San Mateo, Calif
Santa Cruz, Calif
Santa Rosa, Calif
South Gate, Calif
South Pasadena, Calif
Vallejo, Calif
Ventura, Calif.
Whittier, Calif.
Boulder, Colo
Fort Collins, Colo
Grand Junction, Colo
Greeley, Colo
Trinidad, Colo
Ansonia, Conn
Danbury, Conn
Derby, Conn
East Hartford Town, Conn
Naugatuck Borough, Conn.
Norwich, Conn
Stratford Town, Conn
Wallingford, Conn
Willimantic, Conn
Daytona Beach, Fla
85414°— 36 4
18
11
14
6
8
10
8
17
18
4
11
18
10
25
12
7
12
40
11
26
15
17
19
10
16
17
15
20
16
12
28
15
10
14
16
11
20
10
13
14
13
9
7
7
10
10
12
21
10
17
30
38
15
24
21
27
0.8
.6
.8
.5
.7
.8
.6
.9
.8
.4
.6
.8
1.0
1.2
.6
.6
1.0
2.0
1.0
1.4
1.0
1.2
1.8
.8
1.1
1.4
1.0
1.3
.7
.8
1.4
1.3
.8
1.0
1.1
1.0
I'.O
.7
.9
1.1
.8
.8
.6
.7
.8
.9
.6
.9
.9
.9
2.1
1.6
.7
2.1
1.7
1.5
Gainesville, Fla
Lakeland, Fla
St. Augustine, Fla..
Sanford, Fla
Tallahassee, Fla
Albany, Ga
Athens, Ga
Brunswick, Ga
Decatur, Ga
La Grange, Ga
Rome, Ga
Thomasville, Ga
Boise, Idaho
Pocatello, Idaho
Blue Island, 111
Brookfield, 111
Cairo, 111
Calumet City, lU...
Canton, 111
Centralia, 111
Champaign, 111
Chicago Heights, 111
East Moline, 111
Elmhurst, 111
Elmwood Park, 111..
Forest Park, 111
Freeport, 111
Harrisburg, 111
Harvey, 111
Highland Park. 111..
Jacksonville, 111
Kankakee, 111
Kewanee, 111
La Grange, 111
La Salle, III..-.
Lincoln, 111
Mattoon, 111
Melrose Park, 111....
Mount Vernon, 111..
Ottawa, III
Park Ridge, 111
Pekin, 111.
Sterling, 111
Streator, 111
Urbana,Ill
West Frankfort, 111.,
Wilmette, 111
Winnetka, 111
Bedford, Ind...
Bloomington, Ind...
Connersville, Ind
Crawfordsville, Ind.
Elwood, Ind
Frankfort, Ind
Goshen, Ind
Huntington, Ind
12
16
14
4
11
18
19
13
9
21
20
8
18
19
18
11
12
10
7
9
16
20
7
14
10
14
17
4
14
14
15
15
15
12
10
5
12
14
6
12
12
12
6
10
8
4
14
17
9
13
10
12
9
13
5
13
1.1
.8
1.2
.4
1.0
1.2
1.0
.9
.6
1.0
.9
.7
.8
1.1
1.0
1.0
.9
.8
.6
.7
.8
.9
.7
.9
.8
.9
.8
.3
.8
1.1
.8
. 7
.9
1.1
.8
.4
.8
1.2
.5
.8
1.0
. (
.6
.3
.8
1.3
.6
.7
.8
1.2
.8
1.1
.5
1.0
66
Table 38. — Niimber of police department employees, 1935 — Continued
CITIES WITH 10,000 TO 25,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Jeffersonville, Ind
La Porte, Ind
Logansport, Ind
Marion, Ind
New Castle, Ind
Peru, Ind
Shelbyville, Ind
Vincennes, Ind
Whiting, Ind
Ames, Iowa
Boone, Iowa
Fort Dodge, Iowa
Fort Madison, Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa
Keokuk, Iowa
Marshalltown, Iowa
Mason City, Iowa
Muscatine, Iowa
Newton, Iowa
Oskaloosa, Iowa
Arkansas City, Kans
Atchison, Kans
Chanute, Kans
CoSeyville, Kans
Dodge City, Kans
El Dorado, Kans
Emporia, Kans
Fort Scott, Kans
Independence, Kans
Lawrence, Kans
Leavenworth, Kans
Manhattan, Kans
Newton, Kans
Parsons, Kans
Pittsburg, Kans
Salina, Kans
Bowling Green, Ky
Fort Thomas, Ky
Frankfort, Ky
Henderson, Ky
Hopkinsville, Ky
Owensboro, Ky
Alexandria, La
Bogalusa, La
La Fayette, La.
Lake Charles, La
Auburn, Maine
Augusta, Maine
Biddeford, Maine
South Portland, Maine
Waterville, Maine
Westbrook, Maine
Annapolis, Md
Frederick, Md
Salisbury, Md
Adams Town, Mass
Amesbury Town, Mass
Athol Town, Mass
Attleboro, Mass
Belmont Town, Mass
Braintree Town, Mass
Clinton, Mass
Danvers Town, Mass
Dedham Town, Mass
Easthampton Town, Mass.
Fairhaven Town, Mass
Framinghara Town,Mass--
Gardner, Mass
Gloucester, Mass
Greenfield Town , Mass
Leominster, Mass
Marlborough, Mass
Melrose, Mass
Methuen Town, Mass
Milford Town, Mass
Milton Town, Mass
Natick Town, Mass
Average
number
of em-
ployees
10
15
21
28
14
14
5
14
20
9
10
16
7
10
15
9
21
17
8
8
10
13
7
21
9
10
10
9
8
12
21
9
5
10
11
15
16
9
13
16
13
23
27
10
8
14
15
20
17
10
11
6
14
18
14
13
9
6
27
39
18
8
11
16
13
10
23
19
40
14
25
17
36
24
13
30
15
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
.8
.9
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.1
.5
.8
1.8
.8
.8
.7
.5
.6
1.0
.5
.9
1.0
.6
.8
.7
1.0
.7
1.3
.8
1.0
.7
.8
.6
.9
1.2
.9
.4
.7
.6
.7
1.3
.8
1.1
1.4
1.2
1.0
1.1
.7
.5
1.1
1.0
.7
.7
.5
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.0
.7
.6
1.2
1.7
1.1
.6
.8
1.0
1.2
.9
1.0
1.0
1.6
.9
1.1
1.1
1.5
1.1
.9
1.7
1.1
City
Needham Town, Mass
Newburyport, Mass
North Adams, Mass
Northampton, Mass.
North Attleboro Town, Mass-
Norwood Towti, Mass
Peabody, Mass
Plymouth, Mass..
SaugusTown, Mass
Southbridge Town , Mass
Stoneham Town, Mass
Swanipscott Town, Mass
Wakefield Town, Mass
Webster Town, Mass
Wellesley Town, Mass
Westfield, Mass
West SpringfieldTown, Mass
Winchester Town, Mass
Winthrop, Mass
Woburn, Mass
Adrian, Mich
Alpena, Mich
Benton Harbor, Mich
Ecorse, Mich
Escanaba, Mich
rerndale,Mich
Grosse Pointe Park, Mich —
Holland, Mich
Iron Mountain, Mich
Ironwood, Mich --
Lincoln Park, Mich..
Marquette, Mich
Menominee, Mich
Monroe, Mich
Mount Clemens, Mich
Muskegon Heights, Mich
Niles, Mich
Owosso, Mich
River Rouge, Mich
Saulte Ste. Marie, Mich
Traverse City, Mich
Ypsilanti, Mich.
Albert Lea, Minn... —
Austin, Minn
Brainerd, Minn
Faribault, Minn
Hibbing, Minn
Mankato, Minn
Rochester, Minn
St. Cloud, Minn
South St. Paul, Minn
Virginia, Minn
Winona, Minn
Biloxi, Miss
Clarksdale, Miss
Columbus, Miss
Greenville, Miss
Greenwood, Miss
Gulfport, Miss
Hattiesburg, Miss
Laurel, Miss
McComb, Miss
Natchez, Miss
Vicksburg, Miss
Cape Girardeau, Mo
Hannibal, Mo
Independence, Mo
Jeflerson City, Mo
Maplewood, Mo
Moberly, Mo
St. Charles, Mo
Sedalia, Mo
Webster Groves, Mo
Anaconda, Mont
Billings, Mont
Helena, Mont
Missoula, Mont
Average
number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
17
1.5
26
1.7
25
1.2
22
.9
15
1.4
20
1.3
44
2.0
13
1.0
13
.8
14
1.0
11
1.1
16
1.5
50
3.0
37
2.8
25
2.0
23
1.2
24
1.4
21
1.6
19
1.1
19
1.0
11
.8
8
.7
13
.8
18
1.3
11
.7
22
.9
34
2.6
9
.6
5
.4
14
1.0
12
1.0
10
.7
7
.7
19
1.0
11
.8
13
.8
9
.8
12
.8
26
1.4
11
.8
7
.5
15
1.4
6
.6
14
1.1
5
.5
8
.6
31
2.0
14
1.0
21
LO
18
.8
12
1.1
40
3.3
19
.9
9
.6
16
1.5
9
.8
13
.9
9
.8
14
1.1
15
.8
12
.6
7
.7
17
1.3
26
1.1
15
.9
23
1.0
14
.9
13
.6
35
2.6
10
.7
9
.8
12.
.6
15
.8
4
.3
15
,9
14
1.2
14
.9
67
Table 38. — Number of police department employees, 1935 — Continued
CITIES WITH 10,000 TO 25,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Beatrice, Nebr
Fremont, Nebr
Grand Island, Nebr
Hastings, Nebr -.
Norfolk, Nebr -..
North Platte, Nebr
Reno, Nev..
Berlin, N.H
Claremont Town, N. H
Dover, N. H
Keene, N. H
Laconia, N. H
Portsmouth, N. H
Rochester, N. II
Bridgeton, N. J..
Burlington, N. J..
Carteret, N. J..
ClitTside Park, N. J
Collingswood, N. J
Cranford Township, N. J
Dover, N. J
Englewood, N. J
Gloucester, N. J —
Harrison, N. J
Hawthorne, N. J...
Hillside Township, N.J
Linden, N. J
Lodi, N. J..
Long Branch, N. J
Lyndhurst Township, N. J..
Maplewood Township, N. J .
Millville, N. J
Morristown, N. J —
Neptune Township, N. J
Nutley, N. J.
Pensauken Township, N. J..
Phillipsburg, N. J
Pleasantville, N. J
Rahway, N. J
Red Bank N.J
Ridgefield Park, N.J
Ridgewood, N. J
Roselle, N. J
Rutherford, N. J
South Orange, N.J
South River, N. J
Summit, N.J
Teaneck Townshij:), N.J
Union Township, N. J
Weehawken Township, N. J.
Westfield. N. J
Roswell, N. Mex
Santa Fe, N. Mex
Batavia, N. Y..
Beacon, N. Y
Cohoes, N. Y
Corning, N. Y
Cortland, N. Y
Dunkirk, N.Y
Endicott, N. Y
Floral Park, N. Y
Freeport, N. Y
Fulton, N.Y
Geneva, N. Y
Glen Cove, N. Y
Glens Falls, N. Y
Gloversville, N. Y
Hempstead, N. Y.
Herkimer, N. Y...
Hornell, N.Y
Hudson, N. Y
Irondequoit Town, N.Y
Ithaca, N. Y
Johnson City, N. Y
Johnstown, N. Y
Kenmore, N. Y
Average
number
of em-
ployees
6
9
21
11
10
9
28
23
6
14
27
17
19
5
12
10
18
22
16
18
9
39
17
47
9
25
49
27
39
21
40
9
22
19
30
15
15
15
23
18
15
30
17
21
35
11
26
28
25
60
27
8
8
16
14
29
14
13
19
13
18
32
17
17
32
21
19
39
12
15
17
6
18
11
8
16
Niunber
per 1.000
inhabi-
tants
.6
.8
1. 1
.7
.9
. 7
1.4
1.1
.5
1.0
1.9
1.3
1.3
.5
.8
.9
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.5
.9
2.1
1.2
3.0
. 7
1.3
2.3
2.2
2.0
1.1
1.7
.6
1.4
1.7
1.3
.8
.8
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.4
City
1.7
1.5
1.6
.7
.7
.9
1.2
1.2
.9
.8
1.1
.8
1.6
1.9
1.4
1.0
2.6
1. 1
.8
2.3
1.1
.9
1.4
.3
.8
.8
.7
.9
Little Falls, N. Y
Lockport, N. Y..
Lynbrook, N. Y
Mamaroneck, N. Y
Massena, N. Y
Middletown, N. Y
North Tonawanda, N. Y,
Ogdensburg, N. Y.
Olean, N. Y
Oneida, N. Y
Oneonta, N. Y...
Ossining, N. Y
Oswego, N. Y
Peekskill, N. Y
Plattsburg, N. Y
Port Chester, N. Y
Port Jervis, N. Y
Rensselaer, N. Y
Rockville Centre, N.Y.
Saratoga Springs, N. Y-.
Tonawanda, N. Y
Concord, N. C _.
Gastonia, N. C
Goldsboro, N. C
Kinston, N. C
Rocky Mount, N. C
Salisbury, N. C
Shelby, N.C
Thomasville, N. C
Wilson, N.C
Bismarck, N. Dak
Grand Forks, N. Dak...
Minot, N. Dak-.
Alliance, Ohio
Ashland, Ohio
AshtabuJa, Ohio..
Bellaire, Ohio
Bucyrus, Ohio
Cambridge, Ohio
Campbell, Ohio
Chillicothe, Ohio
Coshocton, Ohio
Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio...
East Liverpool, Ohio
Euclid, Ohio..
Findlay, Ohio
Fostoria, Ohio
Fremont, Ohio
Garfield Heights, Ohio..
Ironton, Ohio
Lancaster, Ohio.
Marietta, Ohio
Martins Ferry, Ohio
New Philadelphia, Ohio
Niles, Ohio
Painesville, Ohio
Parma Village, Ohio
Piqua, Ohio
Salem, Ohio
Sandusky, Ohio
Shaker Heights, Ohio...
Struthers, Ohio
Tiffin, Ohio
Wooster, Ohio
Xenia, Ohio
Ada, Okla.
Ardmoro, Okla.._
Bartlesville, Okla
Chickasha, Okla.
McAIester, Okla
Okmulgee, Okla..
Ponca City, Okla
Sapulpa, Okla..
Shawnee, Okla
Wewoka, Okla
Astoria, Oreg
Average
Number
number
per I.IKH)
of em-
inhabi-
ployees
tants
8
.7
25
1.1
30
2.3
26
2.0
9
.8
22
1.0
26
1.3
13
.8
19
.9
10
.9
12
.9
18
1. 1
22
1.0
21
1.2
11
.8
38
1.6
19
1.8
15
1.3
32
2.1
20
1.5
19
1.5
17
1.4
20
1.1
14
.9
16
1.4
20
.9
15
.9
10
.8
8
.7
17
1.3
6
.5
18
1.0
14
.8
15
.6
9
.8
17
.7
9
.7
8
.8
8
.5
12
.8
17
.9
8
.7
9
.4
6
.3
23
1.6
12
.6
7
.5
8
.6
13
.7
U
.7
11
.6
12
.8
10
.7
6
.5
/
.4
7
.6
9
.6
9
.6
6
.6
17
. (
24
1.2
8
.7
12
.7
7
.6
6
.6
12
1.0
15
.9
12
.8
12
.8
10
.8
15
.9
15
.8
9
.9
18
.7
5
.4
10
1.0
68
Table 38. — Number of police department employees, 1935 — Continued
CITIES WITH 10,000 TO 25,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Average
number
of em-
ployees
Eugene, Oreg -.-
Klamath Falls, Oreg
Medford, Oreg..
Abington Township, Pa...
Ambridge, Pa
Arnold, Pa
Beaver Palls, Pa..
Bellevue, Pa
Berwick, Pa..
Braddock, Pa
Bradford, Pa
Bristol Borough, Pa
Butler, Pa
Cannonsburg Borough, Pa_
Carlisle Borough, Pa
Carnegie Borough, Pa
Chambersburg Borough, Pa..
Charleroi Borough, Pa
C heltenham Township, Pa. . .
Clairton, Pa
Coatesville, Pa
Connellsville, Pa
Conshohocken Borough, Pa._
Coraopolis Borough, Pa
Dickson City Borough, Pa...
Donora Borough, Pa
Dormont Borough, Pa
DuBois, Pa...
Dunmore Borough, Pa
Duquesne, Pa
Ellwood City Borough, Pa. . .
Farrell Borough, Pa
Franklin, Pa
Greensburg, Pa
Hanover Borough, Pa
Haverford Township, Pa
Homestead, Pa
Jeannette Borough, Pa
Kingston Borough, Pa
Latrobe Borough, Pa
Lewistown Borough, Pa
Mahanoy City Borough, Pa.
McK ees Rocks Borough, Pa.
Meadville, Pa
Monessen, Pa
Mount Carmel Borough, Pa,
Mt. Lebanon Township, Pa.
Munhall Borough, Pa
New Kensington Borough,
Pa
North Braddock Borough,
Pa
Oil City,'Pa".'"""I"""I^
Old Forge Borough, Pa
Olyphant Borough, Pa
Phoenixville Borough, Pa
Pittston, Pa
Plains Township, Pa
Plymouth Borough, Pa
Pottstown Borough, Pa
Pottsville, Pa
Shamokin Borough, Pa
Steelton Borough, Pa
Stowe Township, Pa _
Sunbury, Pa
Swissvale, Pa
Tamaqua Borough, Pa
Taylor Borough, Pa
Turtle Creek Borough, Pa. . .
Uniontown, Pa
Vandergrift Borough, Pa
Warren Borough, Pa
Waynesboro Borough; Pa
West Chester Borough, Pa_..
12
13
7
25
13
6
10
12
6
24
17
6
20
9
9
7
28
16
14
13
6
10
7
9
9
5
17
21
9
13
9
15
5
36
25
6
15
8
8
4
30
10
15
7
16
22
16
18
15
5
6
8
20
9
15
16
24
9
8
12
5
17
3
5
11
20
4
9
5
30
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
.6
.7
.6
1.2
.6
.5
.6
1.1
.5
1.2
.9
City
.5
.8
.5
.6
.7
.6
.6
1.7
1.0
1.0
1.0
.5
.9
.6
.6
.6
.4
.7
1.0
.7
.9
.9
.9
.4
1.5
1.2
.4
.7
.7
.6
.3
1.6
.6
.7
.4
1.0
1.6
1.1
.7
.4
.6
.7
1.1
.5
1.0
.4
.6
.9
.3
1.0
.2
.5
1.0
1.0
.3
.6
.5
2.4
Bristol Tovm, R. I.
Cumberland Town, R. I
North Providence Town,
R.I --
Warwick, R. I
Westerly Town, R. I
West Warwick Town, R. I_
Anderson, S. C
Florence, S. C
Greenwood, S. C
.Aberdeen, S. Dak
Huron, S. Dak
Mitchell, S. Dak
Rapid City, S. Dak
Watertown, S. Dak
Bristol, Tenn
Jackson, Tenn
Johnson City, Tenn
King.sport, Tenn
Big Spring, Tex
Brownwood, Tex
Cleburne. Tex
Corsicana, Tex
Del Rio, Tex
Denison, Tex
Greenville, Tex
Harlingen, Tex
Lubbock, Tex
Marshall, Tex
Pampa, Tex
Paris, Tex
Sherman, Tex
Sweetwater, Tex
Temple, Tex
Texarkana, Tex
Tyler, Tex..
Provo, Utah
Rutland, Vt
Alexandria, Va
Charlottesville, Va
Hopewell, Va
Staunton, Va
Suffolk, Va
Wixichester, Va
Aberdeen, Wash
Bremerton, Wash
Hoquiam, Wash
Longview, Wash
Olympia, Wash
Port Angeles, Wash
Vancouver, Wash
Walla Walla, Wash
Wenatchee, Wash
Yakima, Wash
Bluefleld, W. Va
Fairmont, W. Va
Morgantown, W. Va
Moundsville, W. Va
Ashland, Wis
Beloit, Wis.
Cudahy, Wis
Janesville, Wis
Manitowoc, Wis
Marinette, Wis
Shore wood Village, Wis
South Milwaukee, Wis
Stevens Point, Wis
Two Rivers, Wis
Watertown, Wis
Waukesha, Wis
Wausau, Wis
Wauwatosa, Wis
Casper, Wyo
Cheyenne, Wyo
Average
number
of em-
ployees
7
6
4
23
10
10
23
16
17
18
11
10
9
20
21
13
5
9
9
13
7
10
11
8
17
9
6
12
13
9
11
13
17
7
14
31
22
15
15
13
11
17
9
8
6
10
7
11
14
14
25
14
18
8
6
9
21
10
13
18
9
14
10
3
8
9
15
21
26
16
14
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
69
Table 38. — Number of police department employees, 1935. — Continued
CITIES WITH LESS THAN 10,000 INHABITANTS
City
Cullman, Alu
Deiuopolis, Ala
Fort Payne, Ala
Homewood, Ala
Lanett. Ala
Russell ville, Ala.
Sheffield, Ala
Sylacauga, Ala
Tarrant City, Ala
Bisbee, Ariz
Douglas, Ariz
Olobe, Ariz -
Miami, Ariz
Nogales, Ariz
Prescott, Ariz
Winslow, Ariz
Batesville, Ark
Helena, Ark
Hope, Ark
Marianna, Ark
Newport, Ark
Rogers, Ark
Searcy, Ark
Stamps, Ark_
Stuttgart, Ark
Albany, Calif
Antioch, Calif
Arcadia, Calif
Azusa, Calif
BeU, Calif
Calexico, Calif
Chico, Calif
Chino, Calif
Chula Vista, Calif
Claremont, Calif
Coalinga, Calif
Colton, Calif_
Corona, Calif
Coronado, Calif
Culver City, Calif
Daly City, Calif
Dinuba, Calif
Dunsmuir, Calif
El Centro, Calif
El Ccrrito, Calif
El Segundo, Calif
Escondido, Calif
Fillmore, Calif
Fort Bragg, Calif
Glendora, Calif..
Hawthorne, Calif
Hay ward, Calif
Hermosa Beach, Calif..
La Verne, Calif
Lodi, Calif
Lompoc, Calif--.
Los Gatos, Calif
Lynwood, Calif.
Madera, Calif
Maysville, Calif..
Maywood, Calif..-
Mill Valley, Calif-
Montebello, Calif
Monterey, Calif..
Monterey Park, Calif..
Mountain View, Calif.
Napa, Calif
National City, Calif....
Needles, Calif..
Oceanside, Calif
Orange, Calif
Oroville, Calif....
Pacific Grove, Calif
Petaluma. Calif
Piedmont, Calif.
Pittsburg, Calif ,
Porter viUe, Calif
•2
6
U
5
10
5
22
14
10
3
4
16
5
9
3
3
2
3
9
6
7
4
0
3
4
11
0
7
6
4
9
11
9
2
4
10
4
4
8
20
9
5
Average
Number
number
per 1.000
of em-
inliabi-
ployees
lants
4
1.4
3
.7
7
2.1
5
.8
ti
1.2
2
.(■)
()
1.0
(i
1.5
ti
.S
0
. /
10
1.0
5
, 1
4
.5
11
1.8
«
1.5
I
1.8
3
. t
(i
. 1
0
1.0
0
1.4
.')
1. 1
4
1.1
0
1.5
2
.7
3
.0
5
.()
3
.8
11
2.1
.0
1.0
.9
.6
1.6
4.0
1.8
1.2
. 7
4.1
2.5
1.3
1.0
1.5
1.9
1.3
2.6
.9
1.0
. 7
1.1
1.4
1. 1
1.5
1.4
.9
1. 1
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.2
.9
1.0
1.6
1.2
1.1
.9
M
1.2
.6
]. 1
1.2
1.9
. 7
1.0
2.1
.9
.9
City
Redding, Calif.
Redondo Beach, Calif
Redwood City, Calif
Roseville, Calif
San An.selmo, Calif
San Bruno, Calif
San Fernando, Calif -
San Gabriel, Calif
San Marino, Calif
San Rafael, Calif
Santa Maria, Calif...
Santa Paula, Calif -
Sausalito, Calif
Sierra Madre, Calif
Signal Hill, Calif
South San Francisco, Calif.
Sunnyvale, Calif
Taft, Calif
Torrance, Calif
Tracy, Calif
Tulare, CaUf .-.
Upland, Calif
Visalia, Calif
Watsonville, Calif... -
Woodland, Calif
Alamosa, Colo
Canon City, Colo
Durango, Colo
Englewood, Colo
Fort Morgan, Colo...
La Junta, Colo
Longmont, Colo
Loveland, Colo
Montrose, Colo
Rocky Ford, Colo
Salida, Colo
Sterling, Colo
Danielson, Conn
Groton Borough, Conn
Putnam, Conn
Southington, Conn
Winsted, Conn
Dover, Del
Newark, Del
New Castle, Del
Avon Park, Fla
Bradenton, Fla
Clearwater, Fla
Coral Gables, Fla
Fort Lauderdale, Fla
Fort Pierce, Fla
Hollywood, Fla
Kissimmee, Fla...
Leesburg, Fla
Miami Beach, Fla...
Ocala, Fla
Sarasota, Fla
Winter Haven, Fla
Americus, Ga
Cartersville, Oa
Dalton, Ga.
Elherton, Ga
Quitman, Ga
Blackfoot, Idaho
Emmett, Idaho
Idaho Falls, Idaho
Moscow, Idaho
Nampa, Idaho
Twin Falls, Idaho
Anna, 111.
Barrington, 111
Batavia, 111
Beardstown, 111
Bellwood,Ill
Belvidere, 111
Bushnell, 111
Carlia ville. 111...
Average
Number
number
per 1,000
of em-
inhabi-
ployees
tants
5
1.2
12
1.3
11
1.2
/
1.1
4
.9
9
2.5
11
1.5
10
1.4
IG
4.3
10
1.2
C
.9
5
. 7
4
1.9
4
1.1
5
1.7
t
1.1
0
1.6
3
.9
12
1.7
6
1.6
8
1.3
5
1.1
7
1.0
9
1.1
6
1.1
4
.8
3
.5
5
.9
5
.6
5
1.1
4
.6
6
1.0
4
.7
3
.8
3
.9
3
.6
4
.6
2
.5
6
1.5
12
1.6
14
2.7
1
.9
i
1.5
15
.8
3
. 7
3
.9
4
.7
10
1.3
10
1.8
8
.9
5
1.0
6
2.1
3
.9
4
1.0
39
6.0
9
1.2
6
.7
6
.8
7
.8
4
.8
7
.9
5
1.1
4
1.0
3
.9
2
.7
10
LI
3
.7
7
.9
8
.9
2
.6
3
.0
4
.8
7
1.1
10
2.0
6
.7
3
LI
3
.7
70
Table 38. — Number of police department employees, 19S5 — Continued
CITIES WITH LESS THAN 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Carbondale, 111
Carmi, 111.
Carterville, 111
Clinton, 111
DeKalb, 111
Des Plaines, HI
Dixon, 111
Dolton, 111
Downers Grove, 111. _
Duquoin, 111
Dwight, lU
East Alton, 111
East Peoria, 111
Edwardsville, 111
Flora, 111
Gillespie, 111
Glencoe, 111
Glen Ellyn, 111
Highland, 111
Highwood, 111
Hillsboro, 111
Hinsdale, 111
Homewood, 111
Hoopeston, HI
Johnston City, 111
Kenilworth, 111
Lake Forest, 111
Lemont, 111
Litchfield, 111
Lombard, 111
Lyons, 111
Macomb, 111
Madison, 111
Mount Carmel, 111.-.
Naperville, 111
Normal, 111
North Chicago, Ill._.
Pana, 111
Paris, 111
Peoria Heights, 111. . .
Peru, 111
Pinckneyville, 111
Pontiac, 111
River Forest, 111
Riverside, 111
Robinson, 111
Rochelle, ni
Silvis, 111
Taylorville, 111
Venice, 111
Villa Park, 111
Watseka, 111
Westville, 111
Wheaton, 111
Zion, 111-
Attica, Ind-. -._
Auburn, Ind
Beech Grove, Ind
Bicknell, Ind _.
Bluflton, Ind_
Boonville, Ind
Brazil, Ind
Clinton, Ind
Columbus, Ind
Franklin, Ind
Greencastle, Ind
Hartford City, Ind..
Huntingburg, Ind...
Jasonville, Ind
Kendallvilb, Ind....
Lawrenceburg, Ind..
Lebanon, Ind
Linton, Ind
Madison, Ind
Martinsville, Ind. . .
Mitchell, Ind
Mount Vernon, Ind.
.\verage
number
of em-
ployees
5
2
2
5
9
9
8
4
8
5
3
3
9
6
4
7
10
25
3
9
4
10
4
3
4
9
14
2
4
7
3
9
9
3
7
C
5
4
7
11
5
2
4
16
10
8
4
2
5
7
5
4
2
8
6
4
3
5
4
5
5
10
4
5
3
1
2
4
5
4
4
5
3
3
3
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
.7
.7
.7
.8
1.1
1.0
.8
1.4
.9
. 7
1.2
.7
1.8
1.0
.9
1.4
1.6
3.3
.9
2.5
.9
1.4
1.2
.5
.7
3.6
2.1
.8
.6
1.1
.6
1.1
1.2
.4
L4
.9
.6
. 7
.8
3.4
.5
.7
.5
1.8
1.5
2.2
1.1
1.3
.8
1.3
.5
1.1
1.0
1.1
.6
1.4
.8
1.2
.5
.6
.6
1.0
. 7
1.1
.5
.3
.6
.7
1.2
.6
.8
.8
.6
.9
.6
City
Noblesville, Ind
Petersburg, Ind
Salem, Ind
Sullivan, Ind
Valparaiso, Ind
Wabash, Ind
West Lafayette, Ind. . .
Winchester, Ind
Algona, Iowa
Atlantic, Iowa
Belle Plaine, Iowa
Centerville, Iowa
Charles City, Iowa
Clarinda, Iowa
Clarion, Iowa
Creston, Iowa
Decorah, Iowa
Fairfield, Iowa
Mount Pleasant, Iowa.
Shenandoah, Iowa
Spencer, Iowa
Washington, Iowa
Webster City, Iowa
Abilene, Kans
.\ugusta, Kans
Baxter Springs, Kans. .
Caney, Kans
Concordia, Kans
Eureka, Kans
Garden City, Kans
Garnett, Kans
Goodland, Kans
Great Bend, Kans
Hays, Kans
Herington, Kans
Hoisington, Kans
Holton, Kans
lola, Kans
Junction City, Kans. ..
Kingman, Kans
Liberal, Kans
Marysville, Kans
McPherson, Kans
Osawatomie, Kans
Ottawa, Kans
Pratt, Kans _ .
Wellington, Kans
Winfield, Kans
Catlettsburg, Ky
Danville, Ky
Dayton, Ky
Georgetown, Ky
Glasgow, Ky
Harrodsburg, Ky
Jenkins, Ky
Lebanon, Ky
Ludlow Ky
Winchester, Ky
Haynesville, La
Homer, La
Natchitoches, La _
New Iberia, La
Pineville, La
Tallulah, La
Bath, Maine
Belfast, Maine
Calais, Maine
Fort Fairfield, Maine.
Gardiner, Maine
Old Town, Maine
Rockland, Maine
Saco, Maine
Frostburg, Md
Takoma Park, Md
Abington, Mass
Andover, Mass -.
Average
Number
number
per 1,000
of em-
inhabi-
ployees
tants
4
.8
2
.8
3
.9
3
.6
8
1.0
8
.9
5
1.0
3
.7
3
.8
3
.5
3
.9
6
.7
5
.6
3
.6
5
1.9
6
.7
4
.9
3
.5
4
1.1
4
.6
3
.6
6
1.2
8
1.1
3
.5
6
1.5
4
.9
4
L4
4
.7
3
A
5
.8
3
1.1
3
.8
4
. 1
3
.6
2
A
2
.7
2
. /
6
.8
fi
A
4
1.5
4
.%
3
6
l.C
3
4
.6
4
. I.
8
c
4
.i
7
l.C
5
A
5
l.i
(
1.4
5
1.2
4
1.:
4
A
6
.
2
A
3
l.C
8
\A
6
.
2
A
4
1. ;
8
<
3
.(
/
1.;
5
l.S
8
1.'
17
2.:
35
3.<
5
4
.
t
1.
6
i.(
11
1.
71
Table 38. — Number of police department employees, 1936 — Continued
CITIES WITH LESS THAN 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Auburn, Mass
Ayer, Mass
Barnstable, Mass
Bridgewater, Mass..
Canton, Mass
Dalton, Mass
Dartmouth, Mass
Franklin, Mass
Great Barrington, Mass
Hinpham, Mass -
Hudson, Mass
Ipswich, Mass —
Lexington, Mass
Ludlow, Mass
Marblehead, Mass
Middleborough, Mass
Montague, Mass.
Nantucket, Mass.
North Andover, Miass
Northbridge, Mass -
Orange, 3V ass..
Palmer, Mass
Randolph, Mass
Reading, Mass
Rockland, Mass
Rockport, Mass
Somerset, Mass.
South Hadley, Mass
Stoughton, Mass
Uxbridge, Mass
Walpole, Mass.
Ware, Mass
Winchendon, Mass
Albion, Mich
Alma, Mich
Belding, Mich
Berkley, Mich
Bessemer, Mich
Big Rapids, Mich
Birmingham, Mich.
Cadillac, Mich
Caro, Mich
Centerline, Mich
Charlotte, Mich
Cheboygan, Mich
Clawson, Mich
Coldwater, Mich
Crystal Falls, Mich
Dowagiac, Mich
Durand, Mich
East Detroit, Mich
East Grand Rapids, Mich..
East Lansing, Mich..
Eaton Rapids, Mich
Gladstone, Mich
Grand Haven, Mich
Grand Ledge, Mich
(ireenville, Mich
Grosse Pointe, Mich —
Grosse Pointe Farms, Mich-
Hancock, Mich
Hastings, Mich
Howell, Mich...
Ionia, Mich
Iron River, Mich
Ishpeming, Mich
Kingsford, Mich
Lapeer, Alich.
Laurium, Mich...
Ludington, Mich
Manistee, Mich
Manisticjue, Mich
Marine City, Mich
Marshall, Mich
Melvindale, Mich —
Midland, Mich.
Mount Pleasant, Mich
Average
Number
number
per 1,000
of em-
inhabi-
ployees
tants
10
1.6
3
1.0
17
2.3
9
1.0
fi
1.0
2
.5
16
1.8
C
.9
6
1.0
11
1.7
7
.8
10
1.8
16
1.7
9
1.0
23
2.7
9
1.0
4
.5
5
1.4
5
.7
14
1.4
11
2. 1
12
1.3
4
.6
18
l.S
5
.7
5
1.4
3
.6
5
.7
6
.7
7
1.1
9
1.2
4
.5
10
1.6
4
.5
4
.6
1
.2
6
1.1
/
1.7
6
1.3
15
1.6
6
.6
6
2.3
4
1.5
4
.8
3
.6
3
.9
8
1.2
5
1.7
3
.5
1
.3
0
1.0
5
1.2
4
.9
3
1.1
3
.6
5
.6
5
1.4
3
.6
15
2.9
in
4.5
5
.9
2
.4
3
.8
3
.5
3
.6
8
.9
4
.7
2
.4
3
.6
6
.7
5
.6
7
1.3
'1
.0
4
.8
i
1.7
4
.5
4
.8
Munising, Mich..
Negaunee, Mich
Northville, Mich
Norway, Mich
Petosky, Mich
Pleasant Ridge, Mich
Plymouth, Mich
Rochester, Mich
Roseville, Mich
St. Clair, Mich
St. Clair Shores, Mich
St. Joseph, Mich.
South Haven, Mich
Sturgis, Mich
Three Rivers, Mich
Trenton, Mich
Wakefield, Mich
Wayne, Mich
Alexandria, Minn
Anoka, Minn
Bemidji, Minn
Blue Earth, Minn
Chisholm, Minn
Crookston, M inn
Crosby, Minn
Detroit Lakes, Minn
East Grand Forks, Minn.
Edina, Minn
Ely, Minn
Eveleth, Minn
Fairmont, Minn.
Fergus Falls, M inn
GUbert, Minn
Grand Rapids, Minn
Hastings, Minn
International Falls, Minn
Lake City, Minn
Litchfield, Minn
Little Falls, Minn
Marshall, Minn
Montevideo, Minn
Nashwauk, Minn
New Ulm, Minn
Northfield, Minn
North Mankato, Minn
Owatonna, Minn
Pipestone, Minn
Proctorknott, Minn
Red Wing, Minn
Robbinsdale, Minn
Sauk Center, Minn
Sauk Rapids, Minn.
Sleepy Eye, Minn
Thief River Falls, Minn. .
Tracy, Minn...
Two Harbors, Minn
Wadena, Minn
Waseca, Minn
Worthington, Minn
Aurora, Mo
Boonville, Mo
Cameron, Mo
Carrollton, Mo
Carthage, iMo
Clayton, Mo
Clinton, Mo
DeSoto, Mo
Excelsior Springs, Mo
Higginsville, Mo
Kirkwood, Mo.. —
Marceline, Mo ,
Marshall, Mo
Maryville, Mo
Monett, Mo
Nevada, Mo
Washington, Mo..
Bozeman, Mont
Average
Number
number
per 1,000
of em-
inhabi-
ployees
tants
3
.8
8
1.2
7
2.7
3
.7
i
.7
0
2.1
/
1.6
1
.3
5
.7
3
.9
9
1.3
7
.8
4
.8
7
1.0
7
1.0
7
1.7
6
1.6
5
1.5
3
.8
3
.6
6
.8
2
.7
14
1.7
6
.9
3
.9
4
1.1
5
1.7
3
1.0
24
3.9
20
2.7
4
.7
4
.4
5
1.8
3
.9
4
.8
4
.8
3
.9
9
.7
5
1.0
3
.9
3
.7
6
2.3
4
.5
3
.7
4
1.4
8
1.0
3
.9
1
.4
9
.9
4
.9
3
1.1
1
.4
3
1.2
3
.7
2
.8
5
1.1
4
1.6
3
.8
3
.8
3
.8
4
.6
3
.9
3
.7
5
.5
20
2.1
5
.9
3
.6
5
1.1
3
.9
9
L6
3
.8
5
.6
4
.8
4
1.0
8
1.1
4
.7
6
.9
72
Table 38. — Number of police department employees, 1935 — Continued
CITIES WITH LESS THAN 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Havre, Mont
Kalispell, Mont
Lewistown, Mont
Livingston, Mont
Roundup, Mont
Alliance, Nebr
Aurora, Nebr
Chadron, Nebr
Fairbury, Nebr
Falls City, Nebr
Kearney, Nebr
McCook, Nebr
Nebraska City, Nebr
Scottsbluff, Nebr
Schuyler, Nebr
Wahoo, Nebr
York, Nebr
Boulder City, Nev
Elko,Nev
Las Vegas, Nev
Sparks, Nev
Derry Town, N. H
Exeter, N. H
Littleton, N. H
Milford, N. H
Newport, N. H
Petersboro, N. H
Somersworth, N. H
Audubon, N. J
Bernardsville, N. J
Bogota, N. J
Boonton, N. J
Bound Brook, N. J
Bradley Beach, N. J
Butler, N.J
Cape May, N. J
Carlstadt, N. J
Clementon, N.J
Dunellen, N. J
Edgewater, N.J
Fairlawn, N. J
Fairview, N. J
Flemington, N. J
Fort Lee, N. J
Freehold, N. J
Garwood, N. J
Glassboro, N. J ---
Glen Ridge, N. J
Glen Rock, N.J
Guttenberg, N. J
Hackettstown, N.J
Haddonfleld, N. J
Haddon Heights, N. J. _ .
Hammonton, N.J
Hasbrouck Heights, N.J.
Highland Park, N. J
Hightstown, N. J
Keyport, N. J
Leonia, N. J
Madison, N. J
Manville, N. J
Margate City, N. J
Maywood, N. J
Merchantville, N. J
Metuchen, N. J
Middlesex, N. J
New Milford, N. J
Newton, N. J
Northfield, N. J
North Plainfleld, N. J--.
Ocean City, N. J
Penns Grove, N. J..
Pitman, N. J
Pompton Lakes, N.J —
Prospect Park, N. J
Ramsey, N. J... —
Rockaway, N. J
Roselle Park, N. J
Average
number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
6
4
7
6
1
5
3
3
4
6
6
3
4
8
4
2
5
10
3
12
6
5
5
6
11
13
5
11
6
8
11
5
9
9
1
5
24
12
U
2
25
4
9
3
21
7
11
2
16
10
5
12
10
5
5
13
10
3
15
14
7
14
3
9
29
6
7
8
8
6
4
10
.9
. 7
1.3
.9
.4
.7
1.1
.7
.6
1.0
. 7
.4
.6
.9
1.5
.7
.9
1.1
.9
2.3
1.3
1.0
1.4
1.8
1.7
1.1
2.4
City
1.5
.9
1.1
3.3
1.5
3.4
1.7
.4
1.0
5.9
2.0
1.2
.7
2.9
.6
2.7
2.9
1.6
1.7
.7
1.8
1.9
.7
2.1
1.2
1.7
1.0
2.4
1.3
.6
5.1
1.8
2.2
1.2
4.0
2.7
2.6
1.1
.9
5.2
1.0
1.3
2.6
1.4
1.8
1.3
1.1
Salem, N. J
Sayreville, N. J
Secaucus, N.J
Somerville, N. J
South Plainfleld, N.J
Tenafly,N. J
Verona, N.J
Vineland, N. J
Westwood, N. J
Wildwood, N. J
Woodbury, N. J
Wood Ridge, N. J
Carlsbad, N. M
Clovis, N.M
Deming, N. M
Raton, N. Mex
Albion, N.Y
Amityville, N. Y
Babylon, N.Y
Bronxville, N. Y
Canandaigua, N. Y
Canastota, N.Y
Canisteo, N. Y,
Canton, N. Y
Catskill,N. Y
Cedarhurst, N. Y
Depew, N. Y
Dobbs Ferry, N. Y
Dolgeville, N. Y
East Rochester, N. Y
East Rockaway, N. Y
Ellen ville, N. Y
Elmsford, N. Y
Farmingdale, N. Y
Fort Edward, N.Y- - _
Fort Plain, N. Y
Frankfort, N.Y
Fredonia, N. Y
Garden City, N. Y
Goshen, N.Y
Gowanda, N. Y
Greenport, N. Y
Hamburg, N. Y
Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y.
Haverstraw, N. Y
Highland Falls, N. Y
Hudson Falls, N. Y
Ilion, N. Y
Irvington, N. Y _--
Lake Placid, N. Y
Lancaster, N. Y
Larchmont, N. Y
Lawrence, N. Y
Liberty, N. Y
Lindenhurst, N. Y
Long Beach, N. Y
Lowville, N. Y
Malone, N.Y
Mechanicville, N. Y
Medina, N.Y
Monticello, N. Y
Newark, N.Y
North Pelham, N. Y
Northport, N. Y
North Tarry town, N. Y. ..
Norwich, N. Y
Nyack,N. Y..
Owego, N. Y --.
Patchogue, N. Y
Pelham Manor, N. Y
Penn Yan, N. Y
Perry,N.Y
Pleasantville, N.Y
Rye,N.Y
Salamanca, N. Y
Saranac Lake, N. Y
Average
number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
15
11
S
u
12
12
8
14
13
8
4
7
3
3
5
11
8
21
9
4
2
4
6
14
6
9
4
3
12
6
6
6
2
9
3
5
30
5
4
6
5
II
7
2
5
6
9
6
5
16
27
6
6
50
4
6
4
13
14
4
16
7
15
4
14
22
4
3
13
31
14
6
1.0
.9
1.7
1.3
1.6
1.9
1.7
L6
L6
2.6
1.6
1.6
1.1
.9
.9
.5
1.0
2.5
1.8
3.3
1.2
.9
.8
L4
1.2
2.8
.9
1.6
1.2
.5
2.8
1.8
2.0
1.8
.5
3.3
.7
.9
4.2
1.7
1.3
3.0
1.0
1.5
1.2
.7
.8
.6
2.9
2.0
.7
3.0
8.9
L8
1.5
8.6
1.2
.8
.8
1.0
1.2
1.7
2.9
1.6
2.2
.8
2.8
.8
2.0
4.5
.8
.7
2.9
3.6
1.5
.7
73
Table 38. — Number of police department employees, 1935 — Continued
CITIES WITH LESS THAN 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Saupcrties, N. Y
Searsdale, N. Y..
Scotia, N. Y
Sea ClifT, N. Y...
Seneca Falls, N. Y
Solvay, N. Y
SprinK Valley, N. Y
Sprinsville, N. Y
SufTern, N. Y.-_
Tarrytown, N. Y
Tuckahoe, N. Y
Tupper Lake, N. Y
Walden, N. Y....
Warsaw, N.Y
Watkins, Glen, N. Y
Waverly, N. Y
Wellsville, N. Y..
West Haverstraw, N. Y
WhitehaU, N. Y
Asheboro, N. C
Forest City, N. C
Hendersouville, N. C
Le.xington, N. C
Lumberton, N. C...
Mount Airy, N. C
Mount Olive, N. C
Reids villa, N. C
Southern Pines, N. C
Washinfjton, N. C
Devils Lake, N. Dak
Dickinson, N. Dak..
Jamestown, N. Dak
Mandan, N. Dak
Valley Citv, N. Dak_
Willi.<;ton, N. Dak
Barnesville, Ohio
Bedford, Ohio
Bellefontaine, Ohio
Bellevue, Ohio
Bridgeport, Ohio
Bryan, Ohio
Carey, Ohio
Celina, Ohio
Cheviot, Ohio
Circleville, Ohio
Conneaut, Ohio.
Crestline, Ohio.
Crooksviile, Ohio
Defiance, Ohio...
Delaware, Ohio
Delphos, Ohio...
Dennison, Ohio.
Dover, Ohio.
East Palestine, Ohio
Eaton, Ohio.-
Fair|)ort Harbor, Ohio
Franklin, Ohio..
Gallon, Ohio
Geneva, Ohio
Oirard, Ohio...
Olouster, Ohio...
Grandview Heights, Ohio.
Greenville, Ohio.
Hillsboro, Ohio
Hubbard, Ohio
Jackson, Ohio
Kent, Ohio
Kenton, Ohio
Lebanon, Ohio..
Lisbon, Ohio
Lockland, Ohio
Logan, Ohio
Maple Heights, Ohio
Maumee, Ohio
Miamisburg, Ohio
Minerva, Ohio
.\verage
Number
number
per 1,00(1
of em-
inhabi-
ployees
tants
5
1.2
22
2.3
8
1.1
5
1.4
4
.(',
14
l.h
6
!..'■>
3
1.2
11
2.1)
17
2. .5
14
2.3
4
.8
9
2.1
3
.9
2
. (
4
. (
4
. /
7
2.5
3
.f,
4
.8
4
1.0
8
1.6
8
.8
6
1.4
8
1.3
2
. (
10
1.4
3
1.2
7
1.0
3
.0
6
1.2
6
.7
3
.6
4
.8
3
.6
3
.7
4
.6
4
.4
7
1.1
3
.6
4
.9
3
1.1
2
.4
I
.9
5
.7
fi
.6
fi
1.4
1
.3
4
.5
6
.8
4
. 1
5
1.1
8
.8
2
.4
2
.6
6
1.2
2
.4
5
. 7
5
1,3
7
.7
1
.3
5
.8
4
.6
6
l.,5
3
.7
3
.5
t
.8
6
.8
2
.6
2
.6
6
1.1
3
..'■)
7
1.2
4
.9
4
.7
2
.7
City
Mingo Junction, Ohio ..
Montpelier, Ohio
Mount Healthy, Ohio
Mount Vernon, Ohio _.
New Boston, Ohio
North Canton, Ohio
North College Hill, Ohio
Norwalk, Ohio
Oakwood, Ohio
Oberlin, Ohio
Pomeroy, Ohio
Port Clinton, Ohio
Ravenna, Ohio..
Reading, Ohio.
Itocky River, Ohio
St. Bernard, Ohio.
St. Marys, Ohio..
Sebring, Ohio
Shadvside, Ohio
Shelby, Ohio
Sidney, Ohio
South Euclid, Ohio
Tippecanoe City, Ohio
Toronto, Ohio
Troy, Ohio...
Uhrichsville, Ohio
Urbana, Ohio
Van Wert, Ohio
Wadsworth, Ohio
Washington Court House,
Ohio
Wellston, Ohio
Westerville, Ohio
Wilmington, Ohio
Wyoming, Ohio
Alva, Okla
Blackwell, Okla
Bristow, Okla
Chandler, Okla
Claremore, Okla
Commerce, Okla _
Cushing, Okla
Drumright, Okla
Duncan, Okla
Durant, Okla...
Edmond, Okla
Elk City, Okla
El Reno, Okla
Frederick, Okla
Guthrie, Okla
Henryetta, Okla
Hobart, Okla
Uoldenville, Okla
Hominy, Okla
Hugo, Okla
Kingfisher, Okla
Mangum, Okla
Marlow, Okla
Maud, Okla
Miami, Okla
Norman, Okla
Pawhuska, Okla
Pawnee, Okla
Stillwater, Okla
Tonkawa, Okla
Vinita, Okla
Albany, Oreg
Ashland, Oreg..
Bend, Oreg
Burns, Oreg
Corvallis, Oreg
Hood River, Oreg
La Grande, Oreg..
Marshfield, Oreg
The Dalles, Oreg
Ambler, Pa
Average
number
of em-
ployees
3
5
11
2
6
5
15
4
4
3
4
8
7
12
3
2
3
5
5
4
5
4
6
5
6
5
4
5
4
2
4
12
3
6
4
3
4
2
4
4
3
10
5
9
5
7
5
3
3
5
4
3
2
6
10
7
2
6
5
5
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
1.2
.5
.8
.5
1.9
.8
1.4
.6
2.3
.9
1.1
.7
.5
1.4
1.2
1.6
.6
.5
.7
.8
.5
.9
2.0
.6
.7
.8
.8
.6
.7
.6
.8
.7
.8
3.2
.6
.6
.6
1.1
1.1
.8
.8
.4
.8
.5
1.1
.5
1.1
1.1
.9
.6
1.4
.7
.9
.6
1.8
.8
1.0
.5
. 7
1.0
1.2
.8
.9
1.5
1.2
.9
1. 1
.6
1.5
.5
1.1
.6
1.5
1.2
.8
74
Table 38. — Number of police department employees, 1935 — Continued
CITIES WITH LESS THAN 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Apollo, Pa
Ashley, Pa
Avalon, Pa
Bangor, Pa
Barnesboro, Pa
Beaver, Pa
Bedford, Pa
Bellefonte, Pa
Blairsvllle, Pa
Boyertown, Pa
Brentwood, Pa
Brockway, Pa
Brookville, Pa
Camp Hill, Pa
Catasauqua, Pa
Clearfield, Pa
Clymer, Pa
Coaldale, Pa
Corry, Pa
Dale, Pa
Dallastown, Pa
Danville, Pa
Derry, Pa
Doylestown, Pa
Dupont, Pa
Duryea, Pa
East Conemaugh, Pa...
East McKeesport, Pa__.
East Stroudsburg, Pa...
Ebensburg, Pa... .-
Edge wood, Pa
Edwardsv'lle, Pa
Elizabethtown, Pa
Emails, Pa
Ephrata, Pa
Ford City, Pa
Forest City, Pa
Fountain Hill, Pa
Freedom, Pa
Freeport, Pa
Oallitzin, Pa
Glenolden, Pa
Oreencastle, Pa
Greenville, Pa
Grove City, Pa
Hellertown, Pa
Hollidaysburg, Pa
Honesdale, Pa
Huntingdon, Pa
Indiana, Pa
Irwin, Pa
Jenkintown, Pa
Kittanning, Pa
Kutztown, Pa
Lansdale, Pa
Lansdowne, Pa
Leechburg, Pa
Lehighton, Pa
Lititz, Pa
Lock Haven, Pa
Luzerne, Pa
McAdoo, Pa
McDonald, Pa
Marcus Hook, Pa
Masontown, Pa
Mechanicsburg, Pa
Midland, Pa
Milton, Pa
Monaca, Pa
Mount Joy, Pa
Mount Penn, Pa
Mount Pleasant, Pa
Nanty Glo, Pa
Nazareth, Pa.-.
New Cumberland, Pa..
Northampton, Pa
North Bellevemon, Pa-
North East, Pa
Average
number
of em-
ployees
1
4
12
4
3
4
2
3
3
2
6
1
2
3
5
3
2
3
5
3
2
3
3
3
4
4
9
3
2
2
19
5
2
15
3
4
13
4
2
1
3
5
1
4
3
4
9
4
3
7
3
17
6
2
4
11
1
4
3
7
4
3
2
5
3
4
6
3
3
2
2
3
2
4
2
3
1
3
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
.3
.6
2.0
.7
.9
.7
.7
.6
.6
.5
1.1
.4
.5
1.0
1.0
.3
.7
.4
.7
.9
. 7
.4
1.0
.7
.8
.5
1.8
1.0
.3
.7
2.1
.6
.5
2.3
.6
.7
2.5
.9
.6
.4
.9
1.1
.4
.5
.5
1.0
1.5
.7
.4
. 7
.1)
.5
1.2
.2
.6
.7
.7
.6
.6
.0
1.0
.8
.7
1.0
.4
.0
.7
. 7
.5
.4
City
Oakmont, Pa
Palmerton, Pa
Patton, Pa
Pen Argyl, Pa
Portage, Pa
Punxsutawney, Pa
Rankin, Pa
Reynoldsville, Pa
Ridgway, Pa
Roaring Spring, Pa
Rochester, Pa
St. Clair, Pa
St. Marys, Pa
Sayre, Pa
Sharpsburg, Pa
Sharpsville, Pa
Shillington, Pa
Shippensburg, Pa
Slatington, Pa
South Connellsville, Pa.
South Fork, Pa
Spangler, Pa
Spring City, Pa
Springdale, Pa
State College, Pa
Stroudsburg, Pa
Summit Hill, Pa
Swarthmore, Pa
Throop, Pa
Titus ville, Pa
Trafford, Pa
Tyrone, Pa
LTpland, Pa
Waynesburg, Pa
Weatherly, Pa
Westmont, Pa. _
West Newton, Pa
West Pittston, Pa
West Reading, Pa
West view, Pa
West York, Pa
Wilmerding, Pa
Windber, Pa
Wyomissing, Pa
Yeadon, Pa
Youngwood, Pa
Barrington, R. I
Burrillville, R. I
East Greenwich, R. I...
Eau Claire, S. C
Marion, S. C _.
Newberry, S. C
York, S. C
Hot Springs, S. Dak
Lead, S. Dak
Mobridge, S. Dak
Yankton, S. Dak
Alcoa, Tenn
Cleveland, Tenn
Covington, Tenn
Elizabethton, Tenn
Breckenridge, Tex
Bryan, Tex
Burkburnett, Tex
Cisco, Tex
Coleman, Tex
Eastland, Tex
Electra, Tex
Jasper, Tex
Kerrville, Tex
McKinney, Tex
Mexia, Tex
Midland, Tex
Mineral Wells, Tex
Mineola, Tex
Plainview, Tex
Ranger, Tex,.
Stamford, Tex
Average
number
of em-
ployees
0
7
1
3
7
4
12
2
3
2
0
0
3
3
8
2
4
3
6
1
1
1
2
4
1
3
2
6
7
7
3
3
2
2
1
4
1
6
11
5
2
6
3
5
12
2
3
3
6
2
3
9
4
7
4
3
5
2
6
3
7
5
8
3
7
3
3
8
2
5
13
3
2
6
2
6
5
4
Number
per 1.000
inhabi-
tants
1.2
. 5
.6
1. 1
.6
1. 1
1.8
.5
.4
1.0
.6
.7
.8
1.0
75
Table 38. — Number of police department employees, 1935 — Continued
CITIES WITH LESS THAN 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Victoria, Tex
Weslaco, Tex
American Fork, Utah...
Bingham Canyon, Utah
Brigham City, Utah
Eureka, Utah
Helper, Utah
Logan, Utah
Murray, Utah
Nephi, Utah
Park City, Utah
Price, Utah
Richfield, Utah.
Springville, Utah
Tooele, Utah
Bennington Village, Vt.
Brattleboro, Vt
Montpelier, Vt
Newport, Vt
Proctor, Vt
St. Albans, Vt..
St. Johnsbury, Vt
Springfield, Vt
Windsor, Vt
Winooski, Vt.
Covington, Va
Franklin, Va
Qalax, V^a
Hampton, Va
Harrisonburg, Va
Norton, Va
Salem, Va ^
Waynesboro, Va
Anacortes, Wash...
Centralia, Wash
Cle Elum, Wash
Colfax, Wash
Kelso, Wash
Puyallup, Wash
Benwood, W. Va _
Buckhannon, W. Va
Average
number
of em-
ployees
3
3
2
3
4
3
4
7
4
3
4
4
4
3
3
11
4
10
9
1
3
8
5
4
3
4
5
4
9
9
4
6
8
3
8
4
3
4
5
7
3
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
.4
.6
.7
.9
.8
1.0
1.5
1.2
.9
1.0
1.3
.8
.6
1.5
.5
1.3
1.8
.4
.4
1.0
1.0
1.1
.6
.6
1.7
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.3
1.2
.7
1.7
.7
City
Chester, W. Va
FoUansbee, W. Va
Qrafton, W. Va
Hinton, W. Va
HoUidays Cove, W. Va.
Keyser, W. Va
Logan, W. Va
McMechen, W. Va
St. Albans, W^ Va
South Charleston, W. Va
Wellsburg, W. Va
Weston, W.Va,._
Williamson, W. Va.
Antigo, Wis
Burlington, Wis
Chippewa Falls, Wis
Columbus, Wis
Edgerton, Wis
Fort Atkinson, Wis
JetTerson, Wis
Kaukauna, Wis
Ladysmith, Wis
Menomonie, Wis
Merrill, Wis
Monroe, Wis
Neenah, Wis
Oconto, Wis.-
Reedsburg, Wis..
Rhinelander, Wis
Sparta, Wis
Sturgeon Bay, Wis
Tomah, Wis
Tomahawk, Wis
Viroqua, Wis
Waupun, Wis
West Bend, Wis
West Milwaukee, Wis —
Whitefish Bay, Wis-
Wisconsin Rapids, Wis. _
Laramie, Wyo
Sheridan, Wyo
Average
number
of em-
ployees
1
3
7
4
8
3
5
2
3
3
3
5
10
5
5
9
5
3
4
5
5
2
5
7
6
9
2
3
4
5
4
3
2
4
3
5
11
13
10
6
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
.3
.6
.9
.6
1.8
.5
1.1
.5
.9
.5
.5
.6
1.1
.6
1.2
.9
2.0
1.0
.7
1.9
.8
.6
.9
.8
1.2
1.0
.4
1.0
.5
1.0
.8
.9
.7
1.4
.5
1.1
2.6
2.4
1.1
.7
.8
Relation Between Average Crime Rates and Average Number of Police
Employees,
In table 39 there is shown the relation between average crime rates
and the average number of police employees based on data received
for 1935 from the police departments of 88 cities, each with more
than 100,000 inhabitants. The tabulation discloses that cities having
the larger number of police employees in comparison with the popu-
lation area policed generally have the lower crime rates.
The figures presented in table 39 represent the averages of the indi-
vidual rates (both crime rates and police personnel rates) for the sev-
eral cities.
The number of poHce employees per 1 ,000 inhabitants for the cities
represented varies from 3.0 to 0.7. The compilation shows that 24
cities having an average of 2.3 police employees per 1,000 inhab-
itants had 4 murders reported during 1935 for each 100,000 inhabit-
ants, whereas 19 cities having an average of 0.9 pohce employees per
1,000 inhabitants had more than 9 murders reported for each 100,000
inhabitants. In addition, those cities having an average of 2.3 police
employees per 1,000 inhabitants had 51 robberies and 313 offenses
of burglary reported for each 100,000 inhabitants as compared with
93 robberies and 485 burglaries reported by cities with an average of
76
only 0.9 police employees per 1,000 inhabitants. Although there are
exceptions, a similar trend is shown for other types of offenses.
Information concerning the number of police employees in individ-
ual cities may be found in table 38.
Table 39. — Relation between average crime rates and average number of police
employees, cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, 1935
Average
number of
police em-
ployees per
1,000 in-
habitants
Average mimber of offenses per
100,000 inhabitants
Group
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny— theft
Auto
theft
Over $50
Under
$50
I
n
ni__
IV
2.3
1.6
1.2
.9
3.9
8.8
9.3
9.4
50.9
67.7
88.5
93.2
36.3
74.5
51.4
65.6
313.4
435.9
502.5
484.7
86.9
96.4
135.2
86.4
591.3
728.6
916.7
952.7
283.4
298.5
338.5
309.8
i-n
1.9
1.1
6.3
9.4
59.1
90.7
55.0
58.0
373.4
494.3
80.0
96.4
577.1
774.3
284.8
III-IV
325.2
All cities represented in the above tabulations have populations in excess of 100,000. The arrangement
into groups was based on the number of police employees per 1,000 inhabitants (descending order).
Group I consists of 24 cities.
Group II consists of 23 cities.
Group III consists of 22 cities.
Group IV consists of 19 cities.
The number of cities varies slightly among the groups, because it was believed desirable that depart-
ments having identical police personnel figures be allocated to the same group.
Annual Crime Trends — Cities Divided According to Size.
Table 30 contains information concerning annual crime trends in
cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, as reflected by figures
reported for the first 6 months of the period 1931-36. In order to
make available more comprehensive data concerning variations in
the amount of crime, there are presented in table 40 compilations
covering the calendar years 1933, 1934, and 1935, based on reports
received from the police departments of 1,127 cities with a combined
population of 43,920,736. In general, the figures in table 40 reflect
trends similar to those shown in table 30.
With reference to the figures in table 40 representing the reports of
1,127 police departments, the compilation shows marked decreases
in robbery and auto theft. For robbery the figures decreased from
45,925 in 1933 to 33,747 in 1935, a decrease of 12,178 (26.5 percent).
Similarly, the auto theft figures decreased from 141,603 in 1933 to
104,434' in 1935, a decrease of 37,169 (26.2 percent). Substantial
decreases were shown for homicide, aggravated assault, and burglary.
In the figures for larceny, there was a decrease wliich is so slight as
to be without particular significance. On the other hand, there was
a 15.7 percent increase in the reported number of offenses of rape.
The compilation also presents figures for the cities divided into
six groups according to size, which indicate in general that the major
portion of the reduction in crime occurred in the cities with more
than 100,000 inhabitants. This is doubtless related to the fact that
table 28 of this publication shows that cities with more than 100,000
inhabitants generally have more crime than the smaller communities.
However, it may be noted that in some of the population groups
representing smaller communities there were substantial reductions.
77
The compilation is in terms of the number of offenses known to
have been committed, which is generally recognized as the best index
of the amount of crime. Such measures as the number of persons
arrested are subject to the limitation that there are crimes committed
for winch no persons are arrested, with the result that there may
possibly be an increase in crimes committed even though data relative
to the number of persons arrested reflect a decline. On the other
hand, it is entirely possible that figures representing the number of
persons arrested may reflect an increase, whereas the number of
crimes conunitted during the same period may have been reduced
due to the activity of the police.
With reference to the hgures showing a decline in the number of
cases of murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, it should be noted
that cases of justifiable or excusable killing are not included in these
figures. In other words, it is enth\4y possible that tabulations which
include justifiable and excusable killings may show no decrease in
homicide, whereas there may actually have been a decrease in the
number of cases of felonious killings. However, it should be noted
that during 1935 it was ascertained that some police departments
had been improperly including cases of excusable homicide in their
reports. These were subsequently eliminated from the records. It
is possible that some of the decrease in the number of wilful homi-
cides sllO^\^l in the figures for 1935 is due to the fact that excusable
homicides were eliminated from the figures for that year, whereas some
of them may have been included in the figures for prior years.
Table 40. — Daily average, offenses known to the police, January to December,
inclusive, 1933-35
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Year and population group
GROUP I
28 cities over 250,000; total popula-
tion, 1»,317,7U0:
Numlier of offenses known:
1933..
1934....
1935
Daily average:
1933
1934..
1935
GROUP II
49 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 6,905,212:
Number of offenses known:
1933
1934
1935
Daily average:
1933
1934...
1935
Criminal homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
1,734
1,572
1,371
4.8
4.3
3.8
497
642
481
1.4
1.5
1.3
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
1,284
891
929
3.5
2.4
2.5
258
275
353
0.7
.8
1.0
Kape
1,115
1,184
1,305
3.1
3.2
3.7
381
458
4G0
1.0
1.3
1.3
Rob-
bery
31,129
28, 027
22, 0U4
8.i. 3
7ti. 8
W> 3
4, 802
5,010
4, 302
13.2
13.7
11.8
Aggra-
vated
assault
10,080
10,210
9, 073
29.3
28. 0
20.5
4, 218
4, 092
3,702
11.0
11.2
10.3
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
79,912
79,581
09, 684
218.9
218.0
190.9
30, 393
30. 772
29, 538
83. 3
84.3
80.9
Lar-
ceny-
theft
149,254
116,8:58
143, 878
408.9
402.3
394. 2
62, 658
03, 903
64, 634
171.7
175.2
177.1
Auto
theft
80, 643
65, 446
50,866
220.9
179.3
139.4
25, 196
24, 602
20, 852
69.0
67.4
57.1
78
Table 40. — Daily average, offenses known to the police, January to December,
inclusive, 1933-35. — Continued
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Year and population group
GROUP ni
79 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total
population, 5,354,036:
Number of oSenses known:
1933...
1934
1935..-.
Daily average:
1933
1934
1935...
GROUP IV
140 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total
population, 4.951,189:
Number of offenses known:
1933
1934
1935
Daily average:
1933
1934
1935
GROUP V
350 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total
population, 5,436,267:
Number of offenses known:
1933
1934
1935
Daily average:
1933
1934
1935
GROUP VI
481 cities under 10,000; total popu-
lation, 2,956,332:
Number of offenses known:
1933
1934
1935
Daily average:
1933
1934.
1935
TOTAL, GROUPS I-VI
1,127 cities; total population,
43,920,736:
Number of offenses known:
1933
1934.
1935
Daily average:
1933
1934
1935
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slauph-
ter by
negli-
gence
332
398
334
191
202
226
261
267
257
4,088
3,542
3,089
3,573
3,643
3,281
19, 254
18, 652
18, 710
45, 855
47, 685
45, 482
0.9
1.1
.9
0.5
.6
.6
0.7
.7
.7
11.2
9.7
8.5
9.8
10.0
9.0
52.8
51.1
51.3
125.6
130.6
124.6
248
239
215
143
192
165
242
260
271
2,559
2, 2G3
2,011
1,956
2,274
2,066
16,498
16, 400
15, 670
37, 537
40, 124
39, 024
0.7
.7
.6
0.4
.5
.5
0.7
.7
.7
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.4
6.2
5.7
45.2
44.9
42.9
102.8
109.9
106.9
210
236
201
148
185
169
313
276
354
2,327
1,918
1,662
1,968
1,906
1,742
14, 409
13, 423
13,431
32, 885
33, 023
32, 350
0.6
.6
.6
0.4
.5
.5
0.9
.8
1.0
6.4
5.3
4.6
5.4
5.4
4.8
39.5
36.8
36.8
90.1
90.5
88.6
110
107
102
73
59
90
188
158
185
1,020
703
679
705
716
611
7,107
6,657
6,397
13, 648
13, 4S6
13, 541
0.3
.3
.3
0.2
.2
.2
0.5
.4
.5
2.8
2.1
1.9
1.9
2.0
1.7
19.5
18.2
17.5
37.4
36.9
37.1
3,131
3,094
2,704
2,097
1,804
1,932
2,500
2,603
2,892
45, 925
41, 523
33, 747
23, 100
22, 901
21, 135
167, 573
165, 485
153, 430
341,837
345, 119
338, 909
8.6
8.5
7.4
5.7
4.9
5.3
6.8
7.1
7.9
125.8
113.8
92.5
63.3
62.7
57.9
459.1
453.4
420.4
936. 5
945.5
928.5
Auto
theft
14, 314
14, 193
12, 510
39.2
38.9
34.3
10, 405
10, 328
9,534
28.5
28.3
26.1
8,102
8,311
7,881
22.2
22.8
21.6
2,943
2,865
2,791
8.1
7.8
7.6
141, 603
125, 745
104, 434
388.0
344.5
280.1
79
ANNUAL RETURNS, 1935
Annual reports for 1935 reccivecl from contributing police depart-
ments included information concerning the number of known of-
fenses, the number disposetl of by arrest, and the number of persons
arrested and held for prosecution. Tabulations based on the data
included in those reports were presented in volume VII, number 1 of
this publication.
For the six States represented by the largest number of contributors
of annual reports there are presented in the following table figures
showing the relation between the number of known offenses, the
number cleared by arrest, and the number of persons held for prosecu-
tion. Under the system of uniform crime reporting, it is proper to
score an offense as cleared when one of the offenders has been appre-
hended and made available for prosecution, even though there were
two or more jointly involved in the commission of the offense. In
other words, the figures relative to the number of oft'enses "cleared by
arrest" represent the number of offenses in each of which at least
one of the offenders has been apprehended and made available for
prosecution. In addition, the figures include instances in which the
off"enses have been clearecl by exceptional cu-cumstances, such as the
suicide of the offender, etc. It should further be noted that the
figures relative to the number of cleared cases include all offenses
disposed of by arrest during the calendar year, 1935, even though
some of the offenses may have been committed in 1934 or some prior
year. Similarly, the figures relative to the number of persons charged
represent individuals arrested and made available for prosecution
during 1935 even though some of the offenses for which they were
arrested may have been committed in some prior year. The figures
concerning the number of known offenses represent offenses com-
mitted, or first known to the police, during the calendar year 1935.
The information presented in table 41 should be interpreted as
follows. With reference to the data for California, of each 100 known
offenses of murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, 87 w'ere disposed
of by arrest (including exceptional clearances). In connection with
those cases, 96 persons were arrested and held for prosecution.
Similar figures based on reports received from the police depart-
ments of 898 cities may be found in table 12 of volume VII, number 1,
of this publication.
80
Table 41. — Offenses hnoion, offenses cleared by arrest, and persons charged [held
for prosecution) , 1935. Number per 100 known offenses
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census
State
CALIFORNIA
71 cities; total population, 2,162,002:
Offenses known,
Offenses cleared by arrest.
Persons charged
MICHIGAN
cecities; total population, 3,055,123:
Offenses known. _
Offenses cleared by arrest.
Persons charged
NEW JERSEY
66 cities; total population, 1,033,469:
Offenses known...
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
NEW YORK
118 cities; total population,
3,032,605:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
OHIO
76cities; total population, 3,629,273:
Offenses known......
Offenses cleared by arrest.
Persons charged
PENNSYLVANIA
64 cities; total population, 1,307,181
Offenses known....
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
Criminal
homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
100.0
87.3
96.4
100.0
96.1
104.9
100.0
94.3
100.0
100.0
93.7
73.4
100.0
87.7
91.9
100.0
90.0
85.0
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
100.0
37.9
70. 1
100.0
95.3
96.9
100.0
91.7
87.5
100,0
90.6
96.5
100.0
63.9
79.9
100.0
94.4
107.4
Rape
100.0
84.7
95.5
100.0
50.3
31.1
100.0
95.8
100. 0
100.0
96.6
115.2
100.0
74.5
87.0
100.0
95.1
101.2
Rob-
bery
100.0
39.4
46.4
100.0
34.3
22.0
100.0
40.9
52.9
100.0
50.4
52.3
100.0
35.6
27.0
100.0
50.0
51.0
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
100.0
84.5
79.2
100.0
60.6
23.0
100.0
95.7
107.9
100.0
89.8
109.7
100.0
57.5
47.9
100.0
77.6
79.9
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
100.0
32.1
18.3
100.0
39.6
13.2
100.0
31.3
26.2
100.0
30.2
20.0
100.0
27.3
16.8
100.0
30.0
25.7
Lar-
ceny^
theft
100.0
19.6
14.3
100.0
22.3
10.9
100.0
30.9
28.9
100.0
31.7
32.3
100.0
24.2
14.1
100.0
33.4
32.0
Auto
theft
100.0
10.9
8.0
100.0
16.4
6.1
100.0
30.6
29.5
100.0
17.3
12.4
100.0
17.1
11.3
100.0
21.6
18.0
81
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT RECORDS
During the first 6 montiis of 1936, the FBI examined 219,868 arrest
records as evidenced by fingeri)riiit cards, in order to obtain data
concerning the age, sex, race, and previous criminal history of the
persons represented. The nimiber of fingerprint records examined
was considerablv hirgcr than for the corresponding periods of prior
years, which were as follows: 1935—189,500; 1934—173,768. The
compilation has been limited to instances of arrests for violations of
State laws and municipal ordinances. In other words, fingerprint
cards representing arrests for violations of Federal laws or representing
commitments to penal institutions have been excluded from tliis
tabulation.
The increase in the number of arrest records examined should not
be construed as reflecting an increase in the amount of crime, nor
necessarily as an increase in the number of persons arrested, since it
quite probably is at least partially the residt of an increase in the
number of local agencies contributing fingerprint records to the
Identification Division of the FBI. The tabulation of data from
fingerprint cards obviously does not include all persons arrested,
since there are individuals taken into custody for whom no fingerprint
cards are forwarded to Washington. Furthermore, data pertaining
to persons arrested should not be treated as information regarding
the number of offenses committed, since two or more persons may be
involved in the joint commission of a single offense, and on the other
hand one person may be arrested and charged with the commission of
several separate offenses.
During the first 6 months of 1936 records representing arrests on
serious charges were as follows:
Forgery and counterfeiting 3, 131
Rape 2, 369
Narcotic drug laws 2, 034
Weapons (carrying, etc.) 2, 862
Driving while intoxicated 8, 605
Gambling 3, 104
Criminal homicide 2, 999
Robbery 6, 718
Assault 12, 976
Burglary 15, 563
Larceny (except avito theft) 27, 334
Auto theft 5, 279
Embezzlement and fraud 6, 852
Stolen property (receiving,
etc.) 1,731
Of the 219,868 arrest records examined during the first 6 months of
the year, 16,092 (7.3 percent) represented females. Among the
charges placed against females were: Larceny, 2,265; prostitiition and
commercialized vice, 1,673; drunkenness, 1,546; vagrancy, 1,235;
assault, 1,154; disorderly conduct, 1,071 ; violation of liquor laws, 697.
In addition, 297 women were charged with criminal homicide and
309 with robbery.
82
Table 42. — Distribidion of arretis by fiex, Jan. 1-June 30, 1906
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Kobbery
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buyinsi, receiving, possessin:
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct ---
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total
Number
Total
2,999
6,718
12,976
15, 563
27, 334
5,279
6,852
1,731
3,131
2,369
2,504
3,004
2,034
2,862
2,741
5,182
8,605
1,387
5
2,368
8,779
30,016
18, 141
3,104
27, 170
2,714
14, 300
219, 868
Male
2,702
6,409
11,822
15, 279
25, 069
5,193
6,520
1,566
2,921
2,369
831
2, 538
1,672
2,768
2,647
4,4'85
8,394
1,367
5
2,325
7,708
28, 470
16. 906
2,882
24, 886
2,508
13, 534
203, 776
Female
297
309
1,154
284
2,265
86
332
165
210
1,673
466
362
94
94
697
211
20
43
1,071
1,546
1, 235
222
2,284
206
766
16, 092
Percent
Total
1.4
3.1
5.9
7.1
12.4
2.4
3.1
.8
1.4
1.1
1.1
1.4
.9
1.3
1.2
2.4
3.9
.6
(')
1.1
4.0
13.6
8.3
1.4
12.4
1.2
6.5
100.0
Male
1.3
3.1
5.8
7.5
12.3
2.5
3.2
.8
1.4
1.2
.4
1.2
.8
1.4
1.3
2.2
4.1
.7
0)
1.1
3.8
14.0
8.3
1.4
12.3
1.2
6.7
100.0
Female
1.8
1.9
7.2
1.8
14.1
.5
2.1
1.0
1.3
10.4
2.9
2.2
.6
.6
4.3
1.3
.1
.3
6.6
9.6
7.7
1.4
14.2
1.3
4.8
100.0
1 Less than one-tenth of 1 percent.
Examination of the ages of persons arrested reveals a rapid increase
from age 15 to 19, the figures being as follows:
P^cTQ- Number arrested
"l5 1,270
16 3, 850
17 5,905
18 8,671
19 9, 249
For ages from 20 to 24, the number arrested for a single age group
varies from 8,254 to 9,983. The age groups in which arrests occurred
most frequently were as follows:
^gg. Number arrested
"21 9, 983
22 9, 861
23 9, 530
19 9,249
It will be observed that there were more arrests for age 21 than for
any other single age group. Tliis is contrary to the figures for 1932-35
during which period 19-year-olds outnumbered those of other ages.
83
It may be of some significance, however, that the shift in the fre-
fliiency of arrests to ages 21-23 was evidenced in the figures for the
lasthfilf of 1935.
The conipihUion disclosed that 38,513 (17.5 percent) of the persons
arrested were less than 21 years old; 38,132 (17.3 percent) were
between the ages of 21 and 24; making a total of 76,645 (34.9 percent)
NUMBER OF PERSONS ARRESTED
AGES 16 TO 24
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT CARDS
JANUARY I — JUNE 30, 1936
3,850
5,9 05
8, 6 71
9,2 49
8,254
9,983
9,86 I
9,530
8.758
Figure 9.
less than 25 years old. In addition, there were 38,556 (17.5 percent)
arrests of persons between the ages of 25 and 29. This makes a total
of 115,201 (52.4 percent) less than 30 years of age. (With reference
to the ages of persons represented by fingerprint cards received in the
FBI, it should be borne in mind that the number of arrest records
is doubtless incomplete in the lower age groups because in some juris-
dictions the practice is not to fingerprint youthful individuals.)
84
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85
Youths woro most froquoutly chiirgcd with oH'onscs of rohhoiy,
burghiry, hiroony, and auto theft. For all erinios 70,045 persons
under 25 were arrested, thus eonstituting 34.9 percent of the total of
219,808 arrest records exanuTicd. TTowfn^er, youths under 25 num-
bered 54.5 percent of those charged with robbery; 58.2 percent of
those charged with burglary, 44.0 percent of those charged with
larceny, and 71.5 percent of those charged with auto theft.
Table 44. — Number and percentage of arrests of persons under 25 years of age'
Jan. l~June SO, 1936
Offense charged
Criminal homicide.-. _-.
Robbery
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering...
Larceny — theft _-
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, pos
sessing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc..
Offenses against family and children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other trafDc and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total
Total num-
ber of
persons
arrested
2,999
G,718
12,976
15,503
27, 334
5,279
6,852
1,731
3,131
2,369
2,504
3,004
2, 034
2, 862
2,741
5,182
8, 605
1,387
5
2, 368
8,779
30,016
18, 141
3,104
27, 170
2,714
14, 300
219, 868
Number
umler 21
years of age
302
1,788
1, 422
5,969
7, 280
2, 545
495
273
472
575
218
431
111
478
108
380
326
224
1
413
1,202
1,471
2,759
250
5, 118
416
3,474
38, 513
Total num-
ber under
25 years
of age
837
3, 661
3, 577
9,057
12,204
3, 770
1,438
541
979
1, 097
857
929
379
994
451
1,024
1,381
598
2
964
2,853
4,588
0,400
009
10, 398
884
6,107
76, 645
Percentage
under 21
years of age
10.1
26. 6
11.0
38. 4
26.7
48.2
7.2
15.8
15.1
24.3
8.7
14.3
5.5
10.7
3.9
7.3
3.8
16.1
20.0
17.4
13.
4.
15.
8.
IS.
15.
24.
17.5
Total per-
centage
under 25
years of age
27.9
54.5
27. C
58.2
44.6
71.5
21.0
31.2
31.3
46.3
34.2
30.9
18.6
34.7
16.5
19.8
16.0
43.1
20.0
40.7
32.5
15.3
35.3
21.6
38.3
32.6
42.7
34.9
During the first 0 months of 1930, 40 percent (88,045) of the persons
arrested already had fingerprint cards on file in the Identification
Division of the FBI. In addition, there w^ere 4,008 records bearing
notations indicating previous criminal histories of the persons con-
cerned, although the fingerj)rints had not previously been filed in the
Bureau. This makes a total of 92,713 records containing information
regarding the prior criminal activities of the persons arrested. The
records disclosed that 00,857 (72.1 percent) had previously been con-
victed of one or more oft'enses. This number constitutes 30.4 percent
of 219,808 arrest records examined.
86
Many of the persons have been previously convicted of major
violations, as indicated by the following figures:
Criminal homicide 656
Robbery 3, 060
Assault 3, 669
Burglary 8, 539
Larceny (and related offenses) 17, 381
Forgery and counterfeiting 2, 128
Rape 442
Narcotic drug laws 1, 450
Weapons (carrying, etc.) 914
Driving while intoxicated 1, 125
Total 39,364
It is of interest to note that 286 of the persons whose records show
convictions for criminal homicide were charged during the first 6
months of 1936 with the following violations:
Criminal homicide 18
Robbery 19
Assault 70
Burglary 35
Larceny (and related offenses) 102
Forgery and counterfeiting 6
Rape 5
Weapons (carrying, etc.) 21
Driving while intoxicated 10
Total 286
As heretofore indicated the records showed that 66,857 of the
persons arrested had been previously convicted. The records of
those persons showed 192,345 prior convictions, an average of almost
three per individual; 87,122 of the convictions were for major viola-
tions, and 105,223 for less serious infractions of the criminal laws.
Table 45. — Number with -previous finger-print records, arrests, Jan. 1- June SO, 1936
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary — breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor-vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total..
2,999
6,718
12, 976
15, 563
27, 334
5,279
6,852
1,731
3,131
2,369
2,504
3,004
2,034
2,862
2,741
5, 182
8, 605
1,387
5
2,368
8,779
30, 016
18, 141
3,104
27, 170
2,714
14, 300
219, 868
Previous
fingerprint
record
746
3,299
4,363
6,299
10, 794
2,005
2,996
513
1,465
616
1,014
797
1,308
938
782
1,602
2,006
368
1
748
3,352
13, 357
9,696
779
11, 508
1,137
5,556
88,045
87
Table 46. — Percentage with previous fingerprint records, arrests,
Jan. 1-June SO, 1936
Offense
Narcotic drug laws.
Vagrancy.-
Robbery..
Forgery and counterfeiting
Drunkenness
Embezzlement and fraud
Suspicion
Burglary —breaking or entering
Prostitution and commercialized vice..
Larceny— theft
All other offenses
Disorderly conduct
Auto theft
Assault - --
Percent
64.3
53.4
49. 1
46.8
44.5
43.7
42.4
40.5
40.5
39.5
38.9
38.2
38.0
33.6
Offense
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Liquor laws
Stolen property; buying, receiving, pos
sessing
Offenses against family and children.-.
Other sex offen.ses
lioad and driving laws
Rape.-
Gambling
Crimin;xl homicide
Driving while intoxicated
Parking violations '
Percent
32.8
31.6
30.9
29.6
28.5
26.5
26.5
26.0
25. 1
24.9
23.3
20.0
' Only 5 fingerprint cards were received representing arrests for violation of parking regulations.
88
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90
Table 4S. — Numher of cases in which fingerprint records show one or more prior
convictions, and the total of prior convictions disclosed by the records, Jan. 1—
June 30, 1936
Offense charged
Criminal homicide .
Robbery.
Assault- -
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny — theft _-.
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape.
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws .__
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total 1
Number of
records show-
ing one or
more prior
convictions
530
2,421
3,229
5,010
8,487
1,449
2,019
388
1,076
441
684
583
1,035
730
492
1,057
1, 463
257
1
554
2, 576
11,350
7,231
488
8,173
841
4,292
66, 857
Number of
prior con-
victions
of major
offenses
623
3,696
3,977
8,518
16,011
2, 114
3,377
584
1,975
534
893
743
2,867
1,006
621
717
851
196
2
526
2,636
8,144
8,233
501
11,446
1,273
5,158
87, 122
Number of
prior con-
victions
of minor
offenses
1,
484
2,201
3,538
4,445
12,116
1,125
1,947
463
797
390
731
697
,127
648
463
1,278
1,806
2C2
1
632
4,799
33, 872
14, 156
417
10, 260
907
5,661
105, 223
Total num-
ber of prior
convictions
disclosed
1,107
5,897
7,515
12, 963
28, 127
3,239
5,324
1,047
2,772
924
1,624
1,440
3,994
1,654
984
1,995
2,657
458
3
1,158
7,435
42,016
22, 389
918
21, 706
2,180
10,819
192, 345
Whites were represented by 160,104 of the records examined and
Negroes by 49,925. The remaining races were represented as follows:
Indian, 1,203; Chinese, 587; Japanese, 111 ; Mexican, 6,727; all others,
1,211.
The significance of the figures showing the number of Negroes
arrested as compared with the number of whites can best be indicated
in terms of the number of each in the general population of the country.
Exclusive of those under 15 years of age, there were, according to the
1930 decennial census, 8,041,014 Negroes, 13,069,192 foreign-born
whites, and 64,365,193 native whites in the United States. Of each
100,000 Negroes, 621 were arrested and fingerprinted during the first
6 months of 1936, whereas the corresponding figure for native whites
was 212, and for foreign-born whites 99. Figures for individual
types of violations may be found in the following tabulations. It
should be observed in connection with the foregoing data that the
figure for native whites includes the immediate descendants of foreign-
born individuals. Persons desiring to make a thorough study of the
comparative amounts of crime committed by native whites and foreign
born whites should employ available compilations showing the number
of instances in which offenders are of foreign or niLxed parentage.
91
Table 49. — Distribution cf arrests according to race, Jan. 1-June 30, 19S6
Race
Total
Offense charged
White
Negro
Indian
Chi-
nese
Jap-
anese
Mex-
ican
All
others
all
races
Criminal homicide
1.757
4,081
7,101
11,333
IS, 744
4, 467
5, 921
1,237
2, 767
1,712
1,827
2,423
1,152
1,565
2,304
3, 093
7, 43S
1,002
3
1,716
5,999
24, 352
13, 804
1,597
19, 332
2, 106
10, 671
1,111
1,770
5,232
3,728
7, 593
643
732
451
301
4S9
614
495
271
1, 134
351
2,013
518
301
2
525
2,327
3,859
3,423
1, 373
7,007
496
3, 166
21
24
83
50
109
24
26
8
17
20
15
11
5
3
11
17
74
8
7
3
13
5
9
1
4
3
3
8
1
2
405
12
1
2
1
1
2
"16"
7
1
3
1
3
2
1
1
4
4
"22'
1
80
177
402
375
782
130
143
25
29
105
36
54
142
98
08
54
521
59
21
63
135
72
90
13
23
6
11
33
10
18
55
46
6
3
31
15
2, 999
Rohhery..- .-
6,718
\ssault
12,976
Burglary — breaking or entering
15, 563
Larceny — theft
27, 334
Autotheft -
5,279
Embezzlement and fraud
6,852
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possess-
iiig
1, 731
Forgery and counterfeiting .
3, 131
Rape
2, 369
Prostitution and commercialized vice -.
Other sex offenses . ..
2. 504
3,004
Narcotic drug laws..
2,034
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
2,862
Offenses against family and children
Liquor laws
2,741
5,182
Driving while intoxicated-. - --
8, ()05
Road and driving laws.
1,387
Parkinir violations
5
<Hher tradic and motor vehicle laws
DLsorderly conduct -.
11
64
331
85
1
103
20
62
20
67
U
4
5
19
5
9
2
100
336
1,387
654
20
570
77
303
12
48
63
150
37
145
15
90
2, 368
8, 779
Drunkenness .
30, 016
Vagrancy.-
(Jambling .-
Suspicion- _-
IS, 141
3, 104
27, 170
Not stated
2,714
.\11 other offenses
3
5
14,300
Total
160, 104
49, 925
1,203
587
111
6,727
1,211
219, 868
Table 50. — Number of arrests of Negroes and xohitcs in -proportion to the number of
each in the general population of the country, Jan. 1-June 30, 1936, rate per
100,000 of population
[Excluding those under 15 years of age]
Offenso charged
Criminal homicide.
Robbery - --
.\ssault
Biuglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft -
.\uto theft -
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children -.-
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws - ---
Parking violations.
Other tradic and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct— -.-
Drunkenness - -.-
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion -
Not stated -.- -
All other offenses -
Total -
Native
white
(')
2.2
6.4
8.5
16.0
26. 1
6.4
7.6
1.5
3.8
2.2
2.6
2.9
1.6
2.0
2.9
3.7
9.6
1.4
2.3
8.1
31.5
17.4
1.9
25.6
2.9
14.6
211.9
Foreign-
born white
1.8
1.8
10.1
3.6
9.6
.8
3.6
2.0
1.4
1.5
1.0
2.6
.4
1.8
2.5
4.7
4.0
.4
1.0
4.6
15.0
6.3
1.8
8.8
1.2
7.1
99.3
Negro
(')
13.8
22.0
65.1
46.4
94.4
8.0
9.1
,5.6
3.7
6.1
7.6
6.2
3.4
14.1
4.4
25.0
6.4
3.7
6.5
28.9
48.0
42.6
17.1
87.1
6.2
39.4
620.9
Less than Ho of 1 per hundred thousand.
92
Table 51. — Number of native whites, number of foreign-born whites and nuynbei
of Negroes arrested and fingerprinted by age groups, Jan. 1-June 30, 1936
Age
NiiTTiber arrested
Number of arrests per 100,000 of the
general population of the United
States
Native
white
Foreign-
born white
Negro
Native
white
Foreign-
born white
Negro
15
847
2,611
4,050
5,767
6,257
5,541
6,577
6,258
6,076
5,488
23, 773
18, 413
15,810
10, 380
7,134
10, 529
7
43
62
85
91
102
119
161
173
1S8
1,052
1, 206
1,877
2,211
2,050
3.449
341
1,016
1, 4'i5
2,070
2,121
1,913
2,207
2, 388
2, 398
2,284
10, 097
6, 973
6,207
3,325
2,087
2,427
42.8
129.2
207.8
293. 1
334.8
305.1
359. 2
351.2
355.1
329.7
314.8
268.3
241.3
188.6
149.9
72.7
18.2
84.2
95.0
106.1
101.4
95.4
102.1
124.8
120.0
113.6
103.0
103.9
115.0
130.5
131.0
70.2
141.8
16
394.2
17-.
606.2
18
769. 1
19
890.2
20
739.9
21
966.7
22 -
957.5
23 -
1,022 6
24
982.5
25-29
942. 1
30-34
806.6
35-39
696.7
40-44 -
483.7
45^9 . .
331.2
50 and over-
169.9
Total
135,511
12, 966
49, 339
210.8
99.3
614.6
Table 52. — Percentage distribution of arrests, by age, Jan. l~June 30, 1936
Numl)er arrested
Percent
Age
Native
white
Foreign-
born white
Negro
Native
white
Foreign-
born white
Negro
15 and under 21
25, 073
24. 399
23, 773
18,413
15,810
10, 380
7, 134
10, 529
390
641
1,052
1,296
1,877
2,211
2,050
3,449
8,946
9, 277
10, 097
6,973
6,207
3, 325
2,087
2,427
18.5
18.0
17.5
13.6
11.7
7.7
5.3
7.7
3.0
4.9
8.1
10.0
14.5
17.1
15.8
26.6
18. 1
21-24
18.8
25-29
20.5
30-34 .- - -
14.1
35-39
40-44
12.6
6.8
45-49
50 and over, _
4.2
4.9
Total
135,511
12, 966
49, 339
100.0
100.0
100.0
At the end of June 1936 there were 6,094,916 fingerprint records
and 7,205,485 index cards containing the names and aliases of indi-
viduals on file in the Identification Division of the FBI. Of each
100 fingerprint cards received during the first 6 months of 1936,
more than 55 were identified with those on file in the Bureau. Fugi-
tives numbering 2,881 were identified through fingerprint records
during this same period, and interested law enforcement officials
were immediately notified of the whereabouts of those fugitives.
As of June 30, 1936, there were 9,904 police departments, peace
officers, and law enforcement agencies throughout the United States
and foreign countries voluntarily contributing fingerprints to the FBI.
o
^35.=?, .To ^.
y^
J
UNIFORM
CRIME REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
Volume VII — Number 3
THIRD QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1936
Issued by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
United States Department of Justice
Washington, D. C.
I
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1936
;PER1NTENDENT OF ^
ADVISORY
COMMITTEE ON UNIFORM CRIME RECORDS
OF THE
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS OF POLICE
(11)
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
J. Edgar Hoover, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, U. S. Department
of Justice, Washington, D. C.
Volume 7 October 1936 Number 3
CONTENTS
Classification of offenses.
Extent of reporting area.
Monthly returns:
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to population (table
53).
Daily average, offenses known to the police, 1936 (table 54).
Daily average, offenses known to the police, 1931-36 (table 55).
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to location (tables 56>
57, 62).
Data for individual cities (table 5S).
Offenses known to sheriffs and State police (table 59).
Offenses known in the possessions (table 60).
Data from supplementary offense reports (tables 6 1-6 IB).
Data compiled from fingerprint cards, 1936:
Sex distribution of persons arrested (table 63).
Age distribution of persons arrested (tables 64, 65).
Number and percentage with previous fingerprint records (tables 66, 67).
Number with records showing previous convictions (tables 68, 69).
Race distribution of persons arrested (tables 70-73) .
Classification of Offenses.
The term "offenses known to the police" is designed to include those
crimes designated as part I classes of the uniform classification occur-
ring ^\dthin the police jurisdiction, whether they become loiown to
the poHce through reports of police officers, of citizens, of prosecuting
or court officials, or otherwise. They are confined to the following
group of seven classes of grave offenses, shown by experience to be
those most generally and completely reported to the police: Criminal
homicide, including (a) murder, nonnegligent manslaughter, and (6)
manslaughter by negligence; rape; robbery; aggravated assault;
burglary — -breaking or entering; larceny — theft; and auto theft. The
figures contained herein include also the number of attempted crimes
of the designated classes. Attempted murders, however, are reported
as aggrav^ated assaults. In other words, an attempted burglary or
robbery, for example, is reported in the bidletin in the same manner
as if the crime had been completed.
"Oftenscs laiown to the police" include, therefore, all of the above
offenses, including attempts, which are reported by the police depart-
ments of contributing cities and not merely arrests or cleared cases.
Complaints which upon investigation are learned to be groundless
are not included in the tabulations which follow.
In order to indicate more clearly the types of offenses included in
each group, there follows a brief definition of each classification.
1. Criminal homicide. — (a) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter — includes
all felonious homicides except those caused by negligence. Does not include
attempts to kill, assaults to kill, justifiable homicides, suicides, or accidental
deaths. (6) Manslaughter by negligence — includes only those cases in which
(93)
94
death is caused by culpable negligence which is so clearly evident that if the person
responsible for the death were apprehended he would be prosecuted for
manslaughter.
2. Rape. — Includes forcible rape, statutory rape, assault to rape, and attempted
rape.
3. Robbenj.' — Includes stealing or taking anything of value from the person by
force or violence or by putting in fear, such as highway robbery, stick-ups, robbery
armed. Includes assault to rob and attempt to rob.
4. Aggravated assault. — Includes assault with intent to kill; assault by shooting,
cutting, stabbing, maiming, poisoning, scalding, or by use of acids. Does not
include simple assault, assault and battery, fighting, etc.
5. Burglary — breaking or entering. — Includes burglary, housebreaking, safe
cracking, or any unlawful entry to commit a felony or theft. Includes attempted
burglary and assault to commit a burglary. Burglary followed by a larceny is
entered here and is not counted again under larceny.
6. Larceny — theft (except auto theft.)— (a) Fifty dollars and over in value. (6)
Under $50 in value — includes in one of the above subclassifications, depending
upon the value of the property stolen, pocket-picking, purse-snatching, shop-
lifting, or any stealing of property or thing of value which is not taken by force
and violence or by fraud. Does not include embezzlement, "con" games, forgery,
passing worthless checks, etc.
7. Auto theft. — Includes all cases where a motor vehicle is stolen or driven
away and abandoned, including the so-called "joy-riding" thefts. Does not
include taking for temporary use when actually returned by the taker, or unau-
thorized use by those having lawful access to the vehicle.
In publishing the data sent in by chiefs of police in different cities,
the FBI does not vouch for their accuracy. They are given out as
current information, which may tlirow some light on problems of crime
and cruninal-law enforcement.
In compiling the tables, returns which were apparently incomplete
or otherwise defective were excluded.
Extent of Reporting Area.
In the table wliich follows there is shown the number of police
departments from wliich one or more crime reports have been received
during the first 9 months of 1936. Information is presented for the
cities divided according to size. The population figures employed are
estimates as of July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census for cities with
population in excess of 10,000. No estimates were available, however,
for those with a smaller number of inhabitants and, accordingly, for
them the figures listed in the 1930 decennial census were used.
The growth in the crime reporting area is evidenced by the follow-
ing figures for the first 9 months of 1932-36:
Year
Cities
Population
Year
Cities
Population
1932
1,546
1,638
1,727
52, 802, 362
62, 041, 342
62, 391, 056
1935
2,050
2,271
64, 012, 959
1933
1936
65, 319, 548
1934
The foregoing comparison shows that during the first 9 months
of 1936 there was an increase of 221 cities as compared with the
corresponding period of 1935, the population represented for those
cities being 1,306,589.
In addition to the 2,271 city and village pohce departments which
submitted crime reports during 1936, one or more reports were
received during that period from 1,055 sheriffs and State police organi-
zations and from 10 agencies in possessions of the United States.
This makes a grand total of 3,336 agencies contributing crime reports
during 1936.
95
Population group
Total
number
of
cities or
towns
Cities filing
returns
Total popu-
lation
Population represented
in returns
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total ---
983
886
89.4
60,281,688
58, 291, 329
96.7
1. Cities over 250,000 .-.
37
57
104
191
594
37
57
99
175
518
100.0
100.0
95.2
91.6
87.2
29, 695, 500
7,850,312
6, 980, 407
6, 638, 544
9,116,925
29, 695, 500
7,850,312
6, 645, 870
6, 087, 577
8,012,070
100.0
2 Cities 100,000 to 250,000
100 0
3. Cities 50,000 to 100,000..
95. 2
4. Cities 25,000 to 50,000
5. Cities 10,000 to 25,000
91.7
87.9
Note. — The above table does not include 1,385 cities and rural townships aggregating a total poinilation
of 7,028,219. The cities included in this figure are those of less than 10,000 population filing returns, whereas
the rural townships are of varying population groups.
MONTHLY RETURNS
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Population.
Table 53 shows the number of offenses reported for the first 9
months of the calendar year 1936 by the police departments of 1,618
cities with a total population of 58,820,588. The figures are also
shown for the cities divided into six groups according to size. Police
administrators and others can thus compare their local crime rates
with the national averages for cities of the same approximate popu-
lation.
The compilation discloses that cities with more than 100,000
inhabitants generally have higher crime rates than the smaller com-
munities. In fact, with a few exceptions, the crime rates for all six
groups vary directly with the size of the cities.
More than half of the offenses reported were larcenies. Offenses
against property (robbery, burglary, larceny, and auto theft) ac-
counted for 95 percent of the crimes included in the tabulation. The
remaming 5 percent consisted of murders, negligent manslaughter,
rapes, and aggravated assaults. A percentage distribution of the
offenses included in table 53 is shown herewith:
Offense
Total
Larceny
Burglary, _
Auto theft-
Rate per
100,000
977.8
610.7
228.2
151.6
Percent
100.0
52.2
23.3
15.5
Oflense
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Rape
Murder
Manslaughter
Rate per
100,000
39.4
34.0
6.0
4.5
3.6
Percent
4.0
3.5
.6
.5
.4
OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE
JANUARY TO SEPTEMBER, INCLUSIVE, 1936
^ASEO ON REPORTS OF 1,618 CITIES — POPULATION 58,820,588
OFFENSES AGAINST THE PERSON
NUMBER OF OFFENSES
2000 <.000 fejQOO SjOOO lOjOOQ 12.000 14,000 I6J300 I8X)00 ZOjOOO 22000 24^000
Figure 10.
(96)
97
Most of the cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants made a
distinction in their reports between the number of hircenies in wliich
the vahie of property stolen was more than $50 and the cases in which
the proiMM'ty was vahied at less than $50. A separate compilation
of the information yields the following figures:
Population group
32 cities over 250,000; total population, 20,322,200:
Number of otTenses known
Rate per 100,000
52 cities, 100.000 to 250,000; total population, 7,215,612:
Number of otTenses known .-
Rate per 100,000
Larceny — theft
$50 and over
in value
13.086
08.8
4,943
G8. 5
Under .$50
in value
88,204
434.0
39. 425
546.4
Of the 146,558 larcenies classified according to the value of the
property stolen, 18,929 (12.9 percent) were cases in which the value
of property exceeded $50.
OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE
JANUARY TO SEPTEMBER, INCLUSIVE, 1936
BASED ON REPORTS OF 1,618 CITIES - POPULATION, 58,820,588
OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY
75,000
NUMBER OF OFFENSES
150.000
225.000
300,000
ROBBERY
^H|| 23,200
AUTO THEFT
|^|^H||||[^m| 78,295
BURGLARY
Hj^l^BB^^^^^^^H '*7,88o
LARCENY (except auto theft)
fH^f^^^^/Z/^^^^^^/^BB^^^B^BB^^K^^^ 263,855
Figure 11.
98
Table 53. — Offenses known to the police, January to September, inclusive, 1936;
number and rates per 100,000, by population groups
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Population group
GROUP I
35 cities over 250,000; total popu-
lation, 28,963,000:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP II
55 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 7,602,712:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP HI
88 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total
population, 5,952,309:
Number of offenses known .
Rate per 100,000
GROUP IV
144 cities. 25,000 to 50,000; total
population, 4,997,810:
Number of offenses known .
Rate per 100,000
GROUP V
423 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total
population, 6,572,199:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP VI
total
873 cities under 10,000;
population, 4,732,558:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
Total 1,618 cities; total
population, 58,820,588:
Number of offenses
known
Rate per 100,000
Criminal homi-
cide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
1,468
5.1
362
4.8
279
4.7
165
3.3
229
3.5
165
3.5
2,668
4.5
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
1 1, 326
4.9
230
3.0
141
2.4
111
2.2
122
1.9
91
1.9
< 2, 021
3.5
Rape
2,076
7.2
395
5.2
266
4.5
250
5.0
329
5.0
214
4.5
3,530
6.0
Rob-
bery
14, 688
50.7
2,871
37.8
2,194
36.9
1,237
24.8
1,392
21.2
818
17.3
23,200
39.4
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
10, 013
34.6
3,744
49.2
3 1,980
33.7
1,580
31.6
1,767
26.9
864
18.3
« 19, 948
34.0
Bur-
glary--
breaking
or enter-
ing
2 53, 937
247.3
22, 014
289.6
13, 495
226.7
11,161
223.3
10, 676
162.4
6,597
139.4
117,880
228.2
Lar-
ceny-
theft
2 114,709
526.0
46, 790
615.4
34, 670
582.5
26, 520
530.6
27, 441
417.5
13, 725
290.0
i 263, 865
510.7
Auto
theft
2 39, 567
181.4
13,723
180.5
9,400
157.9
6,302
126.1
6,190
94.2
3,113
65.8
6 78, 295
151.5
1 The number of offenses and rate for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 33 cities with
a total population of 27,234,800.
2 The number of offenses and rates for burglary, larceny, and auto theft are based on reports of 34 cities
with a total population of 21,808,700.
3 The number of offenses and rate for aggravated assault are based on reports of 87 cities with a total pop-
ulation of 5,873,609.
* The number of offenses and rate for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 1,616 cities with
a total population of 57,092,388.
6 The number of offenses and rate for aggravated assault are based on reports of 1,617 cities with a total
population of 58,741,888.
6 The number of offenses and rates for burglary, larceny, and auto theft are based on reports of 1,617 cities
with a total population of 51,666,288.
99
Daily Average, Offenses Known to the Police, 1936.
Monthly variations in the number of ofTenses committed are shown
in table 54. In most instances the fluctuations are similar to those
which have been evidenced in prior years. Murder and aggravated
assault were most frequently committed in the third quarter of the
year. On the other hand, robbery reached its lowest point in the
third quarter, and burglary was lower in the second and tliird periods
than in the first quarter. Larceny and auto theft, however, reached
iiigh points in the third quarter of the year.
Table 54. — Daily average, offenses known to the police, 90 cities over 100,000,
January to September, inclusive, 1936
[Total population, 36,505,712, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
January to March
April to June
July to September
January to September
Criminal homi-
cide
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent
man-
slaughter
6.0
5.7
6.5
5.6
6.1
7.7
7.5
8.1
6.9
6.1
6.5
7.5
6.7
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
1 5.0
3.9
6.0
6.0
6.4
6.0
5.8
5.7
6.1
5.0
6.1
5.9
5.7
Rape
6.9
7.7
8.2
8.8
9.4
11.1
10.0
9.8
9.4
7.6
9.7
9.7
9.0
Rob-
bery
82.7
80.4
71.4
64.8
55.0
53.5
50.3
56.6
62.6
78.1
57.7
56.5
64.1
Aggra-
vated
assault
39.2
41.7
49.2
43.8
52.5
57.2
54.6
57.7
55.6
43.4
51.2
56.0
50.2
Bur-
glary—
breaking
or
entering
2 313.4
292.1
319.6
292.4
253.4
239.4
237.9
263.9
283.1
308.7
261.6
261.4
277.2
Larceny —
theft
2 594. 1
556.3
603.5
601.6
571.9
575.6
562.9
596.8
642.7
585.2
582.9
600.3
589.4
Auto
theft
2 193. 1
182.4
206.9
206.0
186.7
179.3
182.2
204.8
208.6
194.4
190.6
198.4
194.5
' Daily averages for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 88 cities with a total population of
34,a37,512.
2 Daily averages for burglary, larceny, and auto theft are based on reports of 89 cities with a total population
of 29,411,412.
Daily Average, Offenses Known to the Police, 1931-36.
In order to make available data concerning the variation in the
amount of crime from year to year, there are presented in table 55
figures showing the number of major offenses reported during the first
9 months of each of the years 1931-36 to the police departments of
69 cities each with over 100,000 inhabitants. The combined popula-
tion of those cities in 1930 was 18,714,176. The latest available
figures (estimated as of July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census)
indicate that the population of those cities has increased to 19,237,302.
The compilation shows marked and miinterrupted decreases in the
number of robberies and auto thefts. Robberies decreased from
14,716 in 1931 to 8,325 in 1936, a drop of 43.4 percent. Similarly,
auto thefts decreased from 64,738 in 1931 to 34,859 in 1936, a reduc-
tion amounting to 46.2 percent. The table shows that burglaries have
decreased 22.5 percent from the peak reached in 1933.
Larcenies reached a high point in 1935, there being 123,321 such
cases reported in the cities represented, but in 1930 larcenies dropped
to 112,602.
104149°— 36-
100
Variations in the number of aggravated assaults have been rather
irregular. In 1936 the number of such crimes exceeded the annual
number for all other years covered by the table except 1933.
Offenses of rape showed a marked increase in 1935 and the number
for 1936 is almost as large.
It will be noted the compilation shows a substantial decrease in the
number of homicides during 1935 and 1936 as compared with prior
years. In connection with the decrease in the number of offenses of
murder and nonnegligent manslaughter (willful felonious homicides)
it is suggested that the decrease may be partially attributable to the
fact that during 1935 it w^as ascertained that many police departments
had been including as felonious homicides cases wliich were excusable
in nature, such as the killing of a felon who was resisting arrest by a
police officer. Such cases were subsequently excluded, together with
instances of lolling in self-defense by private individuals, in order that
the published figures might represent felonious homicides.
The cases listed under the heading of "manslaughter by negligence"
consist largely of automobile fatalities, and it will be observed that the
figures for 1935 and 1936 are considerably lower than for the four preced-
ing years. This is probably due largely to the fact that in 1934 it was
ascertained that c^uite a number of the police departments had Listed
as actual offenses of negligent manslaughter all cases of automobile
fatalities. During 1934 considerable stress was placed upon the fact
that deaths resulting from automobile accidents should be carried
under this classification only if the driver of the automobile was guilty
of gross criminal negligence. The exclusion of many cases of deaths
resulting from automobile accidents in which it was not thought that
there was present a degree of negligence sufficient to warrant prosecu-
tion has imdoubtedly played a large part in brmging about the reduced
figures for 1935 and 1936.
Table 5.5. — Daily average, offenses known to the -police, 69 cities over 100,000,
January to September, inclusive, 1931—36
[Total population 19,237,302, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Criminal
homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Larceny-
theft
Year
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
Number of offenses known:
1931
1,168
1,198
1,262
1,144
1,017
979
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.2
3.7
3.6
1,026
786
882
616
581
587
3.8
2.9
3.2
2.3
2.1
2.1
914
947
985
970
1,219
1,169
3.3
3.5
3.6
3.6
4.5
4.3
14, 716
14,011
13, 564
11, 184
9,546
8,325
53.9
51.1
49.7
41.0
35.0
30.4
7,779
7,044
8,725
7,934
7,520
7,991
28.5
25.7
32.0
29.1
27.5
29.2
51, 784
56, 831
58, 018
54, 849
52. 153
44,992
189.7
207.4
212.5
200.9
191.0
164.2
113,352
116, 845
122, 926
120, 629
123, 321
112, 602
415.2
426.4
450.3
441.9
451.7
411.0
64, 738
1932
54, 793
19,33
52, 013
1934 ...
48, 336
1935
41, 995
1936
34, 859
Daily averatre:
1931 ...
237.1
1932
200.0
1933 .
190.5
1934
177.1
1935
1936
153.8
127.2
101
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Location.
In table 56 there is presented information regarding the number of
pohce departments whose reports were employed in the preparation
of figures representing crime rates for the individual States. This
inft)rniation is included here in order to show the number of such
contributors according to size of city, and it is believed it will be
helpful in evaluating the crime data for individual States, since tabic
53 has indicated that there is a noticeable tendency for the large
cities to report higher crime rates than the smaller communities. It
should be further observed that in several instances the number of
records entering into the construction of State rates is quite limited.
In some cases the figures for individual States are based on reports
from only two or tliree police departments. Obviously, the crime
rates based on such a Imiited number of records may differ consider-
ably from the figures which would residt if reports were available
from all urban communities in the State.
In table 57 there are presented the crime rates for the individual
States, together with figures for nme geographic divisions of the
coimtry.
102
Table 56. — Number of cities in each State included in the tabulation of uniform crime
reports, January to September, inclusive, 1936
Population
Division and State
Over
250,000
100,000
to
250,000
50,000
to
100,000
25,000
to
50,000
10,000
to
25,000
Less
than
10,000
Total
GEOGRAPBIC DIVISION
New Enjiland: 155 citins; total population,
5,365,913 .
2
6
9
3
3
3
3
1
5
12
10
10
5
6
o
5
1
4
10
22
24
7
9
2
C
2
6
1
1
23
25
47
8
14
3
8
5
11
1
1
54
121
97
49
24
16
15
12
35
5
4
2
33
4
6
42
28
51
29
11
26
19
12
11
5
9
2
5
6
11
54
245
219
123
44
16
52
41
79
5
6
6
30
3
4
86
52
107
64
24
52
55
24
53
16
17
5
3
10
19
3
1
8
9
8
1
4
10
5
6
5
6
4
24
18
7
6
3
8
1
6
9
1
5
6
68
155
429
406
195
Mid<lle Atlantic: 429 cities; total population,
18,091,192
East North Central: 406 cities; total popula-
tion, 15,665,345
West North Central: 195 cities; total popula-
tion, 4,387,506
South Atlantic:! 100 cities; total population,
4,101.100
100
East South Central: 42 cities; total population,
1,687.374
42
West South Central: 89 cities; total population,
3,105,876
89
Mountain: 62 cities; total population, 1,109,581_
Pacific: 140 cities; total population, 5,306,701...
New England:
Maine
62
140
12
New Hampshire
12
Vermont .. ..
8
Massachusetts... . _. ..
1
1
8
--
4
3
3
3
4
1
2
1
1
5
2
1
5
6
11
4
2
7
8
3
11
4
6
10
9
6
15
7
12
5
8
88
Rhode Island . ..
14
Connecticut .
21
Middle Atlantic:
3
1
2
5
1
1
1
1
2
150
New Jersey
99
Pennsylvania
180
East North Central:
Ohio ... .
120
Indiana
49
Illinois ....
99
Michigan
90
Wisconsin
48
West North Central:
Minnesota ..
67
Iowa
3
2
3
2
1
1
-.
28
1
31
North Dakota
8
South Dakota . .
9
Nebraska.- ...
1
2
1
1
1
18
Kansas
34
South Atlantic:
Delaware
4
Maryland ... ..
1
2
4
1
\
1
3
2
3
4
2
7
.-
4
4
3
3
6
1
2
4
8
1
2
2
5
1
..
8
4
23
7
2
1
3
2
1
2
1
19
West Virginia _
15
North Carolina. .. _.
19
South Carolina
3
1
--
12
Florida . . ...
20
East South Central:
Kentucky .. _ .. .
1
1
1
13
Tennessee . .
12
Alabama . ... ... .. ..
1
1
2
2
3
1
10
Mississippi
1
1
1
_-
7
West South Central:
Arkansas
9
Louisiana
1
2'
3
10
Oklahoma . .....
32
Texas
Montana -. ..........
2
38
9
Idaho .
8
Wyoming . . .
5
Colorado
New Mexico.. ... ..
1
1
1
1
1
1
16
3
Arizona
1
8
Utah
1
11
Nevada
2
Pacific:
1
1
3
2
2
1
8
18
Oregon
12
California . . .
2
6
110
» Includes District of Columbia.
103
Table 57. — Rale per 100,000, offenses known to the police, January to September,
inclusive, 1936
Division and State
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
New England.
Middle Atlantic'..
East North Central
\Vest North Central
South Atlantic 2 3
East South Central
West South Central
Mountain
Pacific
New England:
Maine
New Uampshire
Vermont-
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle Atlantic:
New York*
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
East North Central:
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
West North Central:
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas.
South Atlantic:
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina'
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida..
East South Central:
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Mississippi..
West South Central:
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas..
Mountain:
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Pacific:
Washington
Oregon...
California
Murder,
non neg-
Rob-
bery
ligent
man-
Rape
slaughter
0.7
4. 1
10.4
3.0
6.6
19.8
3.6
6.2
60.7
2.8
3.7
37.4
13.0
6.8
63.1
1.5.5
4.0
77.0
12.5
5.1
46.8
6.6
7.2
37.8
2.6
1. 1
40.6
.5
3.8
13.1
0
5.2
3.1
1.5
7.4
4.4
.8
4.9
11.2
.3
.3
6.3
.8
3.2
11.4
3.1
7.2
11.4
2.5
5.8
23.6
3.1
5.7
34.8
4.7
4.4
55.2
4.9
5.5
44.0
4.0
4.5
96.2
2.1
12.8
41.6
1.0
3.3
8.6
1.0
3.4
35.5
1.2
3.1
38.5
5.6
4.1
40.8
2.3
2.3
25.1
1.8
16.2
27.9
3.4
1.1
28.9
2.4
3.6
42.8
5.0
.8
12.6
5.4
7.2
44.3
13.8
10.0
55.0
7.2
5.7
30.7
23.0
6.9
47.9
12.0
0
36.1
22.1
6.6
91.7
17.0
2.7
65.7
12.3
4.5
88.2
17.5
4.4
93.9
19.7
3.1
52.7
7.3
2.9
22.8
7.4
3.1
.53.9
13.5
3.3
31.8
7.9
5.0
61.2
14.2
6.0
46.7
2.5
^ 3.8
24.2
2.6
7.9
25.0
3.3
6.6
16.5
6.8
7.5
35.0
4.7
0
16.4
12.8
12.8
83.7
5.0
5.5
33.8
20.2
12.1
64.6
2.7
1.2
33.6
1.4
2.3
69.7
2.7
9.6
38.9
Aggra-
vated
assault
8.0
26.3
27.2
15.6
149. 9
113.4
67.9
15.8
20.6
8.4
8.3
0
7. 7
(i. 2
10.3
23.5
41.6
25.3
28.8
33.5
29.2
28.7
5.0
10. 1
9.5
27.0
6.8
2.7
11.2
15.5
35.2
7.0
197.8
67.8
368.0
14.0
97.4
160.3
123.2
151.5
51.7
73.5
89.8
91.0
36.9
68.1
14.0
10.5
6.6
10.6
18.7
39.9
15.5
36.3
16.0
10. 1
22.6
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
175.1
126.9
212.7
213.7
357. 3
360. 0
318. 1
276.5
343.4
200. 0
131.9
70.8
176. 3
124.1
211.6
118.3
194.4
104.0
236.5
228.3
254.0
161.1
92.2
229.8
231.8
196. 3
213.4
149.3
104.3
293. 0
168.3
187.7
386.2
223. 1
364.6
139.3
507.2
590.4
448.4
298.2
374.7
241.0
322.0
184.1
330.5
367.0
148.7
248.9
169.
221
359.
386.
375.
529.0
463.2
443.8
308.7
Lar-
ceny-
theft
327.7
237.0
495.3
574. 9
809.5
598. 1
859.0
724.6
744.9
333.6
207.5
98.8
314.5
327.4
411.8
295.4
348.8
153. 4
609.7
545.9
310.8
657.5
393.7
341.1
554.9
812.0
394.8
405. 1
344.5
793.5
435.4
325. 7
1, 128. 1
585.4
640.4
1, 326. 1
1,041.5
1,045.8
754. 6
407.5
689.9
573.8
784.0
303.6
835. 1
1, 074. 2
901.3
642. 8
833.8
590. 7
1, 069. 9
832.2
737.7
1, 498. 1
774.2
988.2
712.9
Auto
theft
128.9
101.0
121.3
153.6
213.8
172.9
159.7
228.1
290.4
199.9
30.8
44.3
141.8
54.3
140.7
86.4
114.1
104.7
147.1
176.8
86.5
138.2
73.9
190.5
149.6
126.5
90. 1
184. 4
197.2
109.6
159. 1
177.3
202.6
127.8
171.9
72.2
234.7
208.7
194.1
198.8
123.5
107.3
84.2
114 6
88.4
211.9
101.7
179.1
141.7
156.7
126.1
563.6
264.7
537.0
259.1
195.6
306.9
I The rates for burglary, larceny, and auto theft are based on the reports of 428 cities with a total population
of 10,936,892.
> Includes report of District of Columbia.
' The rate for aggravated assault is based on the reports of 99 cities with a total population of 3,220,400.
< The rates for burglary, larceny, and auto theft are based on reports of 49 cities.
• The rate for aggravated assault is based on reports of 18 cities.
104
Data for Individual Cities.
The number of offenses reported as having been committed during
the third quarter of 1936 is shown in table 58. The compilation is
limited to the reports received from police departments in cities with
more than 100,000 inhabitants. Such data are presented here in order
that interested individuals and organizations may have readily avail-
able up-to-date information concerning the amount of crime com-
mitted in their communities. Police administrators and other inter-
ested individuals will probably find it desirable to compare the crime
rates for their cities with the average rates shown in table 53 of this
publication. Similarly, they will doubtless desire to make compari-
sons with the figures of their communities for prior periods in order
to determine whether there has been an increase or decrease in the
amount of crime committed.
With reference to the possibility of comparing the amount of crime
in one city with the amount of reported crime in other individual com-
munities, it is suggested that such comparisons be made with a great
deal of caution, because differences in the figures may be due to a
great variety of factors. The amount of crime committed in a com-
munity is not chargeable to the police but is rather a charge against
the entire community. The followmg is a list of some of the factors
which might aft'ect the amount of crime in a community: The com-
position of the population with reference particularly to age, sex, and
race; the economic status and activities of the population; climate;
educational, recreational, and religious facilities; the number of
police employees per unit of population; the standards governing
appointments to the police force ; the policies of the prosecuting offi-
cials and the courts; the attitude of the public toward law-enforcement
problems. Comparisons between the crime rates of individual cities
should not be made without giving consideration to the above-men-
tioned factors. It should be noted that it is more important to
determine whether the figures for a given community show increases
or decreases in the amount of crime committed than to ascertain
whether the figures are above or below those of some other community.
In examining a compilation of crime figures for individual com-
munities it should be borne in mind that in view of the fact that
the data are compiled by different record departments operating
under separate and distinct administrative systems, it is entirely
possible that there may be variations in the practices employed in
classifying complaints of offenses. On the other hand, the crime
reporting manual has been distributed to all contributors of crime
reports and the figures received are included in this bulletin only if
they apparently have been compiled in accordance with the pro-
visions of the manual, and the individual department has so indicated.
105
Table 58. — Number of offenses known to the police, July to September, inclusive,
1936
City
Akron, Ohio.
Albany, N. Y.
Atlanta, Qa
Baltimore, Md..
Birmingham, Ala
Boston, Mass.-
Bridgeport, Conn
BufTalo, N. Y
Cambridge, Mass
Camden, N. J
Canton, Ohio
Chattanooga, Tenn
Chicago, 111
Cincinnati, Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio
Columbus, Ohio
Dallas, Tex
Dayton, Ohio
Denver, Colo
Des Moines, Iowa
Detroit, Mich
Duluth, Minn
Elizabeth, N.J
El Paso, Tex
Erie, Pa
Evansville, Ind
Fall River, Mass
Flint, Mich
Fort Wayne, Ind
Fort Worth, Tex
Gary, Ind...
Grand Rapids, Mich..
Hartford, Conn
Houston, Tex
Indianapolis, Ind
Jacksonville, Fla
Kansas City, Kans
Knoxville, Tenn
Long Beach, Calif
Los Angeles, Calif
Louisville, Ky
Lowell, Mass
Lynn, Mass
Memphis, Tenn
Miami, Fla
Milwaukee, Wis
Minneapolis, Minn
Nashville, Tenn
Newark, N.J
New Bedford, Mass...
New Haven, Conn
New Orleans, La
NewYork, N. Y
Norfolk, Va
Oakland, Calif
Oklahoma City, Okla.
Omaha, Nebr
Paterson, N. J
Peoria, 111
Philadelphia, Pa
Pittsburgh, Pa
Portland, Oreg
Providence, R. I
Reading, Pa
Richmond, Va..
Rochester, N. Y
St. Louis, Mo
St. Paul, Minn
Salt Lake City, Utah..
San Antonio, Tex
San Diego, Calif
San Francisco, Calif...
Scranton, Pa
Seattle, Wash
Somerville, Mass
South Bend, Ind
Spokane, Wash
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
3
1
33
16
21
4
1
3
(2)
2
3
64
17
28
5
34
11
9
2
26
20
8
5
7
1
18
6
1
10
5
3
1
12
5
1
24
98
7
1
5
2
1
32
8
4
1
1
6
3
19
1
3
8
5
6
Rape
11
1
11
17
3
U
(2)
11
1
4
7
66
13
10
3
10
5
1
120
2
4
8
3
3
16
1
8
2
6
2
8
7
/
73
9
4
1
5
200
3
11
4
3
3
48
19
2
1
8
4
9
12
2
3
2
5
3
2
1
Rob-
bery
40
1
133
101
54
37
3
20
0
30
30
49
1, 167
143
243
82
36
37
37
12
281
10
12
9
13
7
4
15
12
12
21
2
3
59
81
39
38
3
29
159
83
5
97
35
6
46
47
48
1
6
19
264
40
51
25
19
16
3
111
299
78
5
4
51
6
112
65
23
69
15
68
3
57
3
9
29
Aggra-
vated
assault
35
8
113
14
48
26
52
1
63
14
470
137
56
39
73
54
10
8
314
2
4
8
11
42
4
15
31
7
12
80
116
59
17
23
15
79
146
1
1
219
340
21
27
114
156
6
2
114
694
66
44
55
12
24
16
230
24
12
7
8
211
15
111
24
8
75
8
55
13
18
2
2
18
Bur-
Larceny—theft
glary—
break-
ing or
$50
and
over
Under
entering
$50
227
62
350
69
29
170
704
173
933
468
166
652
449
69
584
240
183
490
54
36
190
170
73
441
68
15
140
56
55
83
170
(')
253
163
27
406
3,079
844
3,128
544
191
1,132
681
84
2,451
442
130
829
465
64
1,544
161
32
533
213
80
241
161
20
409
788
217
4,433
59
32
187
67
16
102
82
12
251
104
21
94
63
15
277
94
10
94
147
48
528
69
23
285
334
26
646
62
10
83
172
24
394
200
50
298
343
59
771
404
120
1,038
321
131
617
204
(')
257
102
33
138
226
83
404
1,465
536
2,026
526
139
837
55
14
79
101
17
209
240
14
198
336
44
206
130
68
894
463
73
204
106
(')
363
225
94
600
105
17
247
182
36
276
171
46
184
551
('}
1,718
171
29
407
327
57
683
160
40
627
3S
13
93
97
17
58
74
12
52
487
177
446
291
135
246
534
171
949
125
10
199
68
24
125
401
109
936
160
42
424
401
(')
2,640
367
66
500
256
22
324
318
160
586
41
30
168
259
(')
1,550
63
16
95
685
138
006
45
13
72
45
12
68
169
69
423
Auto
theft
70
69
258
538
143
664
79
215
99
44
59
110
878
212
536
275
277
98
169
116
820
38
42
44
58
80
32
102
94
91
51
72
65
324
379
70
65
102
151
1,741
242
43
41
73
86
139
588
197
347
43
114
148
2,075
80
218
64
151
57
65
550
625
207
77
22
142
90
378
131
140
242
140
801
56
502
48
48
110
' Larcenies not separately reported.
' Not reported.
Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
Table 58.
106
-Number of offenses known to the police, July to September, inclusive,
1936 — Continued
City
Springfield, Mass...
Syracuse, N. Y
Tacoma, Wash
Tampa, Fla
Toledo, Ohio
Trenton, N.J
Tulsa, Okla
Utica, N. Y
Washington, D. C_.
Waterbury, Conn_.
Wicliita, Kans
Wilmington, Del.-.
Worcester, Mass
Yonkers, N. Y
Youngstown, Ohio_
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
6
1
19
Rape
9
6
4
7
30
Rob-
bery
5
6
5
61
15
30
1
178
3
5
1
1
51
Aggra-
vated
assault
14
6
19
39
17
8
2
166
1
3
11
5
6
25
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
111
132
116
73
245
91
230
29
590
60
95
65
161
56
133
Larceny— theft
$50 and
over
27
45
5
25
103
16
80
12
291
8
17
37
50
2
15
Under
$50
303
250
170
123
631
116
453
123
1,580
54
404
159
62
76
275
Auto
theft
69
104
64
26
378
55
47
23
732
62
39
64
130
50
170
Offenses Known to Sheriffs, State Police, and Other Rural Officers, 1936.
In compiling national crime data the Federal Bureau of Investiga-
tion distinguishes between urban and rural crimes. The figures pre-
sented in the preceding tables are based on reports from a large ma-
jority of the agencies policmg urban areas (places wdth 2,500 or
more inhabitants). Comprehensive data regarding rural crimes
are not yet available, but the information on hand is shown in table
59, which is based on reports from 421 sheriffs, 86 police agencies in
rural villages, and 4 State police organizations. For comparative
purposes there are presented below percentage distributions of rural and
urban crimes (the urban data are based on figures shown in table 53):
Offense
Total
Larceny
Burglary. -.
Auto theft-
Percent
Urban
Rural
100.0
100.0
52.2
23.3
15.5
46.4
30.0
10.2
Offense
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Rape
Murder
Manslaughter
Percent
Urban
Rural
4.0
4.9
3.5
3.8
.6
2.3
.5
1.3
.4
1.1
The above comparison discloses that whereas only 5 percent of the
urban crimes are offenses against the person (murder, negligent man-
slaughter, rape, and aggravated assault), 8.5 percent of the rural
crimes reported fall within those classes. This may be due to the
fact that some of the reports representing rural crimes indicate the
possibility that they were limited to instances in wliich arrests were
made. Incompleteness of tliis sort in the reports of rural crimes wiU
tend to increase the percentage of rural crimes against the person
because such offenses are much more generally followed by arrests
than are the less serious offenses against property.
107
Table 59. — Offenses Arnou'n, January to September 1936, inclusive, as reported by
421 sheriffs, 4 State police organizations, and 86 village officers
Criminal homi-
cide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny-
theft
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
Offenses known
382
467
803
1,349
1,740
10,668
16, 498
3,613
Offenses Known in the Possessions of the United States.
In table 60 there are shown avaihxble data concerning the number
of offenses known to hiw-enforcement agencies in the possessions of
the United States. The tabulation includes reports from Hawaii
County, Honolulu (city and county), Territory of Hawaii; the Canal
Zone; and Puerto Rico. The figures are based on both urban and
rural areas and the population figures from the 1930 decennial census
are indicated in the table.
With reference to the figures presented for the Canal Zone, it should
be noted that the Federal Bureau of Investigation has been advised
that less than one-third of the persons arrested for offenses committed
in the Canal Zone are residents thereof. It appears, therefore, that a
large proportion of the crime committed in the Canal Zone is attribut-
able to transients and other nonresidents.
Table 60. — Number of offenses known in United States possessions, January to
September 1936
[Population figures from Federal Census, Apr. 1, 1930]
Criminal homi-
cide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Larceny-
theft
Jurisdiction reporting
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Over
$50
Under
$50
Auto
theft
Hawaii:
Hawaii County, popula-
tion "3,325; number of
offenses known
3
4
2
254
23
1
89
8
11
3
55
12
5
38
4
36
10
1,403
13
754
62
562
83
8
94
97
1,300
178
2, 614
4
Honolulu, city and county,
Dopulation 202,923; num-
ber of offenses known
Isthmus of Panama:
Canal Zone, population
39,367; number of offenses
known
230
23
Puerto Rico:
Population 1,543,913; num-
, ber of offenses known
75
Data From Supplementary Offense Reports.
More detailed information concerning major offenses is obtained
from the police departments of cities over 100,000 in population.
Usable reports containing such information were received from 42
police departments during the third quarter of 1936, and the data
are presented in the following compilations.
104149°— 36 3
108
Table 61 reveals that over one-half of the rapes reported were
forcible in nature. Of the 2,338 robberies listed, 1,528 (65.4 percent)
occurred on city highways, and 635 (27.2 percent) in various types
of business houses.
The table includes 11,421 burglaries, 5,957 (52.2 percent) of which
were in residences. Of the total of 11,421 burglaries, 2,765 (24.2 per-
cent) were committed during the day. However, with reference to
residence burglaries alone, it is shown that 37.2 percent occurred
during the daytime.
Thirteen percent of the larcenies listed were cases in which the
property stolen exceeded $50 in value. The value was from $5 to
$50 in 62.8 percent of the cases, and under $5 in the remaining
24.2 percent of the larcenies. The compilation also shows that 1.9
percent of the larcenies were cases of pocket-picking and that 2.2
percent were instances of purse-snatching.
Table 61. — Number of known offenses loith divisions as to the nature of the criminal
act, time and place of commission, and value of 'property stolen, July to September,
inclusive, 1936; 1^2 cities over 100,000
[Total population, 14,784,831, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Classification
Rape:
Forcible
Statutory
Total
Robbery:
Highway
Commercial house
Oil station
Chain store
Residence
Bank
Miscellaneous
Total
Burglary— breaking or entering:
Residence (dwelling):
Committed during night
Committed during day,.
All other (store, oflBce, etc.):
Committed during night
Committed during day..
Total
Number
of actual
offenses
171
154
325
1,528
493
123
17
66
2
109
2,338
3,742
2,215
4,914
550
11,421
Classification
Larceny — theft (except auto theft)
(grouped according to value of article
stolen):
Over $50
$5 to $50-
Under $5
Total
Larceny — theft (grouped as to type of
offense) :
Pocket-picking
Purse-snatching
Another-
Total
Number
of actual
ofienses
3,089
14, 946
6,761
23.796
444
525
22,827
23,796
The figures presented in table 61-A show that the police depart-
ments of the 42 cities submitting the supplementary offense reports
during the tliird quarter of 1936 reported 6,318 automobiles stolen
during that period, 5,893 being recovered. The percent of recoveries
of stolen automobiles for the tliird quarter of 1936 is 93.3.
Table 61-A. — Recoveries of stolen automobiles, July to September, inclusive, 1936;
42 cities over 100,000
[Total population, 14,784,831, as estimated July 1, 1933, _y the Bureau of the Census]
Number of automobiles stolen. 6,318
Number of automobiles recovered 5, 893
Percentage recovered 93. 3
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In table 61-B may be found information concerning the value of
property stolen and the value of property recovered during the third
quarter of 1936, as reported by 42 police departments. The total
value of property stolen was $3,640,240.23. Property recovered
amounted to $2,374,728.15 (65.2 percent). Automobiles constitute
a large portion of the property represented in table 61-B. Exclusive
of automobiles, the value of property stolen was $1,543,115.23, and
the value of recoveries was $440,240.15 (28.5 percent).
Table 61— B. — Value of property stolen and value of property recovered with divisions
as to type of property involved, July to September, inclusive, 1936; 4^ cities over
100,000
[Total population, 14.784,831, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Type of property
Currency, notes, etc
Jewelry and precious metals
Furs
Clothing
Locally stolen automobiles..
M isceUaneous
Total
Value of property
stolen
$426, 152. 35
365, 247. 21
48, 272. 45
199, 032. 65
2, 097, 125. 00
504, 410. 57
3, 640, 240. 23
Value of property
recovered
$90, 891. 01
115, 956. 99
7, 217. 00
50, 132. 42
1, 934, 488. 00
176, 042. 73
2, 374, 728. 15
Percent
recovered
21.3
31.7
15.0
25.2
92.2
34.9
65.2
Annual Crime Trends — Cities Divided According to Location.
In the issue of this bulletin for the second quarter of 1936, there
was presented a tabulation reflecting annual crime trends in 1,127
cities during 1933-35. In that compilation (table 40) the data were
shown for the cities divided into six groups according to size. In the
following compilation (table 62) the figures for the same 1,127 cities
are shown with a subdivision of the cities into 9 groups according
to geographic location.
As mentioned in connection with table 40, the figures representing
the reports of the total of 1,127 police departments show marked
decreases in robbery and auto theft. The robbery decrease amounted
to 26.5 percent and the reduction in auto thefts was 26.2 percent.
There were substantial decreases in the number of homicides, aggra-
vated assaults, and burglaries reported. The decrease for larceny
was so slight as to be without significance. On the other hand,
reported offenses of rape showed an increase of 15.7 percent.
Examination of the figures for the nine geographic divisions of the
country reveals that there were decreases in robbery and auto theft
in all sections. It is generally true that the portions of the country
which reported the highest robbery and auto theft rates in 1933 have
shown the largest decreases since then. For burglary all sections
reported decreases, except the East South Central States. Larceny
changes were in most instances not very large. The New England,
East North Central, and Pacific States reported reductions in offenses
of this type, but the figures for the remaining sections of the country
reflected increases. With reference to aggravated assault, the West
South Central, Mountain, and Pacific States reported increases,
whereas the remaining divisions reported decreases. With the excep-
tion of the South Atlantic and the West South Central States, aU
sections of the country reported increases in the number of rapes com-
mitted. Most of the nine divisions reported decreases in the number
of offenses of murder, the reductions being particularly large in the
East North Central, West North Central, and Pacific States.
Ill
With reference to the figures showing a dechnc in the number of
cases of murder and nonneghgent manshuighter, it should be noted
that cases of justifiable or excusable killing are not included in these
figures. In other words, it is entirely possible that tabulations
which include justifiable and excusable killings nuiy show no decrease
in homicide, whereas there may actually have been a decrease in the
number of cases of felonious killing. However, it should be noted
that during 1935 it was ascertained that some pohce departments had
been improperly including cases of excusable homicide in their reports.
These were subsequently eliminated from the records. It is possible
that some of the decrease in the number of willful homicides shown
in the figures for 1935 is due to the fact that excusable homicides were
ehmina1x?d from the figures for that year, whereas some of them may
have been included in the figures for prior years.
Table 62. — Offenses known to the police, January to December, inclusive, 1933-36;
number and rates by geographic diinsions
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Criminal homi-
cide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Year and geographic division
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
.A.utO
theft
NEW ENGLAND
127 cities; total population, 4,920,574:
Number of oflenses known:
1933 - - .
89
66
63
1.8
1.3
1.3
366
308
337
4. 1
3.5
3.8
888
878
731
6.4
6.4
5.3
239
243
171
6.1
6.2
4.4
138
134
122
2.8
2.7
2.5
841
444
454
9.5
5.0
5.1
425
471
476
3.1
3.4
3.5
47
72
100
1.2
1.8
2.6
269
348
342
5.5
7. 1 ■
7.0
456
490
509
5. 1
5.5
5.7
893
832
1,087
6.5
6.0
7.9
174
233
205
4.6
6.0
5.3
1,290
1,438
985
26.2
29.2
20.0
4.082
3,443
3,036
46.0
38.8
34.2
24,210
22, 381
17,528
175.5
162.3
127.1
4,103
3,357
2,838
105.3
86.2
72.9
816
742
648
16.6
15.1
13.2
3, 456
3,025
2,670
38.9
34. 1
30.1
6. 3.52
6, 112
5,523
46.1
44.3
40.0
950
826
825
24.4
21.2
21.2
14, 439
14, 109
13, 504
293.4
286.7
274.4
20, 535
19, 907
18, 988
231.3
224.2
21.3. 9
.'■)4,04I
53,821
49, 044
391.8
390.2
355.6
14, 649
13, 833
13,272
376.0
355. 1
340.7
28,558
27, 270
23,984
580.4
554.2
487.4
29, 226
30, 489
30, 086
329.2
343.4
338.8
117,424
112,397
109, 008
851.4
815.0
790.4
32, 394
32, 994
33,540
a31.6
847.0
861.0
13, 531
1934 _ .
12, 824
1935 ... -
11, 130
Rate per 100,000:
1933.
275.0
1934
260.6
1935
226.2
MIDDLE ATLANTIC
279 cities; total population, 8,879,110:
Number of offenses known:
1933
1934 .. .
14, 562
15, 727
1935 -
14, 180
Rate per 100,000:
1933
164.0
1934
177.1
1935.
159.7
EAST NORTH CENTRAL
302 cities; total population, 13,791,712:
Number of offenses known:
1933-
50,850
1934 ...
37, 456
1935
27, 161
Rate per 100,000:
1933
368.7
1934
271.6
1935
196.9
•WEST NORTH CENTRAL
114 cities; total population, 3,895,581:
Number of offenses known:
1933
15, 407
1934 .
13,238
1935
11,345
Rate per 100,000:
1933
395.5
1934.
339.8
1935
291.2
112
Table 62. — Offenses known to the police, January to December, inclusive, 1933-35;
number and rates by geographic divisions — Continued
Year and geographic division
SOUTH ATLANTIC
73 cities; total population, 3,559,102:
Number of oflenses known:
1933
1934
1935
Rate per 100,000:
1933
1934
1935
EAST SOUTH CENTRAL
22 cities; total population, 1,481,825:
Number of offenses known:
1933
1934
1935
Rate per 100,000:
1933
1934
1935
WEST SOUTH CENTRAL
50 cities; total population, 2,928,781:
Number of offenses known:
1933
1934
1935
Rate per 100,000:
1933
1934
1935
MOUNTAIN
38 cities; total population, 942,030:
Number of oflenses known:
1933
1934
1935
Rate per 100,000:
1933
1934
1935
TACIFIC
122qities; total population, 3,522,021:
Number of offenses known:
1933
1934
1935
Rate per 100,000:
1933
1934
1935
TOTAL
1,127 cities; total population,
43,920,736:
Number of oflenses known:
1933
1934
1935
Rate per 100,000:
1933
1934 -
1935
Criminal homi-
cide
Murder,
nonneg
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
r.OS
553
464
14.1
15.5
13.0
373
406
353
25.2
27.4
23.8
471
451
406
16.1
15.4
13.9
62
52
71
6.6
5.5
7.5
140
137
108
4.0
3.9
3.1
3,131
3,094
2,704
7.1
7.0
6.2
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
226
204
189
6.3
5.7
5.3
112
139
209
7.6
9.4
14.1
147
142
161
5.0
4.8
5.5
15
34
37
1.6
3.6
3.9
146
164
184
4.1
4.7
5.2
2,097
1,804
1,932
4.8
4.1
4.4
Rape
271
239
236
7.6
6.7
6.6
58
58
62
3.9
3.9
4.2
163
165
144
5.6
5.6
4.9
53
53
75
5.6
5.6
8.0
163
185
232
4.6
5.3
6.6
2,5C0
2,603
2,892
5.7
5.9
6.6
Rob-
bery
3,092
2,830
2,534
86.9
79.5
71.2
1,900
2,021
1,871
128.2
136.4
126.3
2,818
2,482
2,213
96.2
84.7
75.6
1,047
1,133
895
111.1
120.3
95.0
3,383
2,438
1,847
96.1
69.2
52.4
45, 925
41,523
33, 747
104. 6
94.5
76.8
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
5,391
5,804
5,266
151.5
163.1
148.0
3,181
2,806
2,456
214.7
189.4
165.7
1,936
2,410
2,526
66.1
82.3
86.2
185
221
232
19.6
23.5
24.6
833
955
989
23.7
27.1
28.1
23, 100
22, 901
21, 135
52.6
52.1
48.1
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
15, 672
15, 143
15, 266
440.3
425.5
428.9
7,877
8,959
8,052
531.6
604.6
543.4
16, 163
15, 293
14, 438
551.9
522.2
493.0
6,031
6,149
5,077
640.2
652.7
538.9
18, 166
18,271
15, 789
515.8
518.8
448.3
167, 573
165, 485
153, 430
381.5
376.8
349.3
Lar-
ceny—
theft
34, 583
36, 576
40, 235
971.7
1,027.7
1, 130. 5
9,177
10, 385
9,984
619.3
700.8
673.8
33, 769
37,212
37, 159
1,153.0
1, 270. 6
1, 268. 8
11, 199
12, 832
11, 462
1, 188. 8
1, 362. 2
1, 216. 7
45, 507
44, 964
43, 451
1, 292. 1
1,276.7
1,233.7
341, 837
345, 119
338, 909
778.3
785.8
771.6
Auto
theft
12,314
11,721
10, 724
346.0
329.3
301.3
4,608
4,693
4,369
311.0
316.7
294.8
12, 298
12, 173
8,989
419.9
415.6
306.9
3,844
4,309
3,380
408.1
457.4
358.8
14, 189
13, 604
13, 156
402.9
386.3
373.5
141,603
125, 745
104, 434
322.4
286.3
237.8
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DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT RECORDS
During the first 9 months of 1936 the FBI examined 343,132
arrest records as evidenced by fingerprint cards, in order to obtain
data concerning the age, sex, race, and previous criminal liistory of
the persons represented. The number of fingerprint records examined
was considerably larger than for the corresponding periods of prior
years, which were as follows: 1935—292,530; 1934—260,506. The
compilation has been limited to instances of arrests for violations of
State laws and municipal ordinances. In other w^ords, fingerprint
cards representing arrests for violations of Federal laws or represent-
ing commitments to any type of penal institution have been excluded
from this tabulation.
The increase in the number of arrest records examined should not
be construed as reflecting an increase in the amount of crime, nor
necessarily as an increase in the number of persons arrested, since it
quite probably is at least partially the result of an increase in the
number of local agencies contributing fingerprint records to the
Identification Division of the FBI. The tabulation of data from
fingerprint cards obviously does not include all persons arrested,
since there are individuals taken into custody for whom no finger-
print cards are forwarded to Wasliington. Furthermore, data per-
taming to persons arrested should not be treated as information
regarding the number of ofi^enses committed, since two or more
persons may be involved in the joint commission of a single offense,
and on the other hand one person may be arrested and charged with
the commission of several separate oft'enses.
Despite the increase in the number of arrest records examined
during 1936, there was a decrease in the number of records reflecting
arrests for murder, robbery, and burglary, as compared with the same
period of 1935. Arrests for murder, robbery, assault, burglary, lar-
ceny, and auto theft constituted 31.2 percent of the arrest records
examined during the first 9 months of 1936, whereas, arrests for
those types of offenses numbered 37.1 percent of all arrests for the
first 9 months of 1935. Notwithstanding the decrease referred to
above, there were numerous arrests for major violations during the
first 9 months of 1936 as reflected by the following figures:
Criminal homicide 4, 862
Robbery 9, 763
Assault 21, 180
Burglary 22, 352
Larceny (except auto theft) 40, 492
Auto theft 8, 35 1
Embezzlement and fraud 10, 560
Stolen property (receiving, etc.)- 2, 425
Forgery and counterfeiting 4, 732
Rape_l 3, 851
Narcotic drug laws 2, 881
Weapons (carrying, etc.) 4, 450
Driving while intoxicated 13, 691
Gambling 4, 452
(114)
115
Of the total of 343,132 arrest records exaimned, 25,411 (7.4 percent)
represented females. The proportion of females arrested during the
first 9 months of 1936 shows a slight increase over tl>e figures for the
corresponding periods of i)rior >a^ars. The figures for 1935 and 1934
were 6.9 and 7.0 percent, respectively.
Women were found to be most frequently arrested for larceny,
3,429 (13.5 percent) of the total of 25,411 being charged with that
type of violation. Other olfenses frequently charged against females
were as follows:
Prostitution aiul commercial-
ized vice 2, 590
Drunkenness 2, 808
Vagrancy 2, 016
In addition, 500 women were charged with criminal homicide and 456
with robbery.
Assault .. 1, 904
Disorderly conduct 1, 746
Violation of liquor laws 1, 000
Table 63. — Distribution of arrests by sex Jan. 1-Sept. 80, 1936
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Autotheft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing
Forgery and counterfeiting- _ _ _.
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Other sex offenses .
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other trafBc and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
AU other oflenses
Total
Number
Total
4,862
9,763
21, 180
22, 3.';2
40, 492
8,351
10, 560
2,425
4,732
3,851
3,777
5,073
2,881
4,450
4,233
7,325
13, 691
2,411
10
4,068
14, 255
52, 698
27, 217
4,452
40, 537
4,234
23,252
343, 132
IMale
4,362
9,307
19, 276
21, 925
37, 0R3
8,203
10, 052
2,204
4,428
3.851
1,181
4,279
2,345
4,283
4,107
6,325
13, 350
2,380
10
3,982
12, 509
49, 890
2.5, 201
4, 105
37, 152
3,925
22, 026
317, 721
Female
500
4.56
1,904
427
3,429
148
508
221
304
2, .596
794
536
167
126
1,000
341
31
86
1,746
2,808
2,016
347
3,385
309
1,226
25,411
Percent
Total Male Female
1.4
2.9
6.2
6.5
11.8
2.
3.
4
1
.7
1.4
1.1
1. 1
1.5
.8
1.3
1.2
2. 1
4.0
(')
1.2
4.2
15.4
7.9
1.3
11.8
1.2
6.8
100.0
4
9
1
9
7
6
2
.7
1.4
1.2
.4
1.3
. 7
1.3
1.3
2.0
4.2
.8
0)
1.3
3.9
1.5.7
7.9
1.3
11.7
1.2
6.9
100.0
2.0
1.8
7.5
1.7
13.5
.6
2.0
.9
1.2
0
10.2
3. 1
2.1
.7
.5
3.9
1.3
.1
0
.3
6.9
11.1
7.9
1.4
13.3
1.2
4.8
100.0
1 Less than one-tenth of 1 percent.
116
The table showing the ages of persons arrested indicates that there
were more arrests for age 21 than for any other single age group.
The compilation disclosed that 59,954 (17.5 percent) of the persons
arrested were less than 21 years old ; 58,408 (17.0 percent) were between
the ages of 21 and 24; maldng a total of 118,362 (34.5 percent) less
than 25 years old. In addition, there were 59,044 (17.2 percent)
NUMBER OF PERSONS ARRESTED
AGES 16 TO 24
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT CARDS
JANUARY 1 - SEPTEMBER 30, 1936
2/500
4,000
6,000
8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000
5,980
Figure 14.
persons arrested between the ages of 25 and 29. This makes a total
of 177,406 (51,7 percent) less than 30 years of age. (With reference
to the ages of persons represented by fingerprint cards received at
the F B I, it should be borne in mind that the number of arrest
records is doubtless incomplete in the lower age groups, because in
some jurisdictions the practice is not to fingerprint youthful
individuals.)
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118
Youths were most frequently charged with offenses of robbery,
burglary, larceny, and auto theft. For all crimes 118,362 persons
under 25 were arrested, thus constituting 34.5 percent of the total
of 343,132 arrest records examined. However, youths under 25
numbered 53.7 percent of those charged with robbery, 58.5 percent
of those charged with burglary, 45.4 percent of those charged with
larceny, and 70.6 percent of those charged with auto theft.
Table 65. — Number and percentage of arrests of persons under 25 years of age,
Jan. 1-Sept. 30, 1936
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery 1
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possess
ing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice
other sex ofTenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations.-
other trafQc and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total
Total
number
of persons
arrested
4,862
9,763
21, 180
22, 352
40, 492
8,351
10, 560
2,425
4,732
3,851
3,777
5,073
2,881
4,450
4,233
7,325
13, 691
2,411
10
4,068
14, 255
62, 698
27, 217
4,452
40, 537
4,234
23, 252
343, 132
Number
under 21
years of
age
526
2,622
2,307
8,660
11,081
3,944
777
376
696
943
334
693
160
708
158
539
560
410
1
734
2,037
2,341
4,454
372
8,041
668
5,812
59, 954
Total
number
under 25
years of
age
1,377
5,243
5,738
13, 087
18, 368
5,892
2,260
754
1,455
1,799
1,293
1,503
544
1, 508
692
1,448
2,247
1,054
3
1,668
4,672
7,461
9,869
957
15, 831
1,391
10, 248
118, 362
Percentage
under 21
years of
age
10.8
26.9
10.9
38.7
27.4
47.2
7.4
15.5
14.7
24.5
8.8
13.7
5.6
15.9
3.7
7.4
4.1
17.0
10.0
18.0
14.3
4.4
16.4
8.4
19.8
15.8
25.0
17.5
Total per-
centage
under 25
years of
age
28.3
53.7
27.1
58.5
45.4
70.6
21.4
31.1
30.7
46.7
34.2
29.6
18.9
33.9
16.3
19.8
16.4
43.7
30.0
41.0
32.8
14.2
36.3
21.5
39.1
32.9
44.1
34.5
During the first 9 months of 1936, 39.5 percent (135,618) of the
persons arrested already had fingerprint cards on file in the Identifica-
tion Division of the FBI. In addition, there were 7,572 records
bearing notations indicating previous criminal histories of the persons
concerned, although the fingerprints had not previously been filed in
the Bureau. This makes a total of 143,190 records containing in-
formation regarding the prior criminal activities of the persons ar-
rested. The records disclosed that 103,703 (72.4 percent) had
previously been convicted of one or more offenses. This number
constitutes 30.2 percent of the 343,132 arrest records examined.
Many of the persons had been previously convicted of major
violations as indicated by the following figures:
Criminal homicide 1, 033
Robbery 4, 554
Assault 5, 683
Burglary 12, 945
Larceny (and related offenses) _ _ 26, 479
Forgery and counterfeiting 3, 260
Rape 674
Narcotic drug laws 2, 207
Weapons (carrying, etc.) 1,405
Driving while intoxicated 1, 929
Total 60,169
119
Tlio records of 34 of the persons charp;ed \nth criminal lioinicide
durint; the lirst 9 months of 193G disclosed that they had heeii pre-
viously convicted of homicide. In general, the tabulation indicates
a tendency for recidivists to repeat the same typo of crime.
As heretofore indicated, the records show that 103,703 of the persons
arrested hail been previously convicted. The records of those persons
disclosed 299,418 prior convictions, an average of almost three per
individual; 132,630 of the convictions were for major violations, and
166,788 were for less serious infractions of the criminal laws.
Tablk 66. — Number with previous fingerprint records, arrests, Jan
m. 1-Sept
SO, 1936
Previous
Total
fingerprint
record
4,862
1,162
9,763
4,782
21, 180
7,033
22, 352
9,110
40, 492
15, 922
8,351
3, 278
10, 560
4, 656
2,425
720
4,732
2,251
3,851
998
3,777
1,494
5,073
1,364
2,881
1,856
4,450
1,456
4,233
1,209
7,325
2,313
13, 691
3, 359
2,411
633
10
2
4,068
1,294
14, 255
5,268
52, 698
22, 615
27, 217
■ 14,194
4,452
1,143
40, 537
16,906
4,234
1,733
23, 252
8,867
343, 132
135, 618
O&ense charged
Criminal homicide --- ---
Robbery
Assault - --- -.
Burglary — breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Autotheft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape.-- -- -
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic druglaws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children
Liquor laws _
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion -.
Not stated
All other offenses
Total
Table 67. — Percentage with previous fingerprint records, arrests, Jan. 1-Sepi. 30,
1936
Offense
Narcotic drug laws
Vagrancy
Robbery
Forgery and counterfeiting
Embezzlement and fraud
Drunkenness
Suspicion
Burglary— breaking or enterin?-
Prostitution and commercialized vice
I-arceny— theft
Auto theft..
All other offenses
Disorderly conduct
Assault
Percent
64.4
52. 2 ■
49.0
47.6
44.1
42.9
41.7
40.8
39.6
39.3
39.3
38.1
37.0
33.2
Offense
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Liquor laws
Stolen property; buying, receiving, pos
sessing
Offenses against family and children
other sex offenses
Road and driving laws
Rape
Gambling-..
Driving while intoxicated
Criminal homicide
Parking violations i..
Percent
32.7
31.8
31.6
29.7
28.6
26.9
26.3
25.9
25.7
24.5
23.9
20.0
' Only 10 fingerprint cards were received representing arrests for violation of parking regulationa
120
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122
Table 69. — Number of cases in which fingerprint records show one or more prior
convictions, and the total of prior convictions disclosed by the records, Jan. 1—Sept.
SO, 19S6
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary — breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total
Number of
records show-
ing one or
more prior
convictions
827
3,563
5, 238
7,208
12, 508
2,391
3,183
537
1,679
727
1,012
1,010
1,500
1,160
744
1,553
2,481
443
2
946
4,065
19, 469
10, 633
697
11,965
1,277
6,885
103, 703
Number of
prior convic-
tions of major
offenses
954
5,494
6,380
12, 277
23, 533
3,423
5,256
818
2,983
883
1,267
1,227
4,151
1,560
764
1,125
1,542
356
3
925
4,209
13, 586
12, 314
732
16, 782
1,865
8,221
132, 630
Number of
prior convic-
tions of minor
offenses
710
3,416
5,962
6,572
17, 583
1,899
3,007
608
1,313
595
1,113
1,253
1,689
1,137
665
1,863
3,100
466
2
1,073
7,692
57, 854
21, 059
597
15. 141
1,322
9,097
166, 788
Total num-
ber of prior
convictions
disclosed
1,664
8,910
12,342
18, 849
41,116
5,322
8,263
1,426
4,296
1,478
2,380
2,480
5,840
2,697
1,429
2,988
4,642
822
5
1,998
11,901
71, 440
33, 373
1,329
31, 923
3,187
17, 318
299, 418
Whites were represented by 247,499 of the records examined and
Negroes by 78,873. The remaining races were represented as follows:
Indian, 1,912; Chinese, 778; Japanese, 173; Mexican, 12,169; all
others, 1,728.
The significance of the figures showing the number of Negroes
arrested as compared with the number of whites can best be indicated
in terms of the number of each in the general population of the coun-
try. Exclusive of those under 15 years of age, there were, according
to the 1930 decennial census, 8,041,014 Negroes, 13,069,192 foreign-
born wliites, and 64,365,193 native whites in the United States. Of
each 100,000 Negroes, 981 were arrested and fingerprinted during
the first 9 months of 1936, whereas the corresponding figure for native
whites was 324 and for foreign-born whites 151. Figur'^o for indi-
vidual tj^pes of violations may be found in the following tabulations.
It should be observed in connection with the foregoing data that the
figure for native whites includes the immediate descendants of foreign-
born individuals. Persons desiring to make a thorough study of the
comparative amounts of crime committed by native whites and
foreign-born whites should employ available compilations showing
the number of instances in which offenders are of foreign or mixed
parentage.
123
Table 70. — Distribution of arrests according to race, Jan. 1-Sept. 30, 1936
O flense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft..
Autotheft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possess
ing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape - ■
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws —
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
OfTenses against family and children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traflSc and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total
Race
Total,
all
White
Negro
Indian
Chi-
nese
Jap-
anese
Mex-
ican
All
others
races
2,801
1,857
27
11
3
134
29
4,862
6,703
2,651
37
3
1
279
89
9,763
11,463
8,639
123
20
12
701
222
21,180
16, 024
5,576
79
10
2
553
108
22, 352
27, 620
11,380
181
15
7
1,146
143
40, 492
6,973
1,112
33
1
1
211
20
8,351
9,010
1,196
53
5
5
260
31
10, 500
1,714
646
8
6
1
41
9
2,425
4,187
446
27
5
3
45
19
4,732
2,821
768
36
9
4
160
53
3, 851
2,714
976
18
1
1
53
14
3,777
4,108
810
21
3
3
102
20
5,073
1,653
419
5
519
5
209
71
2,881
2,424
1,788
5
18
4
141
70
4, 450
3, 553
550
15
1
108
6
4,233
4,267
2,951
26
2
76
3
7,325
11,822
877
119
1
27
803
42
13, 691
1,705
546
13
1
3
115
28
2,411
6
2,869
4
980
10
14
1
7
178
19
4,068
9,591
3,848
104
7
7
623
75
14, 255
42, 143
6,297
546
8
49
3,549
106
52, 698
20, 319
5,490
146
24
5
1.039
194
27, 217
2,216
2,071
1
79
9
32
44
4,452
28, 320
10, 941
170
21
3
910
172
40, 537
3,249
17,224
814
5,240
26
79
125
576
20
115
4,234
7
11
23,252
247, 499
78, 873
1,912
778
173
12. 169
1,728
343, 132
Table 71. — Number of arrests of Negroes and whites in -pro-portion to the number
of each in the general population of the country Jan. 1-Sept. 30, 1936, rate per
100,000 of population (excluding those under 15 years of age)
Oflense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery -
Assault
Burglary — breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Autotheft
Em bezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc..
Offenses against family and children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations..
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct.
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling —
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses ^
Total
Native
white
3.5
9.2
13.7
22.6
38.5
10.0
11.6
2.0
5.8
3.7
3.9
5.0
2.3
3.0
4.6
5.2
15.5
2.5
(■)
3.9
12.9
50.8
25.8
2.7
37.5
4.5
23.7
324.4
Foreign-
born
white
3.0
2.6
16.4
5.4
14.5
1.3
5.3
2.7
1.9
2.2
1.4
4.5
.7
2.7
3.5
6.2
6.1
.7
(0
1.6
7.8
24.0
9.2
2.5
12.4
1.8
10.8
151.0
Negro
23.1
33.0
107.4
69.3
141.5
13.8
14.9
8.0
5.5
9.6
12.1
10.1
5.2
22.2
6.8
36.7
10.9
0)
12.2
47.9
78.3
68.3
25.8
136.1
10.1
65.2
980.9
1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per hundred thousand.
124
Table 72. — Number of native whites, number of foreign-horn whites, and number of
Negroes arrested and fingerprinted by age groups, Jan. 1-Sept. 30, 1936
Age
Number arrested
Number of arrests per 100,000 of the
general population of the United
States
Native
white
Foreign-
born white
Negro
Native
white
Foreign-
born white
Negro
15
1,279
4,018
6,144
9,027
9,500
8, 532
9,928
9,616
9,051
8,355
35, 821
27, 776
24, 155
16, 471
11,283
16, 430
14
81
87
128
131
160
177
234
260
275
1, 5.50
1,987
2,849
3,373
3,108
5, 293
559
1,629
2,412
3,2.33
3, 407
2,974
3,473
3,775
3,745
3,574
15, 685
10, 947
9,731
5, 509
3,373
3,809
64.6
198.9
315.2
458.8
508.3
469.9
542.1
539.7
529.0
502.0
474.3
404.7
368.7
299.2
237.1
113.5
36.4
158.6
133. 3
159.8
145.9
149.6
151.9
181.4
180.4
166.2
151.8
159.4
174.6
199.1
198.6
107.7
232.5
16
632.1
17
984.6
18
1,201.3
19
1,430.0
20
1,150.3
21
1,521.2
22 J
1,513.7
23
1,597.1
24
1, 537. 5
25-29
1, 463. 4
30-34
1, 266. 3
35-39 .
1, 092. 3
40-44 - . -
801.4
45-49
535.3
50 and over. . _ ._
266.6
Total
207, 386
19, 707
77, 835
322.3
150.8
968.0
Table 73. — Percentage distribution of arrests by age, of native ivhites, foreign-born
whites, and Negroes, Jan. 1-Sept. 30, 1936
Number arrested
Percent
Age
Native
white
Foreign-
born white
Negro
Native
white
Foreign-
born white
Negro
15 and under 21
38, 500
36, 950
35, 821
27, 776
24, 155
16, 471
11,283
16, 430
601
946
1,550
1,987
2,849
3,373
3,108
5,293
14, 214
14, 567
15, 685
10, 947
9,731
5,509
3,373
3,809
18.6
17.8
17.3
13.4
11.7
7.9
5.4
7.9
3.0
4.8
7.9
10.1
14.4
17.1
15.8
26.9
18.3
21-24
25-29
18.7
20.1
30-34 - ---
14.1
35-39
12.5
40-44
7.1
45-49 -
4.3
50 and over
4.9
Total
207, 386
19, 707
77, 835
100.0
100.0
100.0
At the end of September, 1936, there were 6,389,766 fingerprint
records and 7,464,111 index cards containing the names and ahases
of individuals on file in the Identification Division of the FBI. Of
each 100 fingerprint cards received during the first 9 months of 1936,
more than 53 were identified with those on file in the Bureau. Fugi-
tives numbering 4,396 were identified through fingerprint records
during this same period, and interested law-enforcement officials
were immediately notified of the whereabouts of those fugitives.
As of September 30, 1936, there were 10,070 police departments,
peace officers, and law-enforcement agencies throughout the United
States and foreign countries voluntarily contributing fingerprints to
the FBI.
O
-^ 91)53, :d A^
UNIFORM
CRIME REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
Volume VII — Number 4
FOURTH QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1936
Issued by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
United States Department of Justice
Washington, D. C,
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1937
ADVISORY
COMMITTEE ON UNIFORM CRIME RECORDS
OF THE
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS OF POLICE
(II)
^' S. SUPCRINTFNOFNT OF Df>r.f'P/rr.!re
•"-"i J: 1937
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
J. Edgar Hoover, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation,
U. S. Department of Justice, Washington, D. C.
Volume 7 January 1937 Number 4
CONTENTS
Classification of offenses.
Extent of reporting area.
Monthly returns:
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to population (table
74).
Daily average, offenses known to the police, 1936 (table 75).
Daily average, offenses known to the police, 1931-36 (table 76).
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to location (tables
77-79).
Data for individual cities over 25,000 in population (table 80).
Offenses known to sheriffs and State police (table 81).
Offenses known in the possessions (table 82).
Data from supplementary offense reports (tables 83-86).
Data compiled from fingerprint cards, 1936:
Sex distribution of persons arrested (table 87).
Age distribution of persons arrested (tables 88-91).
Number and percentage with previous fingerprint records (tables 92, 93).
Number with records showing previous convictions (tables 94-97).
Race distribution of persons arrested (tables 98-103).
Index to Volume 7.
Classification of Offenses.
The term "offenses known to the police" is designed to include those
crimes designated as part I classes of the uniform classification occur-
ring within the police jurisdiction, whether they become known to
the police through reports of police officers, of citizens, of prosecuting
or court officials, or otherwise. They are confined to the following
group of seven classes of grave oft'enses, shown by experience to be
those most generally and completely reported to the police: Criminal
homicide, including (a) murder, nonnegligent manslaughter, and (6)
manslaughter b^ negligence; rape; robbery; aggravated assault;
burglary — breaking or entering; larceny — theft; and auto theft. The
figures contained herein include also the number of attempted crimes
of the designated classes. Attempted murders, however, are reported
as aggravated assaidts. In other words, an attempted burglary or
robbery, for example, is reported in the bulletin in the same manner
as if the crime had been completed.
"Oft'enses loiown to the police" include, therefore, all of the above
offenses, including attempts, which are reported by the police depart-
ments of contributing cities and not merely arrests or cleared cases.
Complaints which upon investigation are learned to be groundless
are not included in the tabulations which follow.
In order to indicate more clearly the types of offenses included in
each group, there follows a brief definition of each classification.
1. Criminal homicide. — (a) MnT-dci and nonnegligent manslaughter — includes
all felonious homicidps e-^v.i.pt those caused by negligence. Does not include
attempts to kill, assaults to kill, justifiable homicides, suicides, or accidental
(125)
126
deaths. (&) Manslaughter by negUgence — includes only those cases in which
death is caused by culpable negUgence which is so clearly evident that if the person
responsible for the death were apprehended he would be prosecuted for man-
slaughter.
2. Rape. — Includes forcible rape, statutory rape, assault to rape, and attempted
rape.
3. Robbery. — Includes stealing or taking anything of value from the person by
force or violence or by putting in fear, such as highway robbery, stick-ups, robbery
armed. Includes assault to rob and attempt to rob.
4. Aggravated assault. — Includes assault with intent to kill; assault by shooting,
cutting, stabbing, maiming, poisoning, scalding, or by use of acids. Does not
include simple assault, assault and battery, fighting, etc.
5. Burglary — breaking or entering. — Includes burglary, housebreaking, safe
cracking, or any unlawful entry to commit a felony or theft. Includes attempted
burglary and assault to commit a burglary. Burglar^' followed by a larceny is
entered here and is not counted again under larceny.
6. Larceny— theft (except auto theft). — (a) Fifty dollars and over in value. (6)
Under $50 in value — includes in one of the above subclassifications, depending
upon the value of the property stolen, pocket-picking, purse-snatching, shop-
lifting, or any stealing of property or thing of value which is not taken by force
and violence or by fraud. Does not Include embezzlement, "con" games, forgery,
passing worthless checks, etc.
7. Auto theft. — Includes all cases where a motor vehicle is stolen or driven
away and abandoned, including the so-called "joy-riding" thefts. Does not include
taking for temporary use when actually returned by the taker, or unauthorized
use by those having lawful access to the vehicle.
In publishing the data sent in by chiefs of police in different cities,
the FBI does not vouch for their accuracy. They are given out as
current information which may throw some light on problems of crime
and criminal-law enforcement.
In compiling the tables, returns which were apparently incomplete
or otherwise defective were excluded.
Extent of Reporting Area.
In the table which follows there is 8ho^vn the number of police de-
partments from which one or more crime reports were received during
the calendar year 1936. Information is presented for the cities divided
according to size. The population figures employed are estimates as
of July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census for cities with population
in excess of 10,000. No estimates were available, however, for those
with a smaller number of inhabitants, and, accordingly, for them the
figures listed in the 1930 decennial census were used.
Population group
Total
1. Cities over 250,000
Cities 100,000 to 250,000,
Cities 50,000 to 100,000..
4. Cities 25,000 to 50,000...
6. Cities 10,000 to 25,000...
Total
number
of cities
or towns
9S3
87
67
104
191
694
Cities filing returns
Number
803
87
67
99
177
623
Percent
90.8
100.0
100.0
95.2
92.7
88.0
Total
population
60, 281, S88
29, 695, 500
7,850,312
6, 980, 407
6, 638, 544
9, 116, 925
Population repre-
sented in returns
Number
68, 443, 839
29, 696, 600
7,850,312
6, 645, 870
6, 168, 177
8, 083, 480
Percent
97.0
Note.— The above table does not include 1,425 cities and rural townships aggregating a total population
of 7,196,091. The cities Included In this figure are those of less than 10,000 population filing returns, whereas
the rural townships are of varying population groups.
127
The g:rowth in the crime reporting area is evidenced by the following
figures for 1930 36:
Year
Number
of cities
Population
Year
Number
of cities
Population
1930
1.127
1.511
1.578
1,658
45.929,965
51.145.734
53. 212. 230
62, 357, 2G2
1354
1.799
2.156
2.318
62, 757, 643
64.615.330
65.639,430
1931
1935
1932
1936
1933
The foregoing comparison shows that during 1936 there was an in-
crease of 162 cities as compared with 1935.
In addition to the 2,318 city and village police departments which
submitted crime reports during 1936, one or more reports were received
during that year from 1,103 sheriffs and State police organizations and
from 10 agencies in possessions of the United States. This makes a
grand total of 3.431 agencies contributing crime reports during 1936.
128
MONTHLY RETURNS
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Population.
In table 74 tliere is presented information concerning the number
of crimes reported during the calendar year 1936 by the police depart-
ments of 1,658 cities with a total population of 60,372,091. All of the
cities represented are classified <is urban in character by the Bureau
of the Census, and all sections of the United States are represented.
The figures are also shown for the cities divided into six groups
according to size.
The compilation reveals in general that the larger cities have higher
crime rates than the smaller communities. However, only for the
offense of robbery does the crime rate vary directly in accordance with
the size of city.
More than^ one-half (52.5 percent) of the crimes reported were
larcenies; 22.8 percent were burglaries; 15.7 percent were auto thefts;
and 4.1 percent were robberies. This makes a total of 95.1 percent
which were crimes against property. The remaining offenses repre-
sented in the tabulation were crimes against the person. It should be
noted that although homicides represented less than 1 percent of the
crimes listed, there were 6,872 such crimes reported by the police
departments represented. Similarly, although robberies constituted
only 4.1 percent of the total crimes shown m the table, there were
33,603 offenses of that type reported. A percentage distribution of
the offenses included in table 74 is herewith presented:
Offense
Total
Larceny
Burglary. --
Auto theft.
Rate per
100,000
Per<>ent
1, 363. 2
100.0
716.7
311.5
213.7
52.5
22.8
15.7
Offense
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Rape
Murder
Manslaughter
Rate per
100,000
5.5.7
<fi.2
7.9
6.2
5.3
Percent
4.1
3.4
.6
.5
.4
r
OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE
JANUARY TO DECEMBER, INCLUSIVE, 1936
BASED ON REPORTS OF 1.658 CITIES - POPULATION, 60,372,091
OFFENSES AGAINST THE PERSON
6,000
NUMBER OF OFFENSES
10,000 16,000 20,000
25,000
80,000
MANSLAUGHTER BY NEGLIGENCE
3,136
MURDER C'^^^^^;
'INCLUDING NONNEGLIGENT
.1ANSLAUGHTER
■ I
3.736
)
27,830
Figure 15.
129
Most of the cities with more than 100,000 inha])itaiit3 made a
distinction in their reports between the number of hirccnies in which
the value of property stolen was more than $50 and the cases in which
the property was valued at less than $50. A separate compilation of
the mformation yields the following figures:
Population group
S3 cities over 250,000; total population, 20,734,800:
Number of olTenses known.
Rate per 100,000
63 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total population, 7,339,712
Number of ofifenses known..
Rate per 100,000...
Larceny-theft
$50 and
over In
value
20, 833
100.5
7,013
05.5
Under
$50 in
value
125, 612
COS. 8
Sf), 989
770,4
Of the 210,447 larcenies classified according to the value of property
stolen, 27,846 (13.2 percent) were cases in which the value of the
property exceeded $50.
OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE
JANUARY TO DECEMBER, INCLUSIVE, 1936
BASED ON REPORTS OF 1,658 CITIES - POPULATION, 60,372,091
OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY
100,000
NUMBER OF OFFENSES
200,000 300,09^0
400,000
ROBBERY
33,603
AUTO THEFT
361,398
Figure 16.
130
Table 74. — Offenses known to the police, January to December, inclusive, 1938;
number and rates per 100,000 by population groups
[Population as estimated July 3, 1933, bj' the Bureau of the Census]
Population group
GPOUP I
86 cities over 250,000; total popula-
tion, 29,375,600:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP n
66 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 7,726,812:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 1C0,000
GROUP in
04 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total
population, 6,294,609:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP IV
159 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total
population, 5,517,040:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000...
GROUP V
428 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total
population, 6,600,495:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP VI
885 cities under 10,000; total popula-
tion, 4,797,535:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
Total 1,658 cities; total population,
60.372,091:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
Criminal homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligcnt
man-
slaugh-
ter
2,054
7.0
491
6.4
441
7.0
215
3.9
312
4.7
223
4.6
8,736
6.2
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
1 2,014
7.3
381
4.9
260
4.1
165
3.0
184
2.8
132
2.8
« 3,136
5.3
Rape
2,761
9.4
503
6.5
6.3
372
434
6.5
292
6.1
4,758
7.9
Rob-
bery
21, 207
72.2
4,178
54.1
3,290
52.3
1,871
33.9
1,870
28.1
1,187
24.7
33, 603
55.7
Aggra-
vated
assault
13, 222
45.0
5,339
69, 1
8 3, 670
57.4
2,166
39.3
2,343
35.2
1,190
24.8
» 27, 830
46.2
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
» 74, 796
336.6
80, 431
393. S
20, 374
323. 7
16, 352
296. 4
14, 761
221.6
9,081
189.3
• 165, 795
311.5
Lar-
ceny—
theft
2163,894
737.6
67. 379
872.0
60, 364
800.1
40, 625
736.4
40, 095
602.0
19,041
396.9
« 381, 398
716.7
Auto
theft
« 56. 852
255.8
19, 858
257.0
13, 759
218.6
9,955
180.4
9,010
135.3
4.299
89.6
« 113, 733
213.7
I The number of offenses and rate for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 34 cities with a
total population of 27,647,400.
' The number of offenses and rate for burglary, larceny, and auto theft are based on reports of 35 cities with
a total populai ion of 22,221,300.
' The nrmiber of offenses and rate for aggravated assault are based on reports of 93 cities with a total popu-
lation of 6,215,009.
• The number of offenses and rate for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 1,656 cities with a
total population of 68,643,891.
• The number of offenses and rate for aggravated assault are based on reports of 1,657 cities with a total
population of 00,293,391.
• The number of offenses and rates for burglary, larceny, and auto theft are based on reports of 1,657 cities
with a total population of 53,217,791.
131
Daily Average, Offenses Known to the Police, 1936.
Monthly variations in the number of crimes reported are indicated
in table 75, which is based on the reports received from the pohce
departments of 92 cities with, an aggregate population of 37,102,412.
The table discloses that offenses of murder, aggravated assault, and
rape were most frequently committed during the third quarter of the
year, whereas, offenses designated as manslaughter by negligence
occurred most frequently during the fourth quarter.
The trend for offenses against property is somewhat different from
that shown for crimes against the person, as indicated in the preceding
paragraph. Offenses of robbery and burglary wore committed most
frequently during the first and fourth quarters of the year, with both
robbery and burglary reaching low points during July. It is interest-
ing to note that for robbery the figures decrease from January to July
without interruption, and for each of the remaining months show
increases. For larceny and auto theft, the figures are considerably
higher during the fourth quarter than during the remaining portions
of the year, and the figures for the third quarter are considerably in
excess of those for the first half of the year.
Table 75. — Daily average, offenses known to the police, 92 cities over 100,000,
January to December, inclusive, 1936
[Total population, 37,102,412, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Month
January ,
February
March
April ,
May.-
June
July-.
August
September
October
November
December
January to March
April to June
July to September
October to December.
January to December
Criminal homicide
Murder,
Donneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
6.0
5.7
6.6
5.7
6.3
7.8
7.7
8.5
7.1
6.8
7.4
7.8
6.1
6.6
7.7
7.3
7.0
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
gence
15.4
4.1
6.2
6.3
6.5
6.2
6.0
6.0
6.3
7,2
8.4
9.8
5.3
6.3
6.1
8.5
6.5
Rape
6.9
7.7
8.2
8.9
9.4
11.1
10.0
10.1
9.5
8.5
8.8
8.0
7.6
9.8
9.9
8.4
8.9
Rob-
bery
84.9
82.4
72.6
66.0
56.3
54.5
51.5
57.4
63.8
67.0
80.1
96.5
79.9
58.9
67.5
81.2
69.4
Aggra-
vated
assault
40.0
42.2
49.7
44.1
52.8
57.4
54 9
57.9
59.9
52.3
48.9
48.3
44.0
51.4
67.5
49.8
50.7
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
entering
'318.3
296.7
324.4
29B.3
257.6
244.1
242.1
268.5
286.4
278.5
297.7
339.3
313.6
265.9
265. 4
305.3
287.5
Lar-
ceny—
theft
'600.4
504.4
611.0
609,3
581. 0
585.6
572.3
606. 6
652.1
727,3
719.8
749.8
592.5
591.8
609. 9
732.5
631.9
Auto
theft
> 196. 4
186.8
211.1
210.9
192.2
185.5
187.2
211.2
214.3
228.4
240.8
249.7
198.2
196.2
204.1
239. ft
209.6
' Dally averages for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 90 cities with a total population o
35,374,212.
» Dallv averages for burglary, larceny, and auto theft are based on reports of 91 cities with a total population
of 29,948,112.
Daily Average, Offenses Known to the Police, 1931-36.
Information concerning annual variations in the amount of crime
during the past 6 years may be found in table 76. Tlic compilation
is based on reports received from the police departments of 74 cities
with a combined population of 21,023,312.
In general, the compilation reveals decreases in all types of crime
during the 6-year period, with the exception of rape, aggravated
assault, and larceny. In comparing the number of crimes reported
123976°— 37 2
132
FiGUEE 17.
133
during 1936 with the fio;iires for 1935, it will bo noted that increases
were shown for manslaughter by negligence, rape, and aggravated
assault, and that there was a reduction of only six cases of murder
and nonnegligent manslaughter. Since 1931 there has been a yearly
increase in the number of reported offenses of rape. During 1936
there was an increase of 85 such cases (5.3 percent), as compared
with 1935, and the amount of increase is 279 (19.9 percent) when the
1936 figures are compared with those for 1934. Similarly, the data
for aggravated assault indicate that the figure for 1936 is the highest
reported durmg the 6-year period, with the exception of 1933. Com-
paring the figures for 1935 and 1936 reveals an increase of 902 (8.4
percent) during 1936.
A comparison of the 1935-36 figures for offenses against property
reveals decreases in all cases, and the decreases are more substantial
when a comparison is made of the data for 1934 and 1936. The
extent of the reductions in crimes against property during the past
2 years is shown in the following tabulation:
Offense
Robliery..
Burglary..
Larceny...
Auto theft.
Amount of decrease
1935-36
849
8,166
8,581
8,287
1934-36
3,618
15, 614
10, 852
18,547
Percent of decrease
1935-38
6.0
10.7
4.8
13.3
1934-36
21.3
18.7
6.0
25.5
In connection with the figures in table 76 revealing substantial
reductions in many cases, it is of significance to note that the com-
bined population of the 74 cities represented was 20,476,346 in 1930,
whereas, the latest available figures (estimated as of July 1, 19 3, by
the Bureau of the Census) indicates that the population of those
cities has increased to 21,023,312.
It will be noted the compilation shows a substantial decrease in the
number of homicides during 1935 and 1936 as compared with prior
years. In connection with the decrease in the number of offenses of
murder and nonnegligent manslaughter (willful felonious homicides),
it is suggested that the decrease may be partially attributable to the
fact that during 1935 it was ascertained that many police depart-
ments had been including as felonious homicides cases which were
excusable in nature, such as the killing of a felon who was resisting
arrest by a police officer. Such cases were subseq^uently excluded,
together wdth instances of Idlling in self-defense by private individuals,
in order that the published figures might represent felonious homicides.
The cases listed under the heading ''manslaughter by negligence"
consists largely of automobile fatalities, and it will be observed that
the figures for 1934-36 are considerably lower than for the 3 preceding
years. This is probably largely due to the fact that in 1934 it was
ascertained that quite a number of the police departments had listed
as actual offenses of negligent manslaughter all cases of automobile
fatalities. During 1934 considerable stress was placed upon the fact
that deaths resulting from automobile accidents should be carried
under this classification only if the driver of the automobile was
guilty of gross criminal negligence. The exclusion of many deaths
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135
resulting from automobile accidents, in which it was not thought that
there was present a degree of negligence sufficient to warrant prose-
cution, has undoubtedly i)layed a large part in bringing about the
reduced figures for the 3^eare subsequent to 1933.
Table 76. — Daily average, offenses known to the police, 74 cities over 100,000,
January to December, inclusive, 1931-36
[Total population 21,023,312, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Year
Number of oflTenses known
1931
1932..
1933
1934
1935
1936
Daily average:
1931.
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
Criminal homicide
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
Bur-
glary-
Lar-
Murder,
Man-
Rape
vated
breaking
ceny-
nonnegli-
slaughter
assault
or enter-
theft
gent man-
by negli-
ing
slaughter
gence
1,649
1,524
1,279
21, 999
11, 174
79, 465
106, 043
1,656
1,179
1,308
20,880
9,825
84, 878
169, 173
1,778
1,401
1,324
20, 025
12, 104
87, 846
181,325
1,643
955
1,403
17,017
11,282
83, 459
181,974
1,455
959
1,597
14, 248
10, 765
76,001
179, 703
1,449
1,021
1,682
13, 399
11,667
67, 845
171, 122
4.5
4.2
3.5
60.3
30.6
217.7
454.9
4.6
3.2
3.6
57.0
26.8
231.9
462.2
4.9
3.8
3.6
54.9
33.2
240.7
496.8
4.5
2.6
3.8
46.6
30.9
228.7
498.6
4.0
2.6
4.4
39.0
29.5
208.2
492.3
4.0
2.8
4.6
36.6
31.9
185.4
467.6
Auto
theft
96,300
82,154
78, 727
72, 666
62, 406
64,119
263.8
224.5
215.7
199.1
171.0
147.9
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Location.
In table 77 there is presented information regarding the number of
police departments whose reports were employed in the preparation
of figures representing crime rates for the individual States. This
information is included here in order to show the number of such
contributors according to size of city, and it is believed it will be
helpful in evaluating the crime data for individual States, since table
74 has indicated that there is a noticeable tendencj^ for the large cities
to report higher crime rates than the smaller communities. It should
bo further observed that in several instances the number of records
entering into the construction of State rates is quite limited. In
some cases the figures for individual States are based on reports from
only three or four police departments. Obviously, the crime rates
based on such a limited number of records may differ considerably
from the figures which would result if reports were available for all
urban communities in the State.
In table 78 there are presented the crime rates for the individual
States, together with figures for nine geographic divisions of the
country.
In table 79 may be found crime rates for the nine geographic divi-
sions of the country, with the cities in each division being segregated
into six groups according to size. This information is presented in
order to make possible comparisons between the figures for an indi-
vidual community and the average figures for cities of the same size
which are located in the same section of the United States.
136
Table 77. — Number of cities in each State included in the tahidalion of uniform
crime reports, January to Decemher, inclusive, 1936
Division and State
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
New England: 1G3 cities; total population,
5,502,337
Middle Atlantic; 437 cities; total population,
18,312,462
East North Central; 427 cities; total popula-
tion, 15,974,707_..-
West North Central; 197 cities; total popula-
tion, 4,878,048
South Atlantic; ' 101 cities; total population,
4,313,706
East South Central; 40 cities; total population,
1,723,841
West South Central; 93 cities; total popula-
tion, 3,248,839
Mountain; 65 cities; total population, 1,179,202.
Pacific; 132 cities; total population, 5,238.951__.
New England:
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont —
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle Atlantic:
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
East North Central:
Ohio — — .
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin -.-
West North Central:
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
■ North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas -_
South Atlantic:
Delaware
INIaryland
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina —
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
East South Central:
Kentucky
Tennessee...
Alabama
Mississipni
West South Central:
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
Mountain:
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico..
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Pacific:
Washington
Oregon
California
Population
Over
250, 000
100, 000
to
250. 000
12
11
10
50, 000
to
100, 000
10
22
25
7
13
5
6
11
4
3
25, 000
to
50, 000
25
28
51
11
14
3
10
fi
11
1
1
1
11
4
7
10
10
8
15
S
10, 000
to
25, 000
68
118
102
47
22
15
19
14
33
6
4
2
35
4
7
41
27
£0
30
11
29
19
13
10
5
7
3
5
6
11
8
4
21
Less
than
10, 000
56
252
230
123
46
14
50
41
73
7
6
6
31
3
3
88
54
110
69
27
5!
58
25
53
16
16
5
4
11
18
3
1
10
11
4
10
5
5
4
5
6
24
16
5
5
3
10
1
5
9
3
5
5
63
Total
103
437
427
197
104
40
93
65
132
15
12
9
91
14
22
151
102
184
126
54
102
95
50
66
31
29
9
10
19
33
4
7
21
17
19
3
13
19
12
11
9
13
33
39
9
7
5
18
4
7
11
4
18
U
103
1 Includes District of Columbia.
13;
Table 78. — Rate per 100,000, offenses known to the police, January to December,
inclusive, 1930, by Slates
Division and State
Murder,
nonnegli-
gont man-
slaughter
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Auto
theft
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
New England.
1.0
4.0
4.8
4.4
17.5
21.3
17.1
7.5
3.5
2.1
0.5
2.2
0.9
0.7
1.4
4.0
3.6
4.2
6.5
5.5
5.4
2.9
1.2
1.4
1.2
8.5
2.9
1.8
4.1
4.3
5.9
7.4
18.0
10.3
27.6
15.9
31.8
21.4
14.7
25.2
27.5
10.7
11.0
18.1
10.0
19.8
3.1
3.0
0.6
7.5
7.3
17.5
5.5
13.1
3.0
1.6
3.8
5.8
8.4
8.5
4.7
9.0
5.5
6.2
9.2
10.1
4.2
6.8
11.8
7.1
0.7
4.4
9.2
6.8
7.5
6.2
7.6
6.2
16.6
5.7
4.5
4.4
5.3
2.9
17.5
1.4
4.3
0.8
9.7
12.3
6.7
8.7
6.2
8.9
3.7
6.2
5.6
4.3
6.5
4.5
4.1
6.1
7.1
4.7
10.5
8.2
9.6
5.5
18.3
6.4
10.5
2.0
3.0
12.5
14.9
26.8
84.0
52.9
88.1
107.4
63.8
56.4
61.8
17.5
4.7
10.1
16.5
7.4
15.2
15.7
32.0
46.1
82.3
63.6
131.1
55.7
11.8
49.6
51.1
59.7
38.0
32.4
39.6
59.8
10.7
66.6
79.1
41.9
60.3
38.6
122.8
100.1
124.1
139.2
71.1
38.1
78.5
43.9
78.0
65.4
50.4
19.8
23.1
53.7
34.7
116.7
55.5
75.8
59.9
104.2
57.7
10.5
35. 5
36.4
19.1
3 102.9
143.3
89.0
23. 0
28.2
10.8
9.4
1.1
10.5
8.4
12.8
31.1
57.7
34.3
37.9
44.5
39.9
37.4
7.2
14.9
12.1
27.9
6.7
4.4
14.3
20.3
43.5
9.0
201.7
93.8
» 458. 6
102.7
132.6
208.0
128.9
207.5
95.7
79.1
105.5
121.0
51.7
88.2
17.3
15.0
0.0
17.5
30.0
50.7
20.9
39.2
21.8
14.0
31.0
237.3
1 174.6
2i)0.4
294.0
478.7
480.0
432.2
3S3.5
472.3
274.7
182.0
127.0
235. 7
170.0
293.4
« 158. 6
259.4
147.0
328.7
301.8
342.9
220.9
131.3
344.9
290.2
264.1
308.8
204.2
140.4
402.7
223.0
245.0
525.4
290.8
447.6
150.3
718.5
787.2
591.5
408.6
481.2
409.3
445.1
2.37.5
440.5
506.7
217.9
296.3
238.9
317.3
438.7
537.8
503. 2
509.6
615.9
030.7
425.6
455. 2
1 328. 2
691.3
808.5
1,128.9
781.7
1,217.9
1,012.5
1, 002. 4
4.33. 0
283.1
383.3
435. 1
452. 5
567.1
< 399. 1
482. 3
216.3
800. 0
755.2
430. 0
908.0
554.6
574.4
805.9
981.9
545.4
598.7
480. 2
1, 158. 2
629.7
459.2
1,031.7
787.5
740.6
1, 623. 4
1,474.9
1, 486. 9
914.0
577.8
922.0
757.3
1, 148. 1
484,3
1,315.9
1, 484. 8
1,218.7
770.0
1,112.3
827.2
1, 480. 1
1,231.5
1, 028. 2
1, 518. 0
1,119.2
1, 433, 8
1,011.1
181.1
Middle Atlantic -
> 150. 2
East North Central ...
109.2
West North Central
226.9
South Atlantic '
286.9
East South Central
241.1
West South Central
214.9
Mountain
316.3
Pacific
409.5
New England:
Maine -.
205.1
New Hampshire
40.7
Vermont
89.4
Massachusetts
204,6
Rhode Island..
79.9
Connecticut
191.2
Middle Atlantic:
New Yorlc
« 129. 6
New Jersey
175.2
Pennsylvania
152.0
East North Central:
Ohio
209.9
Indiana .
245 6
Illinois
116 6
Michigan
190.0
Wisconsin
105.8
West North Central:
Minnesota .
296 5
Iowa
197 5
Missouri
209. 1
North Dakota
143.5
South Dakota
253 3
Nebraska ...
249.6
Kansas..
158.1
South Atlantic:
Delaware
230.3
Maryland ..
254 5
Virginia
258.7
West Virginia
180.6
270 9
South Carolina .
132.4
291.1
Florida
258.1
East South Central:
Kentucky
200 5
280.6
Alaljama
200.6
Mississippi _
129 1
West South Central:
Arkansas
133 1
Louisiana
154.4
Oklahoma
123.2
Texas
280.0
Mountain:
Montana
306.0
Idaho
243.6
Wyoming .
184 6
Colorado
208.3
New Mexico
144.4
Arizona
776.3
Utah
377.7
Nevada
525.2
Pacific:
Washington .
370.5
Oregon
275.8
California
431.7
• The rates for burglary, larceny, and auto theft are based on the reports of 436 cities with a total population
of 11,1.58,102.
' Includes report of District of Columbia.
' The rate for aggravated assault is based on the reports of 103 cities with a total population of 4,235,006.
• The rates for burglary, larceny, and auto theft are ba.sed on reports of 150 cities.
• The rate for aggravated assault is based on reports of 18 cities.
138
Table 79.^Rate per 100,000, offenses known to the police, January to December,
inclusive, 1936, by geographic divisions and population groups
Geographic Division and population
group
NEW ENGLAND
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
MIDDLE ATLANTIC
Group I -
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
EAST NORTH CENTRAL
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI -.
WEST NORTH CENTRAL
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
SOUTH ATLANTIC
Group I '
Group II -
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
EAST SOUTH CENTRAL
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V -
Group VI
WEST SOUTH CENTRAL
Group I -
Group II --
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
MOUNTAIN
Group I.-
Group II
Group III ,
Group IV.
Group V ,
Group VI
PACIFIC
Group I
Group II ,
Group III.
Group IV
Group V.
Group VI
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent raan-
slaugliter
1.1
1.0
1.5
.8
.7
1.7
6.9
3.8
1.8
1.1
2.9
2.7
15.5
16.9
22.1
14.8
17.1
23.0
18.9
31.6
17.9
15.3
21.9
27.9
24.7
11.8
15.3
8.9
19.9
14.0
9.5
4.2
17.6
6.3
6.5
4.7
3.9
8.9
2.4
1.7
2.8
8.4
Rape
9.4
8.8
6.2
7.3
6.5
5.5
10.0
8.0
7.2
6.8
6.3
6.4
11.6
6.6
8.0
9.6
6.6
5.0
5.3
3.7
6.8
11.6
6.7
4.9
6.3
7.6
8.8
2.4
9.3
5.5
7.2
6.9
15.7
9.2
9.4
9.9
12.6
6.3
7.1
6.5
6.6
0.1
Rob-
bery
20.8
12.2
15.3
17.5
11.0
12.6
30.0
26.1
31.1
19.3
17.3
15.0
120.5
62.5
62.4
35.9
85.9
28.2
61.4
65.6
60.7
55.9
34.5
23.8
129.0
102.2
68.3
42.7
38.5
44.3
123.5
115.1
124.5
96.6
62.6
42.6
60.6
94.0
49.6
40.4
52.6
43.3
60.7
68.0
118.4
59.3
40.7
27.6
75.3
48,9
78.8
31.1
29.2
27.7
Aggra-
vated
assault
16.9
10.4
6.0
10.0
8.9
7.0
38.
41.
39.
26.
25.
16.
46.5
56.8
25.3
18.2
12.0
16.9
26.7
17.4
17.4
11.9
12.4
6.7
58.8
306.5
8 160. 0
208.7
262.5
132.6
152.9
194.2
158.2
64.1
96.4
76.6
100.9
66.7
146.4
67.4
96.6
61.5
22.2
25.0
41.1
24.8
16.9
18.5
80.3
28.0
41.6
23.2
9.1
25.3
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
143.8
320.9
238.8
292. 0
176.6
157.1
1 150. 2
255. e
227.1
200.6
148.5
117.0
330.5
324.8
272.4
254.3
203.2
108. 3
287.6
336.1
391.6
287.1
308.9
177.8
483.5
734.6
414.1
393.0
290.4
291.9
627.5
390.6
341.2
458.0
215.2
337.4
398.9
549.8
487.6
370.5
358.1
270.3
358.1
651.9
553.8
359. 5
301.7
266.1
608.9
428.3
607.7
512.6
853. 5
335.5
Larceny —
theft
3Ca9
689.0
495.5
476.5
359.3
236.7
» 296. 3
421.6
403.7
391.7
306.1
219.0
766.2
830. 8
690.9
670.3
504.4
301.3
794.6
843.2
916.1
946.0
1,016.2
415.0
962.8
1,619.8
1,221.0
1, 274. 3
804.6
480.6
910.1
817.8
634.5
688.4
619.8
518.3
1, 206. 1
1, 472. 3
1, 370. 1
1,034.3
1, 135. 6
594.1
542.3
1, 02.5. 0
1, 410. 0
1, 448. 3
1, 3.50. 1
744.1
1, 006. 1
1,011.8
1, 473. 9
1,051.4
1, 170. 4
862.3
Auto
theft
304.0
228.2
154.6
143.9
68.0
53.1
1 185. 3
199.6
178.4
130.2
93.9
51.0
171.2
2R5.9
191.0
178.7
115.1
74.9
273. 1
237.7
245.3
195.2
210.2
89.4
387.3
300.3
222. 4
216! 0
169.1
126.7
226.4
454.3
221.0
175. 9
148. 6
88.6
286.1
236.9
191.8
132.8
133.1
97.9
218.3
397.4
829.7
380. 7
270.4
141.2
483.4
834.2
895.3
284.5
291.6
234.4
1 The rates for burglary, larceny, and auto theft are based on the reports of 5 cities.
' Includes the District of Columbia.
• The rate for aggravated assault is based on reporf.s of 12 citle».
139
Data for Indiiidiial Cities With More Than 25,000 Inhabitants.
The miinber of offenses reported as liavinp: been ooniniitted during
the calemhxr year 1936 is shown in table 80. Tlie conii)ihiti()n lias been
expanded so as to inchule the reports received from ])olice departments
in cities with more than 25,000 inhabitants (since 1934 this tabulation
has been hmited to the fig:ures received from police departments of
cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants). Such data are included
here in order that interested individuals and organizations may have
readily available up-to-date information concerning the amount of
crime conmiitted in their communities. Police administrators and
other interested individuals will probably find it desirable to compare
the crime rates of their cities with the average rates shown in tables
74 and 79 of this publication. Similarly, they will doubtless desire to
make comparisons with the figures for their commimities for prior
periods, in order to detennine Avhether there has been an increase or
a decrease in the amount of crime committed.
With reference to the possibility of comparing the amount of crime
in one city with the amount of reported crime in other individual com-
munities, it is suggested that such comparisons be made with a great
deal of caution, because differences in the figures may be due to a great
variety of factors. Tlie amount of crime committed in a community
is not chargeable to the police but is rather a charge against the entire
community. The following is a list of some of the factors which might
affect the amount of crime in a community: The composition of the
population with reference particularly to a^e, sex, and race; the eco-
nomic status and activities of the population; climate; educational,
recreational, and religious facilities; the number of police employees
per unit of population; the standards governing appointments to the
police force; the policies of the prosecuting officials and the courts;
the attitude of the public toward law enforcement problems. Com-
parisons between the crime rates of individual cities should not be
made without giving consideration to the above-mentioned factors.
It should be noted that it is more important to determine whether the
figures for a given community show increases or decreases in the amount
of crime committed than to ascertain whether the figures are above or
below those of some other community.
In examining a compilation of crime figures for individual communi-
ties it should be borne in mind that in view of the fact that the data
are compiled by different record departments operating imder separate
and distinct administrative systems, it is entirely possible that there
may be variations in the practices employed in classifying complaints
of offenses. On the other hand, the crime reporting manual has been
distributed to all contributors of crime reports and the figures re-
ceived are included in this bulletin only if they apparently have been
compiled in accordance with the provisions of the manual, and the
individual department has so indicated.
123976°— 37-
140
Table 80. — Nmnber of offenses known to the police, Januanj to December, inclusive,
1936, cities over 25,000 in 'population
City
Abilene, Tex
Akron, Ohio
Albany, N. Y
Albuquerque, N. Max
Alhambra, Calif
Aliquippa, Pa -
Allcntown, Pa -..
Alton, 111
Altoona, Pa
Amarillo, Tex
Amsterdam, N. Y...
Anderson, Ind
Ann Arbor, Mich
Arlington, Mass
Asheville, N. C
Atlanta, Ga
Atlantic City, N. J
Augusta, Oa
Auburn, N. Y.'.
Aurora, 111..
Austin, Tex
Bakersfleld, Calif....
Baltimore, Md
Bangor, Maine.. _
Barberton, Ohio
Baton Kouge, La
Battle Creek, Mich
Bay City, Mich.
Beaumont, Tex
Belleville, 111
Belleville, N.J
Bellingham, Wash
Berkeley, Calif
Berivyn, 111
Bethlehem, Pa
Beverly, Mass
Binghamton, N. Y
Birmingham, Ala
Bloonifield, N. J
Bloomington, 111
Boston, Mass
Bridgeport, Conn
Bristol, Conn
Brockton, Mass
Brookline, Mass
Brownsville, I'ex
BufTnlo, N. Y
Burlington, Iowa
Burlington, Vt
Butte, Mont
Cambridge, Mass
Camden, N. J._
Canton, Ohio
Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Central Falls, R. I..
Charleston, S. C
Charleston. W. Va
Charlotte, N. C.
Chattanooga, Tenn
Chelsea, Mass
Chester, Pa
Chicago, 111
Chicopee, Mass
Cicero, 111
Cinc-innati, Ohio
Cleieland, Ohio
Cleveland Heights, Ohio.
Clifton, N.J
Clinton, Iowa
Colorado Springs, Colo...
Coluuibia, S. C
Columbus, Oa
Columbus, Ohio
Coun.'il Blufs, Iowa
Covingron, Ky-
Cranston, R. I_.
Murder,
nonneg-
11 gent
man-
slaugh-
ter
13
5
2
14
118
4
20
11
8
60
1
2
70
11
(»)
2
11
55
Ifj
221
1
61
86
11
6
14
1
3
Rape
1
33
2
1
4
30
7
11
1
2
1
3
85
2
1
10
3
]
6
2
5
3
3
8
1
71
1
6
2
4
43
1
6
1
12
22
6
4
198
4
3
50
35
11
8
5
6
8
3
12
1
3
2
Rob-
bery
3
159
16
7
2
7
17
14
6
4
2
22
8
38
600
79
33
3
16
31
25
693
3
2
11
10
2
8
17
4
18
24
76
2
7
227
10
41
201
23
2
22
9
159
6
9
36
27
101
133
13
4
38
27
104
145
14
20
.5, 895
2
64
497
1, 123
23
24
15
6
8
19
485
30
172
4
Aggra-
vated
assault
22
132
40
11
4
47
1
58
3
4
1
3
368
375
124
125
1
2
43
16
38
5
35
2
2
89
1
2
1
11
22
1
5
171
11
140
2
222
6
1
1
13
163
111
6
2
8
63
239
(')
10
41
1,589
7
394
210
1
6
4
133
44
144
2
88
1
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or
entering
78
1,061
317
130
321
49
122
124
113
98
39
50
21
102
164
2,960
667
506
25
81
550
171
2,103
99
31
167
145
120
182
68
44
82
194
58
27
108
1,829
129
205
1,057
371
60
178
227
87
609
41
61
71
301
322
557
20
135
224
623
662
316
100
13, 772
59
133
1,794
2,507
101
104
66
103
24
197
1,888
65
206
41
Larceny—
theft
Over
Under
$50
$50
9
232
279
1,492
84
682
32
367
4
198
6
53
29
281
25
184
13
104
46
98
9
75
17
73
52
146
11
122
65
178
728
3,682
361
1,314
48
969
9
134
33
129
145
1,617
62
570
691
2,803
42
318
3
20
20
235
28
440
29
480
35
117
3
12
10
10
206
30
839
3
86
21
54
3
64
24
242
443
2,713
11
172
46
243
795
2,081
161
728
13
61
65
402
58
143
5
112
286
1,083
6
111
11
248
53
288
70
519
254
322
(')
909
58
376
4
106
187
1,108
(0
906
08
402
129
1,435
21
189
26
193
3, 302
11, 069
12
117
28
48
691
4,453
277
9,217
21
277
16
118
70
152
22
503
55
526
30
481
673
3,270
59
442
155
207
39
178
Auto
theft
45
300
284
60
71
24
165
101
74
58
24
109
17
22
136
1,268
218
81
17
49
185
174
2,133
120
6
20
109
130
99
9
8
27
71
11
86
20
159
603
42
131
2,911
332
5
105
180
6
923
29
41
200
460
277
242
110
10
60
196
340
468
105
151
3,527
29
66
946
2,172
43
39
13
67
29
79
962
43
143
24
i"or footnotes see end of table.
141
Table 80. — Number of offenses known to (he police, January to December, mclusive,
19S6, cities over 25,000 in population — Continued
City
Cumberland, Md
DullHs, Tex--- -
Danville, III -
Danville, Va
Davenport. Iowa
Dayton, Onio
Dearborn, Mich.
Decatur, 111
Denver, Colo
De.s Moines, Iowa -
Detroit, Mich
Dub'.Kjuo, Iowa
Duluth, Minn
East Chicago, Ind
East Cleveland, Ohio
Easton, Pa — -
East Oranpe, N. J
East Providence, R. I...
East St. Louis, III
Eau Claire, Wis
Elgin, 111
Elizabeth, N. J
Elkhart, Ind
Elmira, N. Y.
El Paso, Tex
Elyrla, Ohio
Enid, Okla
Erie, Pa
Evanston, 111
Evansvllle, Ind
Everett, Mass
Everett, Wash
Fall River, Mas3
Fargo, N. Dak_-
fitchburg. Mass
lint, Mich
Fond du Lac, Wis
Fort Smith, Ark.
Fort Wayne, Ind
Fort Worth, Tex
Fresno, Calif
Gadsden, Ala
Galesburg, III
Gary, Ind
Olendale, Calif
Grand Rapids, Mich
Great Falls, ^lont.
Green Bay, Wis
Greensboro, N. O
Greenville, S. O.
Hackeasack, N. J
Hagerstown, Md
Hamilton, Ohio
Hammond, Ind
Hamtramck, Mich
Harrisburg, Pa
Hartford, Conn
Haverhill, Mass..
Highland Park, Mich...
High Point, N. C
BoDoken, N. J
Houston, Tex
Huntington, W. Va
Huntington Park, Calif.
Hutchinson, Kans
Indianapolis, Ind
Inglewood, Calif
Irvington, N. J
"ackson, Mich
ackson. Miss
acksonvi''e, Fla
Jamestown, N. Y
ohnstown. Pa
Jollet, 111....
Joplin, Mo
^alamaz.oo, Mich
Kansas City, Kans
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
105
2
7
27
6
28
4
66
12
1
'20"
1
1
1
11
1
2
4
2
4
8
2
26
1
6
2
9
4
10
1
1
2
1
1
4
1
1
S
2
70
10
2
38
1
8
31
1
1
3
1
1
8
Rape
21
1
b
2
2
a
1
21
3
417
1
21
2
4
11
1
7
13
4
12
8
12
40
1
16
2
4
h
4
18
2
1
6
7
1
2.5
12
4
1
21
2
3
3
3
4
3
1
2
2
10
Rob-
bery
2
214
31
30
12
111
26
41
178
110
1,204
5
36
18
12
4
8
2
92
3
4
3£
4
11
fil
6
6
36
81
49
16
9
19
17
2
95
2
21
46
73
78
18
19
101
12
26
11
1
28
10
7
6
33
29
146
46
0
10
44
11
10
271
66
16
13
401
3
11
8
15
177
9
20
77
30
187
Aggra-
vated
assault
1
320
3
115
146
8
14
65
20
942
3
42
1
3
3
147
1
1
20
6
1
84
2
29
26
30
10
1
2
2
169
1
11
13
88
15
6
1
137
20
0
91
8
32
2
4
19
13
45
42
1
6
186
7
251
131
2
4
287
4
2
12
45
181
1
18
5
5
60
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or
entering
60
1, 780
104
141
227
608
165
234
1,050
666
3, 152
303
6S
156
61
242
98
107
23
65
353
1(18
Ml
417
45
86
433
207
233
185
139
870
141
87
671
62
81
351
1,160
423
41
86
251
345
547
61
98
177
59
62
26
82
181
252
270
70:',
212
401
119
122
1,655
408
241
50
1, 7'.)3
101
283
174
270
1 , 28'J
7U
70
^0
204
218
751
Larceny-
theft
Over
$50
20
233
4
36
24
68
37
65
318
68
796
17
125
18
9
18
36
6
75
6
21
79
21
20
45
16
14
68
61
42
31
10
81
60
8
184
10
13
76
85
104
60
10
33
35
09
49
8
77
16
6
16
80
83
86
194
32
91
30
48
340
408
37
4
672
20
60
18
(')
605
12
15
14
(')
63
(')
Under
$50
254
7,449
339
420
577
2,412
424
323
1,272
1.645
17, 132
2,58
769
119
226
82
131
152
192
44
151
433
863
243
955
110
282
324
371
1,012
265
448
296
223
189
1,887
90
140
1,186
2,825
879
104
146
340
732
1,4(H3
606
233
129
404
105
206
351
319
525
505
1, 304
124
330
212
49
3, 075
700
168
608
3, 794
157
210
653
678
2, 721
130
115
141
650
1,033
916
Auto
theft
66
1,156
78
80
80
651
145
100
040
657
3,347
47
149
91
39
8
60
21
294
25
34
153
22
67
183
30
17
299
43
370
43
88
170
69
69
474
68
68
320
300
354
75
78
203
243
274
81
133
179
103
46
61
108
105
176
216
327
108
132
64
66
1,142
224
124
84
1,447
81
70
118
119
882
49
147
73
186
206
236
For footnotes see end of table.
142
Table 80.— Number of offenses knoum to the police, January to December, inclusive,
1936, cities over 25,000 in popuiaizon— Continued
City
Pa.
Kansas City, Mo
Kearny, N. J---
Kenosha, Wis
Kingston, N. Y
Knoxville, Tenn
Kokomo, Ind
Lackawanna, N. Y--
La Crosse, Wis
La Fayette, Ind
Lakewood, Ohio
Lancaster, Pa
Lansing, Mich
Lawrence, Mass
Lexington, Ky
Lima, Ohio.
Lincoln, Nebr
Little Rock, Ark
Long Beach, Calif-. -
Lorain, Ohio
Los Angeles, Calif...
Louisville, Ky
Lowell, Mass
Lower Merion Twp.,
Lynchburg, Va
Lynn, Mass. —
Macon, Ga_
Madison, Wis
Manchester, N. H.
Mansfield, Ohio..
Marion, Ohio —
Massillon, Ohio
Maywood, IIL. --
McKeesport, Pa..
Medford, Mass.
Memphis, Tenn
Meriden, Conn.
Meridian, Miss..
Miami, Fla
Michigan City, Ind
Mlddletown, Conn
Middletown, Ohio...
Milwaukee, Wis
Minneapolis, Minn
Mishawaka, Ind
Mobile, Ala
Moline, 111 -•
Monroe, La
Mount Vernon, N. Y
Muskegon, Mich
Muskogee, Okla.
Nashua, N. H.
Nashville, Tenn..
New Albany, Ind
Newark , N. J
Newark, Ohio
New Bedford, Mass.
New Britain, Conn.
New Brunswick, N. J
Newburgh, N. Y
New Castle, Pa..
New Haven, Conn
New London, Conn
New Orleans, La
Newport, Ky
Newport, R. I ---
Newport News, Va
New Rochelle, N. Y
Newton, Mass
New York City, N. Y
Niagara Falls, N. Y
Norfolk, Va
North Bergen Twp., N. J.
Norristown, Pa..
Norwood, Ohio
Oakland, Calif
Oak Park, 111 ■
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man
slaugh-
ter
56
Rape
1
31
2
1
1
10
3
70
34
2
23
56
2
23
11
23
1
4
3
53
2
31
1
2
1
89
8
1
9
5
364
1
25
1
14
1
3
1
1
5
10
2
3
2
2
5
3
3
1
Rob-
bery
4
17
1
317
21
1
2
1
9
6
7
7
7
5
5
1
7
1
16
4
6
3
2
38
13
6
2
13
5
21
2
771
2
0
3
4
28
2
Aggra-
vated
assault
434
6
2
1
60
14
9
16
2
21
1
23
3
62
10
17
73
84
18
962
320
8
■ 7
9
23
55
24
3
11
8
29
12
52
6
506
9
22
257
30
18
30
268
2
49
16
21
6
6
53
2
247
13
184
4
23
2
5
69
1
33
1
1
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or
entering
7
11
229
6
13
124
49
16
385
425
o
40
12
93
4
4
2
2
13
4
95
707
5
,058
19
21
28
65
81
167
5
2
1
1
23
449
16
495
5
8
32
IS
12
12
15
4
6
41
6
27
15
4
1
160
505
61
58
7
1
33
80
6
56
2
1,240
2,561
15
48
139
244
1
10
i
12
e
6
221
139
47
3
Larceny-
theft
Over
$50
1,209
51
54
33
493
107
35
51
47
242
109
101
127
389
202
116
471
967
141
7,089
2,308
265
89
69
423
323
152
111
116
103
79
60
80
228
1,211
132
260
1,391
76
35
132
524
1,721
78
165
77
106
C9
134
256
117
549
51
993
69
372
199
135
41
96
837
60
815
178
68
215
75
134
2,536
271
885
92
64
74
1,405
237
Under
$50
1,036
15
13
6
148
14
13
8
7
25
34
74
70
88
32
41
(')
245
41
2,590
575
39
26
13
78
38
93
26
47
22
30
2
70
20
116
18
56
227
26
8
26
230
306
19
49
22
12
18
24
21
8
(')
9
389
14
76
24
19
13
6
147
13
316
44
13
41
39
8
53
11
18
16
217
46
Auto
theft
1,485
32
140
4
542
319
93
219
152
130
280
366
119
1,160
402
361
1,166
1,578
320
9,156
3,120
354
22
398
815
700
406
241
346
319
52
116
297
786
153
260
1,096
72
32
454
3,341
940
136
214
229
358
61
321
493
140
1,492
221
3,140
303
803
488
170
106
185
1,137
156
850
196
121
121
80
227
7,172
362
1,929
84
46
144
3,263
an
1,612
33
31
18
457
130
27
71
32
60
57
151
233
142
122
237
103
621
63
7,201
971
169
39
162
184
172
128
30
80
82
60
8
124
37
356
36
24
572
40
20
85
532
2,162
43
157
56
43
36
108
67
15
765
67
1,356
70
169
138
174
28
117
663
50
754
85
18
100
78
60
7,701
173
361
41
HI
24
1,053
77
For footnotes see end of table.
143
Table 80. — Xuviber of offenses known to the police, January to December, inclusive,
1036', cities over 25,000 in population — Continued
City
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or
entering
Larceny-
theft
Auto
Over
$.50
Under
$50
theft
Ogden. Utah
21
12
2
4
4
0
1
1
1
2
4
1
2
16
20
7
20
I'.l.T
103
14
6
5
12
10
10
27
27
50
8
30
7
617
82
1,122
6
8
44
17
7
22
397
20
47
1
16
39
29
12
6
26
23
16
179
4
37
25
30
1
16
204
27
60
440
231
16
3
13
98
1
341
17
48
369
17
1
15
27
11
17
21
«02
4
2
48
114
11
14
42
93
102
13
8
141
40
58
45
1
17
1
14
10
49
92
43'
73
849
35
156
2
7
15
46
5
9
50
21
176
10
36
7
11
4
7
32
6
'""768'
6
68
54
9
2
1
138
21
33
372
67
23
15
1
36
15
295
16
32
242
14
7
26
10
22
18
53
91
6
""m
21
1
4
n
69
6
31
263
778
188
86
155
52
108
109
77
285
225
517
84
368
132
2, 367
391
1,454
93
85
176
75
56
339
2, 251
178
255
54
442
175
129
87
110
235
227
119
1.498
149
92
609
115
32
45
824
167
535
1,797
1,,306
281
106
96
940
63
1, 496
171
209
1,377
223
119
176
208
239
295
336
3. 089
27
80
374
409
63
176
278
643
359
420
66
167
36
17
24
12
21
9
61
30
48
66
114
26
43
813
159
673
17
48
76
18
4
(')
666
70
65
27
79
62
3
39
23
114
19
16
441
9
88
143
17
9
8
145
66
113
(')
267
67
32
19
109
18
707
8
126
(')
28
7
41
66
214
116
61
476
8
17
86
36
60
42
76
235
8
137
683
3.051
441
100
151
181
142
165
137
960
188
222
662
156
682
2,144
862
1,101
192
86
358
226
827
340
3,876
636
768
268
891
368
67
134
820
497
292
1,58
4,084
2.51
682
1,829
254
206
41
1, 986
1,001
941
10.548
1,815
769
183
162
1,369
201
2,607
370
704
6.901
892
238
626
283
1,820
205
376
2,927
60
2,54
1,187
280
80
259
330
1,847
874
1,268
243
Oklahoma City, Okla
Omalia, Nebr
223
607
Orance. N. J
39
Orlando, B'la
68
Oshkosh, Wis
28
0 tt um \va, Iowa
1
7
1
2
6
6
35
Paducah, Kv
129
Parkersburg, W. Va
61
Pasadena, Calif
212
Passaic, N. J -.
218
Paterson, N. J
293
Pawtiicket, R. L
100
Peoria. Ill -
6
9
112
14
42
7
10
148
14
71
3
5
2'
6
1
8
2
13
7
2
2
7
1
13
8
33'
3
4
11
1
2
301
Petersburg, Va .
19
Philadelphia, Pa ..-
2,409
Phoenix, Ariz
725
Pittsburgh, Pa
2,284
Pittsfleld, Mass
55
Plainfleld, N. J
2
3
7
1
1
6
47
Pontiac, Mich
278
Port Arthur, Tex ..
86
Port Huron, Mich
64
Portland, Maine
261
Portland, Greg
856
Portsmouth, Ohio ..
110
Portsmouth. Va -.
6
3
2
4
67
Poughkeepsle, N. Y
84
Providence, R. I
258
Pueblo, Colo
123
Qulncy, 111
66
Quincy, Mass
85
Racine, Wis
77
Reading. Pa
8
161
Revere, Mass .
81
Richmond, Ind
2
29
54
Richmond, Va
686
Riverside, Calif
60
Roanoke, Va
15
6
153
Rochester, N. Y..
470
Rock Island, 111
109
Rome, N. Y
1
60
Royal Oak, Mich
35
Sacramento, Calif
8
4
2
72
2
4
8
6
2
65
25
1
1
1
10
20"
, 2
14
21
8
1
2
7
1
8"
4
1
643
Baglnaw, Mich
173
Bt. Joseph, Mo
194
St. Louis, Mo
1,431
St. Paul, Minn
669
St. Petersburg, Fla
93
Salem, Mass
126
Salem, Oreg
1
6
4
34
80
Salt Lake City, Utah
873
San Angelo, Tex
82
San Antonio, Tex
1,120
Ban Bernardino, Calif
90
San Diego, Calif ...
9
22
674
Ban Francisco, Calif
3,561
San Jose, Calif
263
Santa Ana, Calif
66
Banta Barbara, Calif
149
Santa Monica, Calif
2
13
1
194
Savannah, Qa
73
Schenectady, N. Y
143
Scranton, Pa
230
Seattle, Wash..
12
1
1
16
1,780
Sharon, Pa
82
Bhebovgan, Wis
47
Shreveport, La
189
SloiLt CItv, Iowa ...
241
Bioux Falls, S. Dak
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
193
Somerville, Mass
162
South Bend, Ind .. ..
212
Spokane. Wash
362
Springfield, 111
280
Fprlngfleld, Mass
6
278
For footnotes see end of table.
144
Table 80. — Number of offenses known to the police, January to December, inclusive,
1936, cities over 25,000 in population- — Continued
City
Bprlngfleld, Mo
Springfield, Ohio...
Stamford, Conn .„
Steubenville, Ohio
Superior, Wis._
Syracuse, N. Y
Tacoma, Wash
Tampa, Fla
Terre Haute, Ind
Toledo, Ohio...
Topeka, Kans.
Trenton, N. J..
Tucson, Ariz.
Tulsa, Okla
Union City, N. J..
University City, Mo
Upper Darby Township, Pa..
Utica, N. Y.
Waco, Tex
Waltham, Mass
Warren, Ohio
Washington, D. 0
Washington, Pa
Waterbury, Conn
Waterloo, Iowa
Watertown, Mass
Watertown, N. Y
Waukegan, 111-
West Allis, Wis
West Hartford, Conn.
West Haven, Conn.
West Orange, N. J
West Palm Beach, Fla
Wheeling, W. Va
White Plains, N. Y
Wichita, Kans
Wichita Falls, Tex
Wilkes-Barre, Pa
Wr.kinsburg, Pa
Wilmington, Del
Wilmington, N. O
Winston-Salem, N. C ...
Woodbridge Township, N. J.
Woonsocket, R. I
Worcester, Mass
Wyandotte. Mich
Yonkers, N. Y
York, Pa
Youngstown, Ohio
Zanesville, Ohio.
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
2
8
16
1
10
2
2
5
13
63
2
11
11
2
Rape
80
1
8
32
3
10
6
14
1
10
9
7
1
3
69
10
1
8
"io'
1
8
4
3
6
1
1
3
21
4
8
1
10
Rob-
bery
34
27
10
19
14
31
40
a2
65
289
46
50
42
156
2
11
4
9
17
14
14
861
6
7
12
2
10
4
2
3
2
3
22
2
25
13
32
9
18
35
40
6
1
15
7
6
4
230
4
Aggra-
vated
Bur-
glary-
breaking
Larceny-
theft
assault
or
entering
Over
$50
Under
$50
5
177
49
821
29
271
(1)
633
2
78
51
175
1
112
15
217
108
14
212
25
430
117
930
2
502
48
700
78
378
137
556
12
116
30
454
126
1,174
186
2,800
7
357
49
740
113
460
107
625
21
122
66
189
71
921
316
2,020
2
16
62
3
84
41
188
42
60
18
37
6
183
58
507
136
260
64
711
2
125
24
259
11
87
18
145
624
2,637
1,196
6,172
8
00
14
101
3
208
60
224
4
99
3
423
3
78
11
101
2
111
33
471
27
70
61
179
6
48
18
389
31
12
24
45
8
5
1
46
19
00
223
161
075
6
163
52
82
10
36
39
104
10
461
70
1,879
52
189
36
1,033
23
103
45
185
14
104
10
70
46
251
141
565
299
132
89
202
(2)
519
84
908
11
107
6
118
2
129
9
172
22
628
221
246
1
48
87
34
141
14
234
3
35
16
27
121
621
63
1,144
6
52
19
170
Auto
theft
101
103
80
64
39
504
254
120
92
1,074
233
376
145
230
121
26
93
131
90
83
72
2,768
54
280
68
31
38
70
33
18
1
13
63
66
38
123
89
154
50
256
128
225
23
31
532
11
220
103
718
56
1 Larcenies not separately reported. Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
• Not reported.
Offenses Known to Sheriffs, State Police, and Other Rural Officers, 1936.
In compiling national crime data, the Federal Bureau of Investiga-
tion distinguishes between urban and rural crimes. The figures pre-
sented in the preceding tables are based on reports from a large major-
ity of the agencies policing urban areas (places with 2,500 or more
inhabitants). Comprehensive data regarding rural crimes are not yet
available, but the information on hand is shown in table 81. which ia
based on reports from 400 sheriffSjSO police agencies in rural villages,
and 6 State police organizations. For comparative purposes, there are
presented below percentage distributions of rural and urban crimes
(the urban data are based on figures shown in table 74):
145
Offense
Percent
Offense
Percent
Urban
Rural
Urban
Rural
Total
100.0
100.0
Robbery
4.1
3.4
.6
.6
.4
4 2
4.8
2.1
Larceny
52.6
22.8
15.7
4fi. 7
29.6
10.3
Rape.
Burglary
Murder
1 1
Auto theft
Manslaughter
I a
The above comparison discloses that whereas only 4.9 percent of the
urban crimes are ofl'enscs against the person (murder, negligent man-
slaughter, rape, and aggravated assault), 9.2 percent of the rural
crimes reported fall within those classes. This may be due to the fact
that some of the reports representing rural crimes indicate the possi-
bility that they were limited to instances in which arrests were made.
Incompleteness of this sort in the reports of rural crimes will tend to
increase the percentage of rural crimes against the person because such
ofi'enses are much more generally followed by arrests than are the less
serious offenses against property.
Table 81. — Offenses known, January to December 19S6,
400 sheriffs, 6 State police organizations, and SO
inclusive, as reported by
village officers
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny-
theft
Murder,
normeg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
Offenses known
667
630
1,099
2,135
2,454
15, 189
23,897
6,294
Offenses Known in the Possessions of the United States.
In table 82 there are shown available data concerning the number
of offenses known to law-enforcement agencies in the possessions of
the United States. The tabulation includes reports from Hawaii
County, Honolulu (city and county), Territory of Hawaii; the Canal
Zone; and Puerto Rico. The figures are based on both urban and
rural areas and the population figures from the 1930 decennial census
are indicated in the table.
With reference to the figures presented for the Canal Zone, it should
be noted that the Fedenu Bureau of Investigation has been advised
that less than one-third of the persons arrested for offenses committed
in the Canal Zone are residents thereof. It appears, therefore, that a
large proportion of the crime committed in the Canal Zone is attrib-
utable to transients and other nonresidents.
146
Table 82. — Number of offenses hnown in United States possessions,
January to December 1936.
[Population figures from Federal Census, Apr. 1, 1930]
Criminal
homicie
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Larceny —
theft
Jurisdicbion reporting
Murder,
non-
negligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Over
$50
Under
$50
Auto
theft
Hawaii:
Hawaii County, popula-
tion, 73,325; number of
offenses known
B
4
3
831
27
3
121
8
13
4
82
14
8
48
T
46
Ifi
1,940
22
982
81
750
3
124
12
112
143
1,686
240
3,565
10
Honolulu, city and county,
population, 202,923; num-
ber of offenses known
Isthmus of Panama:
Canal Zone, population,
39,367; number of offenses
known.
272
81
Puerto Rico:
Population, 1,543,913; num-
ber of offenses known
84
Data from Supplementary Offense Reports.
In tables 83-86 there is presented the more detailed information
concerning major offenses included in the reports received from the
police departments of 41 cities with an aggregate population of
14,467,797. The period covered is the calendar year 1936.
Table 83 reveals that more than one-half of the rapes reported were
forcible in nature. Of the 11,222 robberies reported, 7,105 (63.3
percent) were committed on city highways, and 3,526 (31.4 percent)
were rooberies of commercial establishments.
The 41 police departments represented in the tabulation reported
46,864 burglaries, one-half of which were committed in dwelling
houses. With reference to the time of day the burglaries were per-
petrated, it is shown that 77 percent were committed during the night,
and 23 percent during the daytime. With reference to residences,
however, the proportion of daytime burglaries was larger, amounting
to 37 percent.
The figures for larceny disclose that 12.7 percent were cases in
which the property stolen exceeded $50 in value. In 61.9 percent of
the cases the value of the property stolen was from $5 to $50^ and was
less than $5 in the remaining 25.4 percent of the larcenies. The
tabulation also reflects that 1.6 percent of the thefts were cases of
pocket-pielving and that 3 percent were instances of purse-snatching.
147
Table S3. — Number of known offenses with divisions as to the nature of the criminal
act, time and place of commission, and value of property stolen, January to Decem-
ber, inclusive, 19S6; 41 cities over 100,000
(Total population, 14,467,797, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Clawlflcatlon
Number
of actual
offenses
Classification
Number
of actiial
offenses
Rape:
Forcible
582
453
Larceny— theft (except auto theft)
(grouped according to value of article
stolen):
Over $50
Statutory ..
l** 009
Total
1,035
$5 to $50 . .
59,013
24, 254
Under $5
Robbery:
Highway
7, 105
2,641
699
181
246
5
345
Total
05, 336
Larceny— theft (grouped as to type of
offense) :
Pocket-plcking
Oil station
Chain store
Residence
1,602
Bank
Purse-snatching . .
2 873
Miscellaneous
All other..
00, 961
Total
Total
11,222
95, 336
Burglary— breaking or entering:
Residence (dwelling):
Committed during night
Committed during day
15,006
8,693
21, 105
2,056
All other (store, office, etc.):
Committed during night
Committed during day
Total
46.864
The figures presented in table 84 show that the police departments
of the 41 cities represented reported 26,226 automobiles stolen during
the year, of which 24,755 were recovered. The percentage of recov-
eries of stolen automobiles amounts to 94.4.
Table 84. — Recoveries of stolen automobiles, January to December, inclusive, 19S6;
41 cities over 100,000
(Total population, 14,467,797, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Number of automobiles stolen 26, 226
Number of automobiles recovered 24, 755
Percentage recovered 94. 4
The value of property stolen and the value of property recovered are
shown in table 85, as reported by 41 poKce departments. The total
value of property stolen was $15,672,857.86. Property recovered was
valued at $9,864,398.50 (62.9 percent). Automobiles constitute a
large portion of the property represented in table 85. Exclusive of
automobiles, the value of property stolen was $7,018,791.71, and the
value of recoveries was $1,701,609.75 (24.2 percent).
Table 85. — Value of property stolen and value of property recovered with divisions
as to type of property involved, January to December, inclusive, 19S6; 41 cities over
100,000
(Total population, 14,467,797, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Type of property
Currency, notes, etc
Jewelry and precious metals
Furs
Clothing
Locally stolen automobiles..
Mlscelkueoua
Total
Value of prop-
erty stolen
$1, 794, 436. 35
1, 946, 008. 81
270, 234. 43
954, 970. 99
8. 6.54, 006. 16
2, 043, 175. 13
15, 672, 857. 86
Value of prop-
erty recovered
$276, 433, 70
403, 003. 53
32, 921. 43
251,191.67
8, 1G2, 788. 75
738, 059. 42
9, 864, 398. 50
Percent
recovered
19.4
20.7
11.8
26.3
94.3
86.1
62.9
148
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149
Tlio value of property stolen in connection with offenses of robbery,
burglary, larceny, and auto theft is shown for individual types of
crimes in table SG. It should be noted that this compilation is based
on the reports of 40 police departments, whereas, tables 83-85 were
based on reports from 41 departments.
The average value of property stolen per offense is lowest for larceny
and highest for auto theft. In connection with this tabulation, it
should be noted that the figures representing the number of actual
offenses include attem])ted crimes in which no thefts occurred and for
which no property values are shown. This naturally has the effect
of reducing the average property loss per offense.
Value of property stolen, by type of crime, January to December, inclu-
sive, 1936; 40 cities over 100,000
Table 86
[Total population, 14,189,897, as estimated July I, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Classification
Number
of actual
offenses
Value of
property stolen
Average
value per
offense
Eobbery
Burglary
Larceny-theft.
Auto theft
Total...
10,991
45, 660
93,253
25,657
$1, 535, 132. 89
2, 838, 120. 89
2, 931, 18). 38
8,021,016.65
175. 461
15, 325, 451. 81
$139. 67
62.29
31. 13
312. 62
87.34
AVERAGE VALUE OF PROPERTY
STOLEN PER OFFENSE
(automobiles not included)
JANUARY TO DECEMBER, INCLUSIVE, 1936
BASED ON REPORTS OF 40 CITIES - POPULATION, 14,139,897
OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY
VALUE OF PROPERTY STOLEN PER OFFENSE
60 79 100 123
175
Figure 20.
150
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT RECORDS
During 1936 the FBI examined 461,589 arrest records as evidenced
by fingerprint cards, in order to obtain data concerning the age, sex,
race, and previous criminal history of the persons represented. The
number of fingerprint records examined was considerably larger than for
prior years, which were as follows: 1935 — 392,251; 1934 — 343,582.
The compilation has been limited to instances of arrests for violations
of State laws and municipal ordinances. In other words, fingerprint
cards representing arrests for violations of Federal laws or represent-
ing commitments to any type of penal institution have been excluded
from this tabulation.
The increase in the number of arrest records examined should not
be construed as reflecting an increase in the amount of crime, nor
necessarily as an increase in the number of persons arrested, since it
quite probably is at least partially the result of an increase in the
number of local agencies contributing fingerprint records to the
Identification Division of the FBI. The tabulation of data from
fingerprint cards obviously does not include all persons arrested, since
there are individuals taken into custody for whom no fingerprint cards
are forwarded to Washington. Furthermore, data pertaining to
persons arrested should not be treated as information regarding the
number of offenses committed, since two or more persons may be
involved in the joint commission of a single offense, and on the other
hand one person may be arrested and charged with the commission of
several separate offenses.
Despite the increase in the number of arrest records examined
during 1936, there was a decrease in the number of records reflecting
arrests for murder, robbery, and burglary, as compared with 1935.
Arrests for murder, robbery, assault, burglary, larceny, and auto
theft constituted 31.1 percent of the arrest records examined during
1936, whereas, arrests for those types of offenses numbered 36.6 per-
cent of all arrests during 1935. Notwithstanding the decrease
referred to above, there were numerous arrests for major violations
during 1936, as reflected by the following figures:
Criminal homicide 6, 767
Robbery 13, 215
Assault 27, 934
Burglary 29, 686
Larceny (except auto theft) 64,733
Auto theft 11, 398
Embezzlement and fraud 14, 410
Stolen property (receiving, etc.) 3, 233
Forgery and counterfeiting 6, 451
Rape 6, 132
Narcotic drug laws 3, 896
Weapons (carrying, etc.) 6, 019
Driving while mtoxicated 19, 028
Gambling 6, 874
Arson 821
Total 208, 597
Of the total of 461,589 arrest records examined, 33,670 (7.3 percent)
represented females. The proportion of females arrested during
1936 shows a slight increase over the figures for prior years. For
1935 and 1934 the percentage was 6.9 each year.
151
Women were found to be most frequently arrested for larceny,
4,0G4 (13.9 percent) of the total of 33,670 being charged with that type
of violation. Other offenses frequently charged against females were
as follows:
Prostitution and commercialized vice 3, 421
Drunkenness 3, 805
Vagrancy. __ 2, 774
Assault 2, 426
Disorderly conduct 2, 354
Violation of liquor laws 1, 278
In addition, 679 women were charged with criminal homicide and 637
with robbery.
Table 87. — Distribution of Arrests by Sex, Jan. 1-Dec. SI, 19S6
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Arson
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice
other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc...
OfTenses against family and children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws.
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total
Number
Total
6,767
13.218
27, 934
29, 686
54,733
11,398
14,410
3,233
6, 451
821
5,132
4,873
6,713
8,896
6,019
6.686
9,537
19, 028
3,284
11
5,849
19, 098
72, 729
37, 057
6,874
53,029
5. 599
28, 927
461, 589
Male
6,088
12, 578
25, 508
29, 126
50, 069
11,189
13, 737
2,952
6,046
747
5,132
1,452
5,644
3,182
5,806
5,527
8,259
18, 555
3,239
11
5,736
16,744
68,924
34, 283
5,445
49, 298
5,225
27,417
427,919
Female
679
637
,426
560
,664
209
673
281
405
74
3,421
1,069
714
213
159
1,278
473
46
113
2,354
3,805
2,774
429
4,331
374
1,610
33, 670
Percent
Total Male Female
1.6
2.9
6.1
6.4
11.9
2.6
3.1
.7
1.4
.2
1.1
1.1
1.5
.8
1.3
1.2
2.1
4.1
.7
(■?
1.3
4.1
15.7
8.0
1.3
11.6
1.2
6.2
100.0
100.0
1.4
2.0
2.9
1.0
6.0
7.3
6.8
1.7
11.8
13. J
2.6
3.2
2.0
.7
.8
1.4
.2
'J
1.2
.0
.3
10.3
1.3
3.3
.7
2.1
1.4
.6
1.3
.5
1.9
3.8
4.3
1.4
:8
.1
(•)
.0
1.3
.8
3.9
7.0
16.2
11.3
8.0
8.3
1.3
1.3
11.6
12.0
1.2
1.1
6.4
4.8
100.0
I Less than Ho of 1 percent.
152
The table showing the ages of persons arrested indicates that there
were more arrests for age 22 than for any other single age group.
This is contrary to the figures for 1932-35, during which period
persons 19 years old outnumbered those of other ages. It is of interest
to note, however, that the shift in the frequency of arrests to ages
21-22 was first e^ddenced in the figures for the last half of 1935.
During 1936 the age groups in which arrests occurred most frequently
were as follows:
Age:
Number
arrested
22 20, 519
21 20, 395
19 19, 250
23 19, 245
The compilation disclosed that 80,358 (17.4 percent) of the persons
arrested were less than 21 years old; 78,394 (17.0 percent) were
between the ages of 21 and 24- making a total of 158,752 (34.4 percent)
less than 25 years old. In addition, there were 79,111 (17.1 percent)
persons arrested between the ages of 25 and 29. This makes a total
of 237,863 (51.5 percent) less than 30 years of age. (With reference
to the ages of persons represented by fingerprint cards received at
the FBI, it should be borne in mind that the number of arrest
records is doubtless incomplete in the lower age groups, because in
some jurisdictions the practice is not to fingerprint youthful indi-
viduals.)
1
NUMBER OF PERSONS ARRESTED
AGES 16 TO 24
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT CARDS
JANUARY I - DECEMBER 31, 1936
ifioo 4,000 epoo e,ooo io,ooo lapoo upoo ie,ooo lapoo zopoo 22poo
FlOUKE 21.
153
05
3
o
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00
00
n
Total
aU
ages
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374
223
1,757
644
2,238
108
1,112
t
p(«o to«c=*'nc<5i.-5co .cotooe?; — "Ti-to
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584
441
2,528
1,162
3, 510
219
1,667
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1,524
4,350
2,878
6,512
848
2,303
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322
790
1,134
1,228
2,198
473
542
CO^Oi r-«O^C(NCO'J'CD'*?<,-lwcO-n'C':«000
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1,113
1,529
2, 612
7-!5
513
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125
275
331
219
261
99
291
119
207
521
251
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971
1, 559
2,061
1S8
2,677
241
1,598
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0
Assault
Burglary- breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Autotheft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving,
posse^ng
Forgery and coonterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized
vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessins, etc. _ .
Offenses against family and children .
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicJe laws..
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Van"ancy
Gambling..
Suspicion
Not staled
All other offenses
0
154
Youths were most frequently charged with offenses of robbery,
burglary, larceny, and auto theft. For all crimes 158,752 persons
under 25 were arrested, thus constituting 34.4 percent of the total
of 461,589 arrest records examined. However, youths under 25
numbered 53.2 percent of those charged with robbery, 58.7 percent
of those charged with burglary, 45.4 percent of those charged with
larceny, and 70.8 percent of those charged with auto theft.
Table 89. — Number and percentage of arrests of persons under 25 years of age,
male and female, Jan. 1-Dec. SI, 1936
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Bobbery..
Assault..
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud..
Stolen property; buying, receiving, pos-
sessing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
prostitution and commercialized vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children
"Liiquor laws
'driving while Intoxicated
load and driving laws
Parking violations
^ther traffic and motor vehicle laws
pisorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated „
All other offenses
Total
Total
number of
persons
arrested
6,767
13,215
27, 934
29, 686
64, 733
n, 398
14, 410
8,233
6,451
6,132
4.873
6,713
3,898
6,019
6,686
9,637
19,028
8,284
11
6,849
19, 098
72,729
37, 057
6,874
63, 629
6,599
29,748
461,589
Number
under 21
years of
age
743
3,538
3,012
11, 699
14, 932
6,472
1,060
500
936
1,239
426
927
227
983
223
699
796
670
1
1,028
2,760
3,188
6,087
478
10, 731
864
7,339
80,358
Total
number
under 25
years of
age
1,927
7,034
7,503
17, 423
24, 845
8,071
8,128
1,006
2,002
2,400
1,672
2,012
747
2,091
964
1,936
8,162
1,432
8
2,342
6,286
10,294
13, 491
1,260
20,981
1,845
12, 895
158, 752
Percentage
under 21
years of
age
11.0
26.8
10.8
39.1
27.3
48.0
7.4
15.5
14,6
24.1
8.7
13.8
6.8
16.3
8.9
7.3
4.2
17.4
9.1
17.6
14.6
4.4
16.4
8.1
20.0
15.4
24.7
17.4
Total
percentage
under 25
years of
age
28.5
63.2
26.9
58.7
45.4
70.8
21.7
31.1
81.0
46.8
84.3
80.0
19.2
34.7
17.0
20.3
16.8
43.6
27.3
40.0
82.9
14.2
36.4
21.6
89.1
33.0
43.3
84.4
155
The ago distribution of males urrestod was sul)stantially the same
as that for all persons roprcsontod in the compilation. This is due
to the fact that men were represented by more than 92 percent of the
arrest records examined. For fcnuiles, the lar^^est number of arrests
occurred at ag:e 22. In tliis respect the age distribution of females
arrested was the same as that for all persons involved. However,
the proportion of females arrested between the ages of 21 and 20 was
45.2 percent, wlicrcas, for all persons represented in the tabulation,
onl}- 34.1 percent were within those ago groups. Similarly, of all
persons represented in the tabulation, 51.5 percent were less than 30
years of age, but 62.2 percent of the females arrested were less than
30 venrs old.
156
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158
During 1936, 39.7 percent (183,140) of the persons arrested already
had fingerprint cards on file in the Identification Division of the
FBI. In addition, there were 9,996 records bearing notations indi-
cating previous criminal histories of the persons concerned, although
the fingerprints had not previously been filed in the Bureau. TMs
makes a total of 193,136 records containing information regarding
the prior criminal activities of the persons arrested. The records dis-
closed that 139,707 (72.3 percent) had previously been convicted of
one or more offenses. This number constitutes 30.3 percent of the
461,589 arrest records examined.
Many of the persons had been previously convicted of major viola-
tions, as indicated by the following figures:
Criminal homicide 1, 351
Robbery 6, 054
Assault 7, 615
Burglary 17, 332
Larceny (and related offenses) 35, 705
Forgery and counterfeiting 4, 454
Rape 918
Narcotic drug laws 3, 034
Weapons (carrying, etc.) 1, 860
Drivmg while intoxicated 2, 681
Total 81,004
The records of 39 of the persons charged with criminal homicide
during 1936 disclosed that they had been previously convicted of
homicide. In general, the tabulation indicates a tendency for recidi-
vists to repeat the same type of crime.
As heretofore indicated, the records show that 139,707 of the per-
sons arrested had been previously convicted. The records of those
persons disclosed 403,001 prior convictions, an average of almost
three per individual; 178,286 of the convictions were for major viola-
tions, and 224,715 were for less serious infractions of the cruninal
laws.
Of the 33,670 females arrested, only 28.4 percent had previous
fingerprint cards on file, as compared mth 39.7 percent for all persons
represented in the tabulation. Similarly, females represented only
4.6 percent of the 139,707 previous convictions found in the records.
Since women represented 7.3 percent of the total persons whose arrest
records were examined during the year, the percentage of women
among those whose records showed previous convictions is com-
paratively low.
159
Table 92. — Number wilh Previous Fingerprint Records — Arrests, Jan. 1-Dec.
31, 1930
Oflense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery...
Assault .-
Burglury— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Autotheft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving,
possessing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized
vice --- --
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws.
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc.
Offenses against family and chil-
dren
Liquor laws... -
Driving while Intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traCflc and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness-
Vagrancy —
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total—
Total
Number
arrested
6,767
13, 215
27, 034
29, 086
64, 733
11, 398
14, 410
3,233
0, 4.51
6,132
4,873
6,713
8,896
6,019
6,686
9,537
19,028
3,284
11
6,849
19,098
72, 729
87, 057
5,874
53, 629
6,599
29, 748
461, 589
Number
with jirevi-
ous finger-
print rec-
ord
1,602
6,461
0, 398
12,341
21,633
4,455
6,386
986
3,102
1,321
1,060
1,800
2,511
1,980
1,673
8,106
4,715
866
3
1,813
7,038
80, 012
19, 351
1,643
22, 526
2,335
11,323
183, 140
Male
Number
arrested
fl.OSS
12, 578
25, 508
29,120
50, 059
11, 189
13, 737
2,952
6,046
5,132
1, 452
6,644
8,182
5,808
6,527
8, 259
18, 555
8, 239
11
5,730
16, 744
68,924
84,283
6,445
49, 298
6,225
28, 164
427, 919
Number
with previ-
ous finger-
priut rec-
ord
1, 518
6, 236
8, 927
12, 198
20, 399
4,407
6,173
932
3,017
1,321
574
1, 5.57
2,167
1,937
1, 653
2,847
4,C14
860
3
1,788
6,424
29, o8l>
18, 335
1,492
21,371
2, 247
11, 002
173, 581
Female
Number
arrested
679
637
2, 426
6(10
4, 664
209
673
281
405
0
3,421
1, 069
714
213
1,59
1,278
473
45
0
113
2,354
3, 805
2,774
429
4,331
374
1,584
33, 670
Number
with previ-
ous finger-
print rec-
ord
84
225
471
143
1, 234
48
213
64
85
1,886
243
344
43
23
259
101
6
25
614
1,330
1,016
51
1,155
88
321
9,562
Table 93. — Percentage with previous fingerprint records, arrests, male and female,
Jan. 1-Dec. SI, 1936
Offense
Narcotic drug laws
Vagrancy
Robbery
Forgery and coimterfeiting
Embezzlement and fraud
Drunkenness...
Suspicion
Burglary— breaking or entering
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Larceny- theft.
Auto theft
All other offenses
Disorderly conduct
Assault
Percent
64.6
63.2
48.9
48.1
44.3
42.6
42.0
41.6
40.2
89.6
89.1
38.1
36.9
83.6
Offense
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Liquor laws
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Stolen property; buying, receiving, pos-
sessing
Offenses apinst family and children
Parking violations '
Other sex offenses
Road and driving laws...
Gambling
Rape.
Driving while intoxicated
Criminal homicide
Percent
32.9
32.6
31.0
30.5
29.4
27.3
26.8
2f>. 4
2(1 3
25. 7
24.8
23.7
• Only 11 fingerprint cards were received representing arrests for violation of parking regulations.
160
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166
Table 97. — Numher of cases in which fingerprint records show one or more prior
convictions, and the total of prior convictions disclosed by the records, male and
female, Jan. 1-Dec. SI, 1936
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery --
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Auto theft - -
Embezzlement and fraud -
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing.
Forgery and counterfeiting.
Rape.
Prostitution and commercialized vice-
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws..
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children..
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws.
Parlring violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws...
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness —
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total.
Number of
records
showing one
or more prior
convictions
1,123
4,838
6,968
6,758
16, 940
3,252
4,364
745
2,349
900
1,326
1,310
2,047
1,565
1,030
2,109
3,457
604
3
1,309
5,407
26, 343
14, 427
922
15, 979
1,745
8,827
Number of
prior con-
victions of
major
offenses
139, 707
1,287
7,471
8,394
16, 522
31,812
4,666
7,120
1,104
4,206
1,170
1,626
1,585
6,669
2,089
1,056
1,542
2,155
488
3
1,281
5,568
18, 308
16, 642
1,014
22,356
2,588
10, 564
Number of
prior con-
victions of
minor
offenses
178, 286
4,776
7,941
9,015
23, 657
2,601
4,167
842
1,761
787
1,396
1,538
2,309
1,531
900
2,565
4,298
626
3
1,434
10,164
77, 564
29, 262
788
20, 299
1,859
11,636
Total num-
ber of prior
convictions
disclosed
224, 715
2,283
12, 247
16, 335
25, 537
55, 469
7,267
11, 287
1,948
5,967
1,957
3,022
3,123
7,978
3,620
1,956
4,107
6,453
1,114
6
2,715
15, 732
95, 872
45,904
1,802
42, 655
4,447
22, 200
403, 001
Whites were represented by 333,922 of the records examined and
Negroes by 104,998. The remaining races w^ere represented as follows:
Indian, 2,592; Chinese, 1,057; Japanese, 243; Mexican, 16,465; all
others, 2,312.
The significance of the figures showing the number of Negroes
arrested as compared with the number of whites can best be indicated
in terms of the number of each in the general population of the
country. Exclusive of those under 15 years' of age, there were accord-
ing to the 1930 decennial census, 8,041,014 Negroes, 13,069,192
foreign-born whites, and 64,365,193 native w^hites in the United
States. Of each 100,000 Negroes, 1,306 were arrested and finger-
printed during 1936, whereas the corresponding figure for native
w^hites was 438, and for foreign-born wliites 199. Figures for individual
types of violations may be found in the following tabulations. It
should be observed in connection with the foregoing data that the
figure for native whites includes the immediate descendants of foreign-
born individuals. Persons desiring to make a thorough study of the
comparative amounts of crime committed by native whites and for-
eign-born whites should employ available compilations showing the
number of instances in which offenders are of foreign or mixed
parentage.
1G7
Table 98. — Dislribuiion of arrests according to race, male and female, Jan. 1-
Dec. 31, 1936
Race
Total
Offense charged
AVhIto
Xegro
Indi-
an
Chi-
nese
Jap-
anese
Mex-
ican
All
Others
all
races
Criminal homicide
3,972
9.073
1.5.167
21.328
37,415
9,408
12, 322
2, 298
6, 0S2
3. 704
8,490
6,443
2, 224
3. 252
4,717
5, 435
16, 362
2,320
6
4,132
13, 003
58. 070
27, 963
2,979
37, 572
4,274
23, 193
2,619
8,590
ll,3i;0
7. 391
15, 3.54
1,671
1,021
850
032
1, 031
1,270
1, 079
593
2, 440
792
3,938
1,337
755
6
1,411
6,023
8,525
7.272
2,672
14, 29S
1,114
6,549
37
49
158
100
248
47
64
12
43
46
23
20
7
9
20
32
161
18
12
5
32
14
17
9
6
12
3
4
698
21
1
6
1
2
6
2
16
5
8
o
**
8
1
6
4
1
4
8
4
"'"32'
3
177
307
915
716
1,494
279
840
49
61
204
68
127
2.H1
199
148
118
l.OSO
151
44
123
280
134
197
29
40
16
22
72
18
30
85
94
10
9
65
37
6,767
Eobbory
13.215
Assault .
27, 934
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
29,686
64, 733
Autotheft
11,398
Embezzlement and fraud..
Btolen property; buying, receiving, pos-
se<^sing ..
14,410
8,233
Forcerv and counterfeit inc
6,451
Rape
8,182
Prostitution and commercialized vice.
Other sex offenses ..
4.873
6,713
Narcotic drug laws
3,898
Weanons' carrvine. Dossesslne, etc
6,019
Oflonse.s against fam ly and children
Liquor laws ..
6,680
9,537
Dr ving whUe intoxicated .
19, 028
Rop.d and driving laws
8,i84
11
Other traflBc and motor veliicle laws
Disorderly conduct
22
131
763
193
2
238
84
112
2
11
12
82
108
31
9
8
77
9
14
3
244
823
6,143
1,345
43
1,230
1.53
700
29
99
139
243
66
257
24
104
6,849
19, 098
Drunkenness
72, 729
Vacrancv -
37,057
Gamblliiff - .--
6,874
SusDicion
53,629
Not stated ...
6,699
All other offenses
10
14
29, 748
Total -
333, 922
104, 998
2,592
1,057
243
16, 465
2,312
461, 589
Table 99. — Distribution of arrests according to race, male, Jan. 1-Dec. SI, 1936
Race
Total
OfTense charged
White
Negro
Indi-
an
Chi-
nese
Jap-
anese
Mex-
ican
AU
others
all
races
Criminal homicide
8,738
8,750
14, 624
20, 9,58
34,856
9,308
11,818
2,165
6,363
8,764
1,-019
4,687
1,704
8,177
4,684
4, 990
16, 9:11
2,282
6
4,051
11,650
65, 398
26,036
2,891
84, 640
4,019
21,029
2,080
8,305
9,500
7,216
13, 375
1,632
1,463
706
656
1,031
892
779
445
2,302
707
8,121
1,809
750
6
1,3S5
4,072
7,698
i,596
2,832
13,003
1,005
6,182
85
45
162
95
237
46
63
12
41
43
4
22
6
9
20
27
158
14
12
6
82
14
17
2
9
7
6
12
8
4
692
21
\
1
2
6
3
16
6
6
2
8
1
6
4
X
4
8
4
"'32"
3
173
849
905
706
1,427
271
340
46
64
204
24
120
244
199
145
103
1,071
151
44
122
279
132
151
28
86
16
21
72
9
23
83
94
10
9
63
37
6,083
Robbery ..
12, 578
Assault
25, 508
Burglary — breaking or entering
29, 126
Larceny — theft
60, 060
Auto theft
11,189
Embezzlement and fraud
13, 737
Stolen property; buying, receiving, pos-
sessing .
2,953
Forgery and counterfeiting
6,046
Rgpo . ._■.,
6,182
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Other sex offenses . -....
1,452
6,644
Narcotic drug laws -« __
8,182
^ V©flDons* ciirrvlne. possessine. etc
6,806
)flenses against family and ohildren
Llauor laws
6,627
8, 259
Dr vlng while Intoxicated
18, 655
load and driving laws
^arklnc violations
3,239
11
)ther IrafTic and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
21
120
694
169
2
200
82
106
2
10
12
31
107
31
9
8
77
9
14
3
2,39
791
6,010
1, 239
43
1,188
148
666
29
93
135
213
56
227
21
167
8, 736
16,741
Drunkenness .....
68, 924
Vagrancy
34, 283
Gambling
6,445
Suspicion
49. 298
Not stated . .... ....
6,225
All other offenses
10
14
28, 164
Total
313,438
02, 807
2,371
1,047
241
15, 801
2,164
427,919
168
Table 100. — Di&trihution of arrests according to race, female, Jan. 1-Dec. SI, 1938
Race
Total
Offense charged
White
Negro
Indi-
an
Chi-
nese
Jap-
anese
Mex-
ican
All
others
all
races
Criminal homicide
234
323
543
368
2,559
160
504
133
319
439
291
1,860
175
1,979
39
158
144
76
2
4
6
5
11
1
1
4
18
10
10
67
8
6
3
7
46
679
Robbery
637
Assault
2,426
660
Burglary — brealiing or entering
Larceny — theft -
2
4,664
209
Autotheft
Embezzlement and fraud .
673
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possess-
ing . . --.._.
281
Forgery and counterfeiting
2
405
Rape- -
0
Prostitution and commercialized vice
2,471
758
520
75
133
445
431
38
878
300
148
138
25
817
28
5
19
4
1
44
7
37
9
2
2
3,421
Other sex offenses . .
1,069
714
Narcotic drug laws
6
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
213
Offenses against family and children
1
10
e
2"
159
Liquor laws
6
3
2
1
1 278
Driving while intoxicated
473
Road and driving laws
45
Parking violations, ._.
0
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
81
1,353
2,672
1,927
88
2,932
255
1,164
26
951
927
676
340
1,295
109
367
1
11
69
34
32'
2
6
5
32
133
106
g-
4
30
113
1
2 354
Drunlsenness
3,805
2,774
429
1
1
Gambling
Suspicion
42
5
40
30
3
7
4,331
874
Not stated
All other oflenses...
1,584
Total
20, 484
12, 191
221
10
2
604
158
33 670
Table 101. — Number of arrests of Negroes and whites in proportion to the number
of each in the general population of the country, male and female, Jan. 1-Dec. 31,
1936, rate per 100,000 of population {excluding those under 15 years of age)
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault- -
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
Embezzelement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing.
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
prostitution and commercialized vice.-
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
■Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children
tifquor laws
Driving while intoxicated-..
Road and driving laws
Parking violations ..•
Other tralBc and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy...
Gambling
Suspicion...
Not stated
All other offenses
Native
white
5.0
Total.
(*)
12.
18.
80.
52.
13.
15.
2.
7.9
5.0
4.9
6.7
3.2
4.1
6.2
6.7
21.7
3.3
6.7
17.5
69.1
35.8
3.6
50.1
6.0
80.5
Foreign-
born white
4.2
3.3
21.6
7.2
19.4
1.8
7.0
3.5
2.4
2.9
1.8
5.7
0.9
8.5
4.6
7.7
8.2
1.0
(•)
437.9
2.4
10.6
81.6
12.6
3.3
16.1
2.3
14.3
199.4
Negro
31.3
44.7
141.3
91.9
190.9
19.8
20.2
10.6
7.9
12.8
15.8
13.4
7.4
30.3
9.8
49.0
16.6
9.4
0.1
17.5
62.5
106.0
90.4
33.2
177.8
13.9
81.4
1, 305. 8
•Less than Ho of 1 per 100,000.
1G9
Table 102. — Number of native tvhiles, number of foreign-born lohiles and number <tf
Negroes arrested and fingerprinted by age groups, male and female, Jan. 1-Dec.
SI, 1936
Age
16
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
2.'5-29
80-34
35-39
40-44
45^9
60 and over
Total
Number arrested
Native
white
1,753
6,486
8,180
12. 100
12, 805
11,425
13, 323
13, 049
12, 041
11, 305
48, 006
37, 763
82, 719
22, 526
15, 162
22,290
279, 933
ForelKti-
boiu white
19
115
128
170
188
209
24S
809
347
35.i
1,998
2,654
8,752
4,400
4,112
6,953
26,013
Negro
735
2,187
8, 255
4, 293
4,854
3,905
4,566
6,028
4,944
4,708
20, 850
14,644
13, 031
7,257
4,431
6,067
Numher of arrests per 100,000 of the
Keneral population of the United
States
103, 576
Native
white
88.5
271.5
419.6
614.9
685.1
629.2
727.5
732.4
703.7
679.3
635. 6
650.2
499.4
409.2
813.7
154.0
435.4
Foreign-
born white
49.4
225. 3
193.0
212.3
209.4
195.5
212.9
239. 6
240.8
214.6
195. 0
212.9
229.9
263. 3
262.7
141.6
199.2
Negro
305.7
848.8
1, 828
1, 595
1,911.
1, 533.
2, 000
2, 016,
2, 108.
2, 051.
1,945.3
1, 693. 9
1, 462. 7
1, 055. 7
703.3
854.8
1, 290. 3
Table 103. — Percentage distribution of arrests by age, of native whites, foreign-
bant, whites and Negroes, male and female, Jan. 1-Dec. SI, 1936
Number arrested
Percent
Age
Native
white
Foreign-
born white
Negro
Native
white
Foreign-
born white
Negro
15 and under 21 .
61, 749
49, 718
48, 006
87, 763
82, 719
22, 526
16, 162
22, 290
827
1,259
1,998
2,654
8. 762
4,460
4,112
6,958
18,989
19, 306.
20, 850
14, 644
13, 031
7,257
4,431
6,067
18.8
17.8
17.1
13.5
11.7
8.0
6.4
8.0
3.2
4.8
7.7
10.3
14.4
17.1
15.8
20.8
18.3
18.6
20.2
14.1
19 fl
21-24
26-29 -.
80-34
85-39
40-44 . --
7.0
4.8
4.9
45-49
60 and over
Total
279, 933
26,018
103, 575
100.0
100.0
inn n
At the end of December 1936, there were 6,082,609 fingerprint
records and 7,798,946 index cards containing the names and aliases
of individuals on file in the Identification Division of the FBI.
Of each 100 fingerprint cards received during 1936, more than 53
were identified with those on file in the Bureau. Fugitives number-
ing 5,942 were identified through fingerprint records during this same
period, and interested law-enforcement officials were immediately
notified of the whereabouts of these fugitives.
As of December 31, 1930, there were 10,229 police departments,
peace officers, and law-enforcement agencies throughout the United
States and foreign countries voluntaiilv contributing fingerprints to
the FBI.
INDEX TO VOLUME VII, UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
[All references are to page numbers]
Age of offenders. (See Arrests.)
Annual crime trends: Page
Cities grouped by location 110-113
Cities grouped by size 5-6, 49-50, 76-78, 99-100, 131-135
Arrests — based on fingerprint records 31-42, 81-92, 114-124, 150-169
Age of offenders 32-35, 42, 82-85, 92, 116-118, 124, 152-155
Race of offenders 40-42, 90-92, 122-124, 166-169
Recidivism 35-40,85-90, 118-122, 158-166
Sex of offenders 31-32, 81-82, 115, 151
Arrests. {See Persons charged and persons released.)
Arson 151
Classification of offenses 1-2, 43-44, 93-94, 125-126
Cleared by arrest, offenses 16-21, 30-31
For selected States 79-80
Convictions, previous. {See Arrests — recidivism.)
Crimes. {See Arrests, offenses, persons charged, and persons released.)
Crime rates, relation to number of police employees 75-76
Employees, number of police 61-75
Number of, and relation to crime rates 75-76
Fingerprint records 31-42, 81-92, 114-124, 150-169
Offenses known to the police:
Annual variations 5-6, 49-50, 76-78, 99-100, 110-113, 131-135
Cities grouped by location... 6-9, 52-54, 101-103, 135-137
Cities grouped by location and size 138
Cities grouped by size __ 3-4, 46-48, 96-98, 128^130
Cleared by arrest 16-21, 30-31
Cleared by arrest for selected States 79-80
Divided as to time and place and value of property stolen 13-14,
59, 107-108, 146-149
Individual cities over 100,000 in population.. 9-11, 55-57, 104-106, 139-144
Individual cities over 25,000 in population 139-144
Monthly variations 4-5, 49, 99, 131-132
Possessions of the United States 12-13, 58, 107, 145-146
Rural areas 12, 57-58, 106-107, 144-145
Persons charged (held for prosecution) 20-27
For selected States 79-80
Persons released (not held for prosecution) 27-30
Police department employees 61-75
Possessions of the United States, offenses in 12-13, 58, 107, 145-146
Property^ value stolen and recovered 14r-15, 60, 108-110, 147-149
Prosecution, persons held for. {See Persons charged.)
Race of offenders. {See Arrests.)
Recidivism. {See Arrests.)
Rural crime data 12, 57-58, 106-107, 144-145
Reporting area, extent of 2-3, 44-45, 94-95, 126-127
Sex of offenders. {See Arrests.)
Sheriffs' reports 12, 57-58, 106-107, 144-145
State crime rates. {See Offenses known — cities grouped bv location.)
State police reports 12, 57-58, 106-107, 144-145
Trends, annual crime:
Cities grouped by location 110-113
Cities grouped by size 5-6, 49-50, 76-78, 99-100, 131-135
Trends, monthly crime 4-5, 49, 99, 131-132
Value of property stolen and recovered 14-15, 60, 108-110, 147-149
(170)
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